中国古代菌斑控制措施及用具源流略考

中国古代人民已经认识到口腔卫生的重要性，从春秋战国时期开始，人们已有漱口、剔牙等口腔清洁措施。外来的佛教文化对我国的菌斑控制措施的发展起过非常重要的作用。汉代起，部分僧侣用杨枝清洁口腔卫生，并注意到了口腔卫生与口腔疾患间的关系。从辽代开始，我国已经开始使用并制造植毛牙刷。在宋代，植毛牙刷、牙粉等菌斑控制用具已经商品化。综上所述，我国是世界上最早使用药物制剂漱口，最早使用并制造牙签、植毛牙刷、牙粉等菌斑控制用具的国家之一，在世界牙周病学的发展史上有着重要的地位。     

不要轻易否认经络的物质基础

经络理论是中医学理论的核心组成部分,也是指导针灸、按摩、导引以及临床各科的理论基础.从上世纪70年代起,经络研究就一直成为科学家们关注的焦点.经络是否真的存在?它的实质或物质基础是什么?诸多悬而未决的问题使世界神经、生物各界精英以及无数中医人士为之探索和努力,但同时也有一部分人因为经络还没有发现被大家所公认的物质基础而否认经络的存在,认为经络是玄学,甚而被人称之为伪科学.孰是孰非,对此问题应该怎样进行分析、判断?明而言之,我们应该如何看待"经络还没有发现物质基础"这一事实?这是我们必须深入思考的问题.     

Challenges and strategies in progress of drug delivery system for traditional Chinese medicine Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen)

Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), with a history of thousands of years, are widely used clinically with effective treatment. However, the drug delivery systems(DDSs) for TCMs remains major challenges due to the characteristics of multi-components including alkaloids, flavones, anthraquinones, glycosides,proteins, volatile oils and other types. Therefore, the novel preparations and technology of modern pharmaceutics is introduced to improve TCM therapeutic effects due to instability and low bioavailability of active ingredients. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the radix and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Danshen in Chinese), is a well known Chinese herbal medicine for protecting the cardiovascular system, with active ingredients mainly including lipophilic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic acids.In this review, this drug is taken as an example to present challenges and strategies in progress of DDSs for TCMs. This review would also summary the characteristics of active ingredients in it including physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this review is to provide inspirations and ideas for the DDSs designed from TCMs by summarizing the advances on DDSs for both singleand multi-component from Danshen.     

参茸白凤丸质量控制方法的研究

参茸白凤丸是<中国药典>2005年版一部收载的传统成方制剂,有大蜜丸和水蜜丸两种剂型,是由人参、鹿茸、党参、当归、熟地黄、黄芪、白芍、延胡索、葫芦巴、续断、白术、香附、砂仁、益母草、黄芩、桑寄生、甘草18味中药组成.     

每一天都珍爱自己的生命——我的益寿养生秘方（2）

百谷养生粥[原料]百合干3片、黑豆7粒、黄豆7粒、绿豆7粒、玉米7粒、荞麦2克、红豆7粒、大米1克、小米1克、紫糯米1克、高粱米1克、蜀米1克、小黄米1克、糜子米1克、莲子5粒、葵花子7粒、南瓜子7粒、薏仁米2克、花生7克、核桃2个(取出桃仁用)、大枣2个、黑芝麻2克、白芝麻2克、人参果2个、干山药片1片、首乌粉7克、山楂2片、葡萄干7粒、枸杞子7粒、     

浅谈以脾胃为中心的健康观

1 脾胃与人体阴阳平衡 脾具有主运化、主升清、主统血作用,称为"仓廪之官"(《素问·灵兰秘典论》、"仓廪之本"(《素问·六节藏象论》).脾脏功能的发挥有赖于脾之阴阳.如缪仲淳《先醒斋医学广笔记》说:"胃气弱则不能纳,脾阴亏则不能消".万密斋《养生四要》说:"受水谷之入而变化者,脾胃之阳也,散水谷之气而成营卫者,脾胃之阴也."《血证论》说:"脾阳不足,水谷固不化,脾阴不足,水谷仍不化也."胃主受纳和腐熟水谷,饮食物在胃中,初步消化,形成食糜,将精微物质游行布散,上输于脾,通过脾之运化,散精归肺,供养周身.     

少腹逐瘀汤治疗盆腔炎56例

盆腔炎临床表现为下腹疼痛,伴发热或高热、寒颤、头痛、食欲不振,下腹包块及局部压迫刺激感.腰酸胀痛,白带多,月经不调,经量时多时少,夹瘀血块.或排尿困难,尿频急,或腹泻,里急后重,排便困难.笔者近年来用少腹逐瘀汤治疗盆腔炎56例,取得较满意效果,现总结如下.     

薏苡仁治疗慢性结肠炎

先父俞长荣擅长应用参苓白术散治疗慢性腹泻。方中薏苡仁，能利水渗湿、健脾止泻。其应用要点为：舌苔白腻或黄腻，大便不成形，或多黏液。本品功力和缓，尚需根据病情，合理配伍，如与荷叶配伍，其升清降浊、健脾祛湿之功益佳。若偏于湿盛，配合茯苓；偏于湿热，配合铁苋；偏于脾虚，配合参、术；脾虚及肾，配合山药、补骨脂；兼夹食积，配合山楂、神曲。此外，     

耳体穴配合促进人工受精卵着床成功1例

患者，女，46岁，菲律宾人，其丈夫60岁，新西兰人，结婚10年，夫妻同住，性生活正常，未能生育。为了生育子女，他们先后到过世界多个国家寻医问诊，均未能如愿。5年前到美国一家大医院接受试管婴儿治疗，先后在女方采集了6个成熟的卵子，与其丈夫的精子结合成受精卵，寄存在该医院的精子库，并在该月的排卵期把受精卵植于子宫中。但因女方的雌激素水平偏低，子宫的供血不良，宫内环境不宜胚胎着床、生长，故2个月后流产。半年后再次把受精卵植于子宫中又告流产。美国医生建议她先到中国寻求针灸治疗，改善子宫的内环境，为受精卵的着床生长创造良好条件。她于2004年1月来到中国广州，就诊于我院门诊。视其面色晦暗，舌质淡、苔薄白，脉沉细，诊断为不孕症。     

干扰素不良反应的中医药应对策略

流感样综合征 患者发热、寒战、全身不适,肌痛、头痛等,有时还可出现鼻塞、流涕、头晕、尿急等,而以发热最为常见[1].西医往往采用解热镇痛药如阿司匹林、安痛定之属,长期使用可以诱发溃疡出血;以上症状属于中医营卫不和或气分热甚,治以清热凉血、解表和营为法,方以当归拈痛汤加味[2],方中羌活透关节,防风散风湿为君,升麻、葛根味薄引而上行,苦以发之,白术甘温和平,苍术辛温雄壮,健脾燥湿为臣.温热和合,肢节烦痛可解,苦参、黄芩、知母、茵陈苦寒以泄之,酒炒以为因用;血雍不流则为痛,当归辛温以散之,人参、甘草甘温,补养正气,使苦寒不伤脾胃;治湿不利小便,非其治也,猪苓、泽泻甘淡咸平,导其留饮为佐.     

几种有毒动物药材及其有效成分抗癌作用的研究进展

中医学认为,癌肿为邪毒结于体内而成,毒邪内陷,非攻不克,故常用有毒之品,借其性峻力猛以攻邪,即肿瘤防治中的"以毒攻毒"法."以毒攻毒"法与西医手术、放疗、化疗综合运用,常常有出奇制胜的效果.目前应用最多的几种有毒动物药材为斑蝥、全蝎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍等.对中医学宝库中这一宝藏,我们仍需不断总结经验,应用现代科学技术加以整理与提高,相信有毒动物药材在抗癌的临床运用中将有着非常广阔的前景.     

基于ICP-MS法的桂枝茯苓胶囊中无机元素分析

目的采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法建立桂枝茯苓胶囊(GFC)中29种无机元素(Li、Be、B、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb、Bi)的测定方法。方法 GFC样品以浓硝酸为消解试剂经微波消解后,以Ge、In元素为内标,以灌木枝叶标准物质作为质控标准物质,采用ICP-MS法测定其中29种无机元素含量。结果待检测的29种无机元素在各的自线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 4;各元素的检出限在0.012~4.105μg/L,定量限在0.045~14.500μg/L,平均加样回收率在79.88%~105.76%,RSD≤4.55%。测定的12批样品中Ca、Na、Mg含量较高,均超过300μg/g;Fe、Mn、Sr含量也相对较高,而有害元素Be、As、Cd、Sb、Hg、Tl、Bi含量相对较低,均在0.030μg/g以下。结论该方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,适用于GFC中无机元素的测定。     

十二经脉四肢远端穴位与脊髓神经节段支配规律的关系

目的：探讨十二经脉四肢远端穴位的肌层神经节段支配情况，进一步研究临床针刺“爷段支配规律”的适用范围。方法：从十二经脉四肢远端穴位层次解剖的肌肉分布情况，观察其各层次肌肉相应的脊髓神经节段支配。结论：与具有“节段支配规律”的躯干部穴位相比，具有相对特异的远道治疗作用的四肢远端穴位则与“节段支配规律”无关，另有其他规律。     

Study on the Biological Basis of Qi,Blood, and Vessel in Immune Thrombocytopenia Patients With Syndrome of Qi Failing to Govern Blood Based on the Theory of Qi and Blood

Objective: To investigate the biological basis of qi, blood and vessel in immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) patients with syndrome of qi failing to govern blood(SQFGB) based on traditional Chinese medicine.Methods: A total of 52 ITP patients with SQFCB were enrolled and divided into bleeding group(38 cases) and non-bleeding group(14 cases).Bleeding group was further divided into mild qi deficiency group(25 cases) and moderate/severe qi deficiency group(13 cases) based on Chinese Medicine syndrome score.20 healthy volunteer were recruited as control group.The count of platelet(PLT) was taken as the blood related indicator.The expressions of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-17 A, TNF-α, CD40 L, and TGF-β, detected by Aim Plex Multiple Immunoassays for Flow, were taken as the qi related indicators.The expressions of VEGF-A, detected by Aim Plex Multiple Immunoassays for Flow and NO, NOS, and ET-1 detected by ELISA, were taken as the vessel related indicators.Results: As compared to the control group, the count of PLT, taken as the blood related indicator, was significantly lower in ITP group patients with SQFCB(P<0.05).The expression levels of IL-17 A and TNF-α, taken as the qi related indicators, were significantly higher, while those of CD40 L, IL-1β, and TGF-β, also taken as the qi related indicators, were significantly lower in ITP patients with SQFCB, respectively(P<0.05).The expression levels of NO and ET-1, taken as the vessel related indicators, were significantly higher, while the expression levels of NOS and VEGF-A also taken as the vessel related indicators, were significantly lower in ITP patients with SQFCB, respectively(P<0.05).The count of PLT, taken as the blood related indicator, was significantly lower in moderate/severe group than those in mild group(P<0.05).The expression levels of CD40 L and TGF-β, taken as the qi related indicators, were also significantly lower in moderate/severe group than those in mild group, respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion: The count of PLT might be the biological basis of blood.The expressions of NO, NOS, ET-1 and VEGF-A might be the biological basis of vessel.The expressions of IL-1β, IL-17 A, TNF-α, TGF-β, and CD40 L may be the biological basis of qi.The expressions of CD40 L and TGF-β could reflect the degree of qi deficiency in ITP patients based on the theory of qi and blood.     

基于ICP-MS法的不同产地天麻中20种元素分析

目的采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定天麻中As、Ba、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ga、Hg、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti、Tl、V 20种元素的量。方法采用浓硝酸与双氧水作为混合溶剂,结合微波消解处理天麻样品。经过仪器工作条件的优化,进行了方法学考察,并测定了30批不同产地天麻样品中20种元素的量。结果 20种待测元素的线性关系良好(r≥0.998 2),重复性试验RSD均≤6.34%,稳定性试验RSD均≤6.00%,精密度试验RSD均≤5.78%,加样回收率在91.62%~108.10%,RSD均≤5.21%。结论该方法具有前处理简便、多种元素同时测定、分析速度快、灵敏度高、准确度高、精密度好等优点,可为天麻中元素的快速分析以及药材质量评价提供技术支持和科学依据。     

The riddles of number nine in Chinese medicine processing method

The“nine cycles of steaming and shining”,“nine making”,“nine turns”and“nine cycles of calcining and quenching”methods that are recorded and used since ancient times are merely one aspect of the unique processing methods of traditional Chinese medicine.Inducing the Chinese medicine processing method“nine cycles of steaming and shining”from historical review and summarizing the practical wisdom based on the canonical aspects of traditional Chinese medicine and the experiences of ancient Chinese medicine sages to promote the new development of traditional Chinese medicine.After the long-term and multiple“nine”processing,the materials of traditional Chinese medicine exhibit significant beneficial changes in terms of taste,efficacy,and chemical composition contents,thus emphasizing that Chinese medicine processing plays a significant role in their efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction.Heshouwu(Polygoni Multiflori Radix),Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),Huangjing(Rhizoma Polygonati),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),and Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae)are representatives of Chinese medicinal materials prepared using the“nine-system”processing method.This review discovers the aim and the molecular mechanism of“nine”processing of the abovementioned herbs from the viewpoints of modern pharmacochemistry and pharmacology to provide a theoretical support for the“nine”processing method of traditional Chinese medicine and to promote the international market of traditional Chinese medicine.     

The dynamic changes and mechanisms of Rehmanniae radix processing based on Maillard reaction

Background:Traditional Chinese medicines are usually processed before they are used for clinical treatment.This is done in a way associated with the Maillard reaction.Methods:Based on the Maillard reaction,this paper analyzed the degree of processing of rehmannia root(Rehmanniae radix)relative to the dynamic variation rules of Maillard reaction index parameters,including pH,A420,amino acids,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furthermore,this study introduced thermal analysis techniques and pyrolysis kinetics to assess the influence of the correlation between processing raw rehmannia root and the Maillard reaction during carbonization.It then went through the whole process of transforming the raw material to end-product in order to explain the scientific connotation of processing it.Results:The results showed that each time rehmannia root was processed,its pH value and amino acid content decreased,while the A420 value and 5-HMF increased.Processing with wine shows a significant difference in these experimental indexes.The position and intensity of the maximum thermal weight loss rate peak of processed rehmannia root at different degrees of processing are different.Comprehensive quantitative 221±0.2°C for processed rehmannia root carbonization was the processing temperature limit.Moreover,the kinetic solution verified that the activation energy corresponding to the carbonization temperature was close to the maximum value of the activation energy of the whole carbonization process,and the optimal mechanism function was g(α)=((1−α)−1/3−1)2.Conclusion:The Maillard reaction occurred during the processing of rehmannia root mixed with carbonization.With each increase of the number of steaming and drying cycles involved in the processing,the level of Maillard reaction increased significantly.The wine-steaming method had a significant effect on the quality of the processed product.     

Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for liver disease therapy in 2020

Liver diseases are gradually becoming a serious threat to human health worldwide.Although a number of medications have been introduced for the prophylaxis,diagnosis,and treatment of liver diseases,several limitations and challenges remain.Traditional Chinese medicine is frequently used to treat liver diseases and well known to protect hepatocytes and inhibit inflammation,oxidative stress,and fibrosis.However,given the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine,clarifying the mechanisms behind its curative and protective effects is difficult.In this review,research progress on traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver diseases in 2020 is summarized on the basis of the literature available in the PubMed database.Herbal extracts derived from traditional Chinese medicine,including flavonoids,polysaccharides,saponins,and alkaloids,and Chinese medicinal formulas,such as the classic decoctions Chaihu Shugan powder,Linggui Zhugan decoction,and Huanglian Jiedu decoction,have shown promising therapeutic efficacy in liver disease treatment.We summarized the findings of several studies on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbs used for liver disease treatment in 2020,focusing mainly on their ability to confer antiviral effects to treat hepatitis,regulate antioxidant levels and apoptosis to treat liver injury,inhibit inflammation and improve dysfunctions in amino acids and energy metabolism to treat alcoholic liver disease,reduce hepatic lipid deposition to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,promote activated hepatic stellate cells to treat liver fibrosis,inhibit the proliferation or promote the apoptosis of liver cancer cells to treat hepatocellular carcinoma,and improve bile acid metabolism to treat cholestasis.     

陶弘景的温州遗踪

陶弘景是我国历史上著名的医药学家,在浙江东南的温州留下了许多民间传说与踪迹,但长期以来人们都将其当作"民间传说"而已.据有关史实资料,认为陶弘景在齐武帝永明十年(公元493年)后确实来过永嘉(即今温州),且在楠溪江畔与陶山一带隐居.     

樟树 枳壳走快价扬栀子货丰价跌

春节临近,入市购买药材的人员日渐增多,本期市场上滋补类和香料类药材商品交易显得较为活跃,小批量零星交易走快。丹参、板蓝根、白术等大宗品种交易量明显上升,价格有上扬之势,一些冷背品种如重楼、香薷草、皂角等因货源短缺,价格上涨幅度较大。现将部分地产果实子仁类药材行情走势点评如下:枳壳江西是主要产区,历年年产量均占全国的五成以上,主产于本省的中南部,其中樟树、新干、新余、吉水、高安、峡江、安福、万载、永新、吉安等市县拥有大型的GAP生产基地。地产枳壳以其皮青肉厚的品质深受药厂、药商的青睐,因此,前些年商品走动比较顺畅。进入2003~2004年,随着产地种植面积增加,枳壳产量逐年上升,加上受湖南、湖北等地枳壳价低的影响,江西枳壳价格开始逐步下滑,统货成交价陆续降至6~6.5元(千克价,下同),低谷时只有5元,产地药农因收入不佳于是放松了对枳壳树的管理,有的地方甚至砍伐树木改种其它作物,由此导致枳壳面积逐步减少,产量也逐年下降。近两年受自然灾害的影响,加上产地外出务工人员增多,枳壳采摘量明显减少,而近年来随着相关制药企业对枳壳新产品的开发利用其商品市场需求量不断增加。2006年因货源减少价格开始回升。2007年枳壳商品...