HPLC测定不同来源大黄中蒽醌和二蒽酮类成分

目的建立同时测定大黄中芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和番泻苷A、番泻苷B的HPLC法,并对不同来源的大黄样品进行测定。方法采用HPLC梯度洗脱,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);检测波长分别为254 nm、340 nm;体积流量为1 mL/min;柱温为30℃。结果在一定范围内,芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和番泻苷A、番泻苷B峰面积积分值与进样量线性关系良好,加样回收率符合要求,方法具有较好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,可同时对多种来源大黄药材进行测定。结论不同来源大黄的化学成分差异较大,其中种植大黄样品中总蒽醌及总番泻苷的量均少于野生样品。     

单因素配伍剂量对大黄甘草汤药效组分的影响

目的:研究大黄甘草汤中配伍饮片生大黄或生甘草剂量改变对该复方药效组分的影响,为该复方的临床合理应用和中药药效组分质量评价体系建立提供参考。方法:采用HPLC-DAD同时测定不同配伍的大黄甘草汤中通便止呕的药效组分芦荟大黄素-甘草酸-大黄酸-大黄素-大黄酚-大黄素甲醚(波长254 nm),甘草苷-甘草素(波长276 nm),番泻苷B-番泻苷A-异甘草苷-异甘草素(波长360 nm)的含量。结果:大黄甘草汤中生大黄(或生甘草)配伍剂量增加时,生甘草(或生大黄)药效组分均逐渐降低。当大黄与甘草配伍剂量为经方比例12 g/3 g时,甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素和甘草酸的质量分数依次为(1 258.03±35.52),(115.26±7.88),(246.09±4.02),(15.41±0.20),(1 823.44±23.44)μg·g~(-1);番泻苷B,番泻苷A,芦荟大黄素,大黄酸,大黄素,大黄酚和大黄素甲醚质量分数依次为(124.51±0.60),(189.91±7.04),(214.03±6.08),(1 110.60±24.36),(193.83±0.95),(133.21±3.28),(51.26±1.00)μg·g~(-1)。结论:配伍剂量改变时,大黄甘草汤药效组分的溶出量与经方比较均具有显著性差异,说明其功效随配伍剂量的不同而变化。生大黄(生甘草)的配伍剂量改变对甘草(大黄)、其自身及大黄甘草汤药效组分总量均有显著影响。生甘草配伍剂量对大黄甘草汤药效组分的影响强于生大黄。     

三黄泻心汤药效组分分析

目的:分析三黄泻心汤其泻火解毒的药效组分,为药效组分中药的发现和中药药效组分质量评价方法的建立提供科学数据.方法:依据经方的制剂方法制备样品,采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定生物碱类-黄酮类-蒽醌类药效组分的含量.结果:测定了16种药效组分:盐酸药根碱-盐酸表小檗碱-盐酸黄连碱-盐酸巴马汀-盐酸小檗碱-黄芩苷-汉黄芩苷-黄芩素-汉黄芩素-番泻苷A-番泻苷B-芦荟大黄素-大黄酸-大黄素-大黄酚-大黄素甲醚,其含量依次为1.80％,5.40％,7.70％,4.50％,18.80％, 47.80％,9.40％, 3.60％,1.10％,0.42％, 3.54％,0.07％,0.11％,0.37％,0.11％,0.03％.结论:三黄泻心汤泻火解毒16种药效组分的含量为104.75％ (mg·g-1),16种药效组分比例是56∶ 163∶ 232∶ 136∶ 571∶ 1448∶ 283∶110∶32∶ 107∶ 13∶2∶3∶ 11∶3∶1(盐酸药根碱-盐酸表小檗碱-盐酸黄连碱-盐酸巴马汀-盐酸小檗碱-黄芩苷-汉黄芩苷-黄芩素-汉黄芩素-番泻苷A-番泻苷B-芦荟大黄素-大黄酸-大黄素-大黄酚-大黄素甲醚).     

市售大黄饮片质量评价

目的:考察市售大黄饮片质量。方法:收集25个厂家市售大黄三种饮片60个批次样品,采用薄层色谱法进行土大黄苷检查,高效液相色谱法测定番泻苷A、番泻苷B、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的含量。结果:目前市售大黄饮片质量令人担忧,生大黄、酒大黄、熟大黄饮片的土大黄苷检出率分别为50%、47%、41%。结论:对大黄饮片质量标准的制定迫在眉睫。     

基于UPLC-PDA指纹图谱及多成分含量的化学模式识别法评价大黄质量

目的采用超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测器(UPLC-PDA)建立大黄药材指纹图谱及同时测定大黄中9个成分含量的分析方法,并对17批不同产地、不同基原、不同生长年限的大黄进行质量分析和评价。方法采用ThermoSyncronis C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱。指纹图谱数据导入SIMCA-P14.1软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析,同时基于UPLC-PDA法对番泻苷B、大黄酸-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、番泻苷A、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素共9个成分进行定量分析。结果 17批大黄药材指纹图谱共寻找共有峰20个,经对照品指认9个峰。聚类分析与主成分分析显示,唐古特大黄、掌叶大黄能够显著区分,唐古特大黄与药用大黄相似,聚为一类;4年与5年的唐古特大黄不能区分、1年与2年的掌叶大黄不能区分。指标性成分含量测定结果显示,唐古特大黄高于其他2种大黄,4年的唐古特大黄质量优于5年的,2年的掌叶大黄质量优于1年的。结论采用UPLC-PDA技术,建立的大黄药材指纹图谱结合多成分含量测定的方法能够快速、科学、准确地区分不同基原的大黄,并对不同年限大黄质量进行初步评价,为大黄药材基原区分及质量评价提供依据。     

与大黄功能对应的7种药效组分分析

[目的]分析与大黄清热解毒、泻火、消滞通便、利黄疸对应的7种药效组分变化规律,探讨饮片配伍、复方、剂型与药效组分的相关性,为解析中药药效本质提供科学数据。[方法]采用单味药、药对和复方制剂对法,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RP-HPLC)法测定7种药效组分的含量。[结果]与大黄功能对应的7种药效组分是芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、番泻苷A、番泻苷B,其含量依次为(0.140±0.020),(0.250±0.013),(1.100±0.027),(0.170±0.006),(0.050±0.002),(1.085±0.023),(0.747±0.033)mg/g。[结论]大黄药效组分芦荟大黄素-大黄酸-大黄素-大黄酚-大黄素甲醚-番泻苷A-番泻苷B,其清热解毒组分是2.73∶3.23∶8.85∶3.19∶1∶4.5∶12.41;清热泻火组分是2.67∶3.97∶15.52∶3.28∶1:20.89∶10.51;消滞通便组分是1.69∶6.37∶10.65∶2.23∶1∶7.11∶5.98;利黄疸组分是1.71∶2.39∶8.04∶2.30∶1∶5.43∶78.99,且各药效组分之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。大黄的功能与配伍、剂型相关,大黄的功能物质是药效组分。     

HPLC同时测定唐古特大黄地上部分6种化学成分含量

目的建立HPLC同时测定唐古特大黄地上部分中大黄酚、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素、番泻苷A和番泻苷B共6种成分含量的方法。方法采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0 min,70%B;5 min,65%B;8~16 min,60%B;18~23 min,55%B;25~30 min,45%B;32~39 min,35%B;49~57 min,24%B;65~72 min,20%B);流速1.0 m L/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温为室温,按外标法定量分析。结果大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素、番泻苷A、番泻苷B在一定范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好(r≥0.999 5),方法的精密度RSD为0.75%~1.17%,重复性RSD为0.99%~2.06%,稳定性RSD为0.97~1.76%,平均加样回收率为99.7%~100.4%。唐古特大黄根和地上部分6种化学成分含量存在差异。结论所建立的方法能同时测定唐古特大黄地上部分6种成分的含量,可作为大黄地上部分化学成分含量测定的参考方法。     

大黄提取物对兔耳静脉炎组织中CNF-KB表达的影响

大黄为蓼科植物掌叶大黄（RheumpalmatumL．）、唐古特大黄（Rh．tanguticumMaxim．ezBall）或药用大黄（Rh．officinaleBaill）的干燥根及根茎,性寒,味苦、咸,具有攻积滞、清湿热、泻火、凉血、祛瘀、解毒等功效。现代研究表明,其主要成分为蒽醌类化合物,含量为3％～5％,大部分为葡萄糖结合苷、游离苷元有大黄酸、大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚等,     

RP-HPLC-DAD同时测定大黄中9种有效成分的含量

目的: 建立RP-HPLC-DAD同时测定大黄中5 种游离蒽醌类成分(芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚),2种双蒽酮类成分(番泻苷A、番泻苷B),以及没食子酸、儿茶素合计9种成分含量的方法。方法: 采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) 色谱柱,流动相0.05%磷酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min^-1,检测波长280 nm,柱温40 ℃,进样量10 μL。结果: 芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、番泻苷A、番泻苷B、没食子酸和儿茶素9 种成分分别在4.56~45.6,16.3~163,7.38~73.8,7.44~74.4,1.82~18.2,57.6~576,28.2~282,3.27~32.7,118~1.18×10 mg·L^-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系 (r≥0.999 5),平均加样回收率为96.4%~101.4%,RSD<3.15%。不同来源的6批大黄样品中9种有效成分的含量差别较大。结论: 该方法简单、重复性良好,准确可靠,可用于大黄药材的快速质量评价。     

基于支持向量机的5种大黄苷元治疗脑缺血的配伍研究

目的筛选大黄中5种能够治疗脑缺血的大黄苷元(芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚)的最佳配伍。方法采用均匀设计法将大鼠分为14组,每组15只。采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型,以神经功能症状评分、脑梗死面积为指标,探讨不同配伍的大黄苷元对脑缺血大鼠的影响,同时基于支持向量机(SVM)建立大黄苷元药效预测模型。结果经SVM回归分析,得到大黄苷元最优配伍为芦荟大黄素6.653 4 mg/kg、大黄酸26.000 8 mg/kg、大黄素11.004 2 mg/kg、大黄酚3.841 4 mg/kg和大黄素甲醚3.862 0 mg/kg。结论不同配比的大黄苷元能有效改善大鼠脑缺血的各个指标,采用均匀设计结合SVM的模拟预测方法优选出了5种大黄苷元组分的最佳配比。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.