基于HPLC指纹图谱的牛蒡子生制品间化学成分变化的研究

目的建立牛蒡子生制品的HPLC指纹图谱并进行化学成分的分析比较,揭示牛蒡子炒制后化学成分的变化。方法采用高效液相色谱法,流动相为0.2%甲酸水和乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长286 nm,柱温30℃,进样量20μl;同时采用相似度分析和系统聚类分析对所建牛蒡子生制品的HPLC指纹图谱进行评价。结果所建牛蒡子生制品的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法的精密度、重复性和稳定性良好;牛蒡子生制品的HPLC指纹图谱的各自的相似度均较好,均分别标定了10个共有指纹峰;通过对照品的比对指认了其中一些主要色谱峰,部分化学成分在炒制前后的含量变化明显。结论所建牛蒡子生制品HPLC指纹图谱可用于区分牛蒡子生品和炒品,牛蒡子的一些主要化学成分在炒制后发生了明显的量变。     

HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS联用技术研究大株红景天胶囊指纹图谱

建立了大株红景天胶囊HPLC-DAD指纹图谱分析方法,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以流动相甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长276 nm,采用该方法测定市售10批大株红景天胶囊,并用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A)软件进行指纹图谱分析,确定了21个色谱峰作为指纹图谱共有峰,同时对扣除峰面积超过总峰面积50%的单个共有峰前后10批样品的相似度结果进行分析比较,发现10批样品的相似度均大于0.940。采用HPLC/Q-TOF-MS对指纹图谱中的共有峰进行指认,确定了21个共有峰的分子式,结合对照品及质谱信息对其中11个指纹峰进行结构推断。该研究首次采用HPLC建立大株红景天胶囊的指纹图谱并结合HPLC/Q-TOFMS对指纹峰进行指认,该方法具有良好的精密度、稳定性和重复性,为大株红景天胶囊的质量评价提供依据。     

决明子炒制前后指纹图谱比较研究

目的:研究建立决明子不同饮片的HPLC指纹图谱鉴别方法,比较生、炒决明子化学成分的差别.方法:采用RP-HPLC,流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,研究生、炒决明子饮片指纹图谱的区别,作相似度分析,并对其主要色谱峰进行指认.结果:生、炒决明子饮片的HPLC指纹图谱有明显差异,并指认了12个主要色谱峰.结论:采用HPLC图谱比较法可作为生、炒决明子饮片的一项质控鉴别指标.     

鬼箭羽药材的指纹图谱

目的:建立鬼箭羽药材HPLC指纹图谱,对谱图中主要色谱峰进行指认,并比较不同部位药材指纹图谱的异同.方法:采用DiamonsilTM C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1 mL· min-1,检测波长254 nm,柱温30℃.采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相识度评价系统2004 A版》软件进行相似度评价,计算9批药材相似度.结果:通过对9批不同产地鬼箭羽药材指纹图谱的研究,标定出23个共有色谱峰,其中8个共有峰得到指认.利用HPLC指纹图谱相似度评价软件评价,9批药材的相似度在0.824 ～0.957,其中6批药材相似度＞0.900.鬼箭羽不同药用部位的HPLC色谱图有较大差异.结论:不同产地鬼箭羽药材质量存在一定差异,但大部分具有较好相似性.不同药用部位成分有较大差异,应结合临床疗效规范品种和用药部位,并制定相关质量控制标准.     

金玄痔科熏洗散及其有效部位新制剂的HPLC指纹图谱比较

目的:建立金玄痔科熏洗散有效部位新制剂的非挥发性成分的指纹图谱测定方法,指认主要色谱峰,分析比较其与原制剂有效成分的差异,从而为金玄痔科熏洗散传统制剂的二次开发提供依据.方法:采用RP-HPLC,流动相甲醇-0.4％磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长335 nm,流速为1.0 mL· min-1,柱温35℃,以指纹图谱计算软件计算相似度并进行图谱的比较及指认.结果:建立了金玄痔科熏洗散及其有效部位新制剂的HPLC标准指纹图谱,各10批次样品的相似度大于0.945,并指认了5个色谱峰.结论:指纹图谱方法可靠、重复性好,能有效比较金玄痔科熏洗散与其新制剂的数量关系,新制剂有效成分的数和量均优于原制剂.     

蒙药肋柱花HPLC指纹图谱的研究

目的采用HPLC对15批不同采集地的蒙药肋柱花药材进行指纹图谱研究,并采用相似度评价蒙药肋柱花药材的质量。方法采用HPLC进行测定,色谱柱为YMC C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水-甲醇,梯度洗脱,体积流量0.8 m L/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温30℃。运用色谱软件对指纹图谱进行相似度评价。结果建立了蒙药肋柱花药材的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了15个共有峰,指认了5个共有峰,15批次肋柱花药材与生成对照指纹图谱的相似度在0.881~0.997。结论首次建立肋柱花药材的HPLC特征指纹图谱,所建立的指纹图谱测定方法精密度、稳定性和重复性良好。     

大蒜蒜氨酸指纹图谱研究

目的建立大蒜蒜氨酸的HPLC指纹图谱。方法采用HPLC柱前衍生化法建立大蒜蒜氨酸指纹图。结果建立了大蒜蒜氨酸指纹图谱,确定了15个共有峰并指认了11个色谱峰,10批次大蒜蒜氨酸色谱图与典型指纹图谱的相似度大于0.95。结论所建立的大蒜蒜氨酸指纹图谱符合提取物指纹图谱的技术要求,可用于大蒜蒜氨酸的生产过程控制及质量评价。     

芥子及莱菔子饮片炮制前后物质基础变化规律分析

目的:建立芥子、莱菔子炒制前后以及芥子不同品种饮片的UPLC图谱,分析3种中药饮片炒制前后化学成分的变化规律。方法:采用UPLC,ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm),流动相乙腈(A)-含0.08 mol·L-1甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~5 min,5%~20%A;5~7 min,20%A;7~25 min,20%~25%A;25~30 min,25%~90%A),柱温35℃,进样量10μL,流速0.3 m L·min-1,检测波长254 nm。结果:白芥子与炒白芥子饮片共检出7个共有峰,白芥子炒制后主要色谱峰的峰面积发生显著变化,新生成1个色谱峰a,但其原有色谱峰8~10均消失。黄芥子生品与炒制品有10个共有峰,黄芥子炒制后部分色谱峰的峰面积显著降低,色谱峰11几乎消失。莱菔子与炒莱菔子有6个共有峰,莱菔子炒制后主要色谱峰的峰面积变化显著,色谱峰a消失,新生成2个色谱峰。通过比较白芥子、黄芥子和莱菔子的UPLC图谱,发现3种中药饮片中均归属出其共性成分芥子碱硫氰酸盐,但在主要色谱峰峰面积及数量方面存在显著差异。结论:UPLC建立芥子不同品种及莱菔子生、炒饮片的图谱能全面反映出饮片的物质基础内涵以及炮制前后物质基础的变化规律,为揭示这3种中药饮片炮制原理和进一步诠释含硫代葡萄糖苷类中药饮片炒制共性原理的科学内涵提供实验依据。     

白背叶HPLC特征指纹图谱及模式识别

目的:建立白背叶药材的HPLC指纹图谱与系统聚类分析方法,为科学评价和有效控制白背叶药材的质量提供科学依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法建立12个不同产地白背叶的指纹图谱,采用phenomenex-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.1%冰乙酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长336 nm。并使用相似度评价软件进行相似度分析,用SPSS 19.0软件进行聚类分析,以共有峰的相对峰面积为指标,进行标准化处理和主成分分析。结果:建立了白背叶HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,对不同产地白背叶药材进行了相似度比较,并进行了指纹图谱系统聚类分析和主成分分析。标定了22个共有峰,指认了其中5个共有峰,经相似度计算,整体相似度为0.554~0.981。聚类分析在距离标尺为2时将样品2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12分为一大类;综合主成分得分(F值)从高到低依次为11,7,1,9,12,6,5,10,4,3,2,8号样品,F在0.0~-1.7共2种方法的分类结果一致,可以相互验证。结论:该方法简便准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,为白背叶药材的研究以及制定质量控制标准提供科学依据。     

陕产延胡索产地加工与炮制一体化HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立陕产延胡索产地加工与炮制一体化的HPLC指纹图谱。方法:应用RP-HPLC测定7批延胡索样品生物碱类化学成分指纹图谱。色谱条件:Hypurity C18色谱柱(250 mm×4. 6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0. 1%磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流速1. 0 ml/min,检测波长280 nm。采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2004A)和SPSS19. 0统计软件中的聚类分析对指纹图谱进行相似度分析。结果:优化了HPLC色谱条件,确定了17个共有峰,指认了原阿片碱、延胡索乙素2个化合物,建立了7个不同批次延胡索的HPLC指纹图谱,相似度较好,聚类分析结果与相似度评价结果基本一致。结论:该研究建立的延胡索HPLC指纹图谱可为其鉴别及质量评价提供更全面的参考。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。