肉豆蔻不同炮制品挥发油中肉豆蔻醚、黄樟醚的HPLC法测定

采用高效液相法对肉豆蔻及其炮制品挥发油中肉豆蔻醚、黄樟醚进行了测定。本法快速、准确。同时证明肉豆蔻醚在炮制后有不同程度的降低。     

HPLC测定长形肉豆蔻及其不同炮制品挥发油中甲基丁香酚、异甲基丁香酚及黄樟醚含量

长形肉豆蔻为肉豆蔻科植物长形肉豆蔻Myristica argent-ea.Warb.的干燥种仁.同肉豆蔻具有相似的功效,温中行气,涩肠止泻.用于脾胃虚寒,久泻不止,脘腹胀痛,食少呕吐.在印度尼西亚市场上圆形的肉豆蔻(Myristica fragrans Houtt.)常作香料,而长形则作为药用,并且长形肉豆蔻在性状上与肉豆蔻较为相近,其主要成分为挥发油和脂肪油等,据文献报道止泻成分为甲基丁香酚和异甲基丁香酚,毒性成分为黄樟醚 [1,2]故本试验采用高效液相色谱法以甲基丁香酚,异甲基丁香酚、黄樟醚为指标,测定长形肉豆蔻及其炮制品中这3种成分的含量变化,方法简便、灵敏、准确,为建立科学的长形肉豆蔻及其炮制品的质量标准及炮制原理解析提供了依据.     

长形肉豆蔻及单体成分的抗氧化活性研究

长形肉豆蔻(Myristica argentea Wrb.)为肉豆蔻属植物长形肉豆蔻的成熟种仁,其基源是中药肉豆蔻(Myristica fragrans Houtt.)的同科属植物.长形肉豆蔻主要分布在印度尼西亚等亚热带地区,我国使用的长形肉豆蔻主要依靠进口.在印度尼西亚,长形肉豆蔻作为民间药物,用于治疗胃痛、泄泻、痔疮等消化道疾病,而在我国则主要用做食用调味料.     

炮制对肉豆蔻挥发油含量的影响及肉豆蔻挥发油化学成分的研究

对肉豆蔻滑石粉烫、面裹煨和麦麸炒不同受热条件的炮制品挥发油含量变化进行了研究。结果表明,炮制的温度和时间对肉豆蔻挥发油的含量有显著影响。通过对肉豆蔻挥发油的气相色谱-质谱-计算机检测,定性鉴别出32种化合物,并用气相色谱法测定了各成分的百分含量。     

肉豆蔻与肉豆蔻衣及其炮制品的比较研究

比较了肉豆蔻与肉豆蔻衣及其炮制品中挥发油、肉豆蔻醚、黄樟醚、甲基丁香酚等成分的含量;脂肪油组成及含量;并用薄层色谱法比较了各样品挥发油的组成及肉豆蔻精的存在。     

维药肉豆蔻衣的生药鉴定

目的对维药肉豆蔻衣进行生药学研究,为其药材质量标准的制定提供科学依据和资料。方法采用性状、显微、粉末、理化和薄层色谱鉴别方法。结果描述、绘制了维药肉豆蔻衣性状、显微和粉末特征;建立了肉豆蔻衣的理化和薄层色谱鉴别方法。结论为维药肉豆蔻衣的鉴别、质量标准的制定及开发利用提供科学依据。     

肉豆蔻不同炮制品挥发油中肉豆蔻醚、黄樟醚的薄层扫描测定

用薄层扫描法测定了肉豆蔻不同炮制品挥发油中肉豆蔻醚、黄樟醚的含量,结果表明炮制后肉豆蔻醚明显降低,黄樟醚亦有所降低。其肉豆蔻醚含量是面煨<麸煨<滑石粉煨<生品。其毒性降低与肉豆蔻醚降低有关。     

肉豆蔻炮制研究

本文分析了肉豆蔻各种炮制品挥发油、脂肪油、微量元素含量,并对炮制品的固肠止泻作用进行了研究。炮制后肉豆蔻挥发油的脂肪油含量比生品低,其对肠管的抑制和对抗乙酰胆碱的作用比生品作用大,故肉豆蔻炮制后用于固肠止泻有其科学性。     

肉豆蔻不同炮制品挥发油中肉豆蔻醚、黄樟醚的薄层扫描测定

用薄层扫描法测定了肉豆蔻不同炮制品挥发油中肉豆蔻醚、黄樟醚的含量,结果表明炮制后肉豆蔻醚明显降低,黄樟醚亦有所降低。其肉豆蔻醚含量是面煨<麸煨<滑石粉煨<生品。其毒性降低与肉豆蔻醚降低有关。     

肉豆蔻炮制工艺研究

<正> 一、肉豆蔻炮制工艺沿革中药肉豆蔻历代都煨熟用,主要因其生品所含的挥发油有毒,服用过量产生晕眩、恶心、呕吐等现象。肉豆蔻炮制工艺早在南北朝刘宋《雷公炮     

维药肉豆蔻体内抗肿瘤及其免疫调节作用的实验研究

目的:研究维药肉豆蔻体内抗肿瘤作用和增强免疫功能。方法:利用小鼠移植性肿瘤实验观察维药肉豆蔻醇提物对其体内肿瘤细胞生长和免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的影响,并通过ANAE法检测维药肉豆蔻醇提物对T细胞阳性率的影响。结果:维药肉豆蔻维醇提物对S180肉瘤生长有一定抑制作用,各剂量组均可以提高免疫器官脏器指数,与模型组比具有显著性差异(p&lt;0.01);能够提高S180荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞的百分数。结论维药肉豆蔻有抗肿瘤和增强免疫功能作用。     

花椒，肉豆蔻防霉作用实验研究

目的：观察花椒、肉豆蔻对5种霉菌的抑制作用。方法：测定花椒、肉豆蔻挥发油,水提液对5种霉菌的MIC和MFC。结果：花椒、肉豆蔻挥发油成分有明显的抗菌作用;其挥发油成分成对5种霉菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度相等。结论：花椒、肉豆蔻是高效、安全、价廉的天然防霉药物,可广泛用于食物、中药材及其制品等领域的防霉。     

肉豆蔻树风害调查及处理

研究结果表明：肉豆蔻根系脆弱，分布浅，密集在地表２５ｃｍ土层；抗风力差，在１２级强台袭击下，受害率达１００％，断倒损失率７７．１４％，萌生力较强，３－４级风害树及时处理，存活率可达５７．６％，并能开花，结果。     

肉豆蔻炮制品的化学成分分离与鉴定

目的：对肉豆蔻Myristica fragrans Houtt．种仁炮制后的化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法：采用麦麸煨制法炮制肉豆蔻,SephadexLH-20和ODS反相硅胶柱色谱等方法对制肉豆蔻的95％乙醇提取物进行化学成分分离,结合理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果：从麸制肉豆蔻中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为消旋-去氢二异丁香酚[（±）-dehydro（liisoeugenol,1]、利卡灵-B（1icarin—B,2）、愈创木素（guaiacin,3）、肉豆蔻醚（myristicin,4）、malabariconeA（5）、malabariconeB（6）、malabanconeC（7）、β谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,8）、胡萝卜苷（daucosterol,9）。结论：化合物5～7为马拉巴酮衍生物,在生品中至今未见国内有分离报道,推测炮制使该类成分含量明显增加。     

Sedative hypnotic action of pala papua,Myristica argentea,in mice

An aqueous extract of the seed of Myristica argentea depressed motor activity and caffeine-induced excitement, and prolonged spontaneous and pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice; it also inhibited brief tonic spasm caused by pentobarbital before hypnosis. These actions are discussed by comparing them with those of nutmeg essential oil, the seed essential oil of Myristica fragrans.     

印度尼西亚产肉豆蔻挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的：分析印度尼西亚产肉豆蔻挥发油的化学成分,为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肉豆蔻挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果：检出93个色谱峰,鉴定出61个化合物,占总挥发油的97.62%。结论：印度尼西亚产肉豆蔻挥发油中的主要成分为单萜类化合物及其衍生物,占总挥发油的78.87%;酚类化合物为次要化学成分,占总挥发油的16.79%;挥发油中存在致动物基因毒性和突变性物质黄樟醚、致幻物质肉豆蔻醚和榄香脂素,提示应慎重使用肉豆蔻。     

肉豆蔻叶和种仁挥发油GC-MS分析

目的分析肉豆蔻叶片和种仁挥发油的化学成分,为其资源利用和质量评价提供依据。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用GC毛细管柱色谱法分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,利用GC-MS分析挥发油的化学成分。结果叶片中挥发油含量低于种仁。叶片中鉴定了46个化合物,种仁中鉴定了41个化合物;叶片和种仁挥发油中化学成分主要是单萜类和芳香类化合物。结论叶片和种仁化学成分大致相同,但相对含量有差异。叶片在产品开发上有较高的利用价值。     

云南肉豆蔻化学成分的研究

目的 :研究云南肉豆蔻地上部分的化学成分。方法 :正、反相硅胶柱色谱分离纯化 ,薄层色谱及光谱法进行结构鉴定。结果 :从乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分得 5个化合物 ,鉴定为otobain(Ⅰ) ,β-sitosterol(Ⅱ) ,er gosterol(Ⅲ) ,afzelin(Ⅳ)和quercetrin (Ⅴ )。 结论 :化合物Ⅳ和Ⅴ为首次从该属植物中分得。     

Anticonvulsant activities of nutmeg oil of Myristica fragrans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the volatile oil of nutmeg, the dried seed kernel of Myristica fragrans Houtt, using well‐established animal seizure models and to evaluate its potential for acute toxicity and acute neurotoxicity. The volatile oil of nutmeg (nutmeg oil) was tested for its effects in maximal electroshock, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and bicuculline seizure tests. All the experiments were performed at the time of peak effect of nutmeg oil. Nutmeg oil showed a rapid onset of action and short duration of anticonvulsant effect. It was found to possess significant anticonvulsant activity against electroshock‐induced hind limb tonic extension. It exhibited dose dependent anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole‐induced tonic seizures. It delayed the onset of hind limb tonic extensor jerks induced by strychnine. It was anticonvulsant at lower doses, whereas weak proconvulsant at a higher dose against pentylenetetrazole and bicuculline induced clonic seizures. Nutmeg oil was found to possess wide therapeutic margin, as it did not induce motor impairment when tested up to 600 µL/kg in the inverted screen acute neurotoxicity test. Furthermore, the LD₅₀ (2150 µL/kg) value was much higher than its anticonvulsant doses (50–300 µL/kg). The results indicate that nutmeg oil may be effective against grand mal and partial seizures, as it prevents seizure spread in a set of established animal models. Slight potentiation of clonic seizure activity limits its use for the treatment of myoclonic and absence seizures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antipromastigote activity of the malabaricones of Myristica malabarica (rampatri)

A major problem in the management of visceral leishmaniasis, especially in the Indian subcontinent, is the growing unresponsiveness to conventional antimonial therapy, indicating the urgent need to identify new antileishmanial compounds. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of the fruit rind of Myristica malabarica that is used as a spice and is also credited with medicinal properties. The antipromastigote activity of different extracts/fractions of M. malabarica and its constituent diarylnonanoids were evaluated in Leishmania donovani promastigotes (MHOM/IN/83/AG83) using the MTS-PMS assay. Preliminary screening of the ether extract (R1) with its crude methanol fraction (R2) and two fractions (R3 and R4) revealed that R2 had potent leishmanicidal activity (IC(50) 31.0 microg/mL), whereas R3 and R4 showed poor activity. Fractionation of R2 yielded four diarylnonanoids (malabaricones A-D, designated as Mal A, Mal B, Mal C and Mal D, respectively). The IC(50) values of Mal A-D were 16, 22, 27 and >50 microg/mL, respectively. Taken together, the data suggest that the methanol extract of M. malabarica, especially its constituent compounds, Mal A and Mal B, have promising antileishmanial activity meriting further investigations regarding the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of action with a view towards future drug development.