快速膜乳化-溶剂萃取/挥发法制备水飞蓟宾PLGA微球的工艺优选

目的:制备粒径均一的水飞蓟宾PLGA微球,并优选其制备工艺。方法:采用快速膜乳化-溶剂萃取/挥发法制备水飞蓟宾PLGA微球,以平均粒径和径距为指标,通过单因素试验考察油相溶剂、膜孔径、过膜压力、油水相体积比4个影响因素,正交试验考察药辅比、PVA质量分数及油水相体积比对制备工艺的影响;考察水飞蓟宾PLGA微球的平均粒径、粒径分布、载药量、包封率及形貌等理化性质。结果:SPG膜孔径2.8μm,过膜压力1.0 MPa,离心20 min,固化液为生理盐水;水飞蓟宾PLGA微球的最佳制备工艺为药辅比1∶4,PVA质量分数3%,油水相体积比1∶19。制备的微球圆整度好、表面光滑,平均粒径(2.634±0.35)μm,径距(13.326±3.06),载药量(14.84±0.76)%,包封率(56.16±3.77)%。结论:快速膜乳化法可用于制备中药难溶性成分水飞蓟宾PLGA微球,且制备的微球粒径均一可控。     

正交试验设计优选九节龙皂苷Ⅰ聚乳酸微球的制备工艺

目的 筛选溶剂蒸发法制备九节龙皂苷Ⅰ聚乳酸微球(ADS-Ⅰ-PLA-MS)最佳工艺.方法 采用HPLC-ELSD测定方法,以包封率和载药量为评价指标,W/O/W溶剂蒸发法制备微球;通过单因素和正交试验设计,考察内水相九节龙皂苷Ⅰ (ADS-Ⅰ)甲醇溶液的质量浓度、ADS-Ⅰ甲醇溶液与聚乳酸(PLA)二氯甲烷溶液体积比、PLA二氯甲烷溶液质量浓度和聚乙烯醇(PVA)体积等因素对ADS-Ⅰ-PLA-MS包封率及载药量的影响.结果 溶剂蒸发法制备ADS-Ⅰ-PLA-MS的最佳工艺条件为ADS-Ⅰ甲醇溶液质量浓度为8 mg/mL、ADS-Ⅰ甲醇溶液与PLA二氯甲烷溶液体积比为1∶13、PLA二氯甲烷溶液质量浓度为90 mg/mL、PVA体积为500 mL.结论 优选出的ADS-Ⅰ-PLA-MS制备工艺合理可行.     

HPLC法测定穿心莲总内酯固体脂质纳米粒载药量与包封率

目的 建立HPLC法同时测定穿心莲总内酯固体脂质纳米粒中穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯、14-去氧穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的载药量和包封率的方法.方法 采用Kromasil C18( 150 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙睛-水(30∶70);体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长λ分别为226、210、252 rm;柱温35℃.采用超滤法分离穿心莲总内酯固体脂质纳米粒与游离药物测定包封率.结果 穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯、14-去氧穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯分离良好,质量浓度分别在1.606～200.8 μg/mL、1.648～ 206.0 μg/mL、1.590 ～ 198.4μg/mL、1.640～ 205.6 μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积均呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为( 100.98±1.88)％、(101.32±1.76)％、(100.80±1.64)％和(100.30±2.07)％,精密度和稳定性均较好.超滤法回收率分别为(102.36±1.12)％、(100.12±0.76)％、(99.00±3.67)％、( 100.26±2.54)％.4种成分的重复性实验的RSD均小于2.20％.3批穿心莲总内酯固体脂质纳米粒中穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯、14-去氧穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的包封率分别为(80.04±0.69)％、(94.94±3.87)％、(92.17±1.60)％和(97.65±0.68)％,载药量分别为(4.11±0.04)％、(0.56±0.02)％、(0.15±0.00)％和(0.18±0.00)％.结论 HPLC测定方法准确可靠、简单快速,可用于穿心莲总内酯固体脂质纳米粒的载药量与包封率的测定.     

丹参酮Ⅱ_A-PLGA-硬脂酸复合微球的制备

目的:优选丹参酮Ⅱ_A复合微球(SP-TA-MS)处方,并考察其药剂学性能。方法:以硬脂酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为复合载体材料,采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备SP-TA-MS,以微球外观形态、包封率为主要评价指标,单因素考察筛选处方,并研究其体外释药性能。扫描电镜(SEM)观察外观形态,激光粒度仪测定粒径,傅里叶红外光谱扫描(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对最佳处方制备所得微球进行物相表征分析。结果:SP-TA-MS最佳处方为:投药量40 mg,硬脂酸40 mg,PLGA 100 mg,PVA质量分数为1%,二氯甲烷-丙酮体积比为1.8∶0.2,搅拌速度为1 400 r/min;载药量为(21.99±0.15)%,包封率为(98.81±0.50)%;显微镜下无肉眼可见丹参酮Ⅱ_A(TA)晶体,微球基本圆整,平均粒径为(79.79±0.75)μm;物相考察结果表明药物多数以无定型形式存在于微球中。结论:制得的SP-TA-MS可为其新剂型的研究提供参考。     

以牛血清白蛋白为稳定剂制备紫檀茋聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米粒及口服药动学研究

目的 优化牛血清白蛋白修饰紫檀茋聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]纳米粒（bovine serum albumin-modified pterostilbene PLGA nanoparticles,BSA-Pte-PLGA-NPs）处方,进行体外及体内评价。方法 纳米沉淀法制备BSA-Pte-PLGA-NPs,以包封率、载药量和粒径大小为评价指标,单因素结合Box-Behnken效应面设计法筛选BSAPte-PLGA-NPs最优处方。采用乳糖作为冻干保护剂将BSA-Pte-PLGA-NPs制备成冻干粉,并进行表征。SD大鼠分为紫檀茋原料药组、物理混合物组和BSA-Pte-PLGA-NPs组,按40 mg/kg（以紫檀茋计）剂量ig给药,测定血药浓度,计算主要药动学参数及相对生物利用度。结果 BSA-Pte-PLGA-NPs最佳处方为BSA质量浓度为19.0 mg/mL、载药比为8.8∶1、水相与有机相体积比为8∶1。BSA-Pte-PLGA-NPs包封率为（86.69±1.81）%,载药量为（9.02±0.37）%,粒径为（...     

SPG膜乳化法制备丹参酮ⅡA聚乳酸-羟基乙酸微球的工艺优化

目的：优选SPG膜乳化法制备丹参酮Ⅱ_A-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸（PLGA）微球的工艺条件。方法：采用SPG膜乳化法制备丹参酮Ⅱ_A-PLGA微球。在单因素试验基础上,以载药量、包封率及多分散系数（PDI）的综合评分为因变量,通过响应面法考察PLGA质量浓度、流动相流速、聚乙烯醇（PVA）质量浓度及油水相体积比等自变量对处方工艺的影响。结果：最佳处方工艺为PLGA质量浓度44.29 g·L^-1,流动相流速825.68 r·min^-1,PVA质量浓度2.5 g·L^-1,油水相体积比1：7.86;制备的丹参酮Ⅱ_A-PLGA微球表面光滑圆整且粒径均一,平均粒径2.338 μm,PDI指数0.328,载药量1.20%,包封率89.57%,与预测值相对误差较小。结论：采用SPG膜乳化法制备微球的工艺简单、方便,可用于提高丹参酮Ⅱ_A的生物利用度。     

星点设计-效应面法优化丁香苦苷聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纳米粒的制备工艺

目的优化丁香苦苷聚乳酸(Syr)-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]纳米粒(Syr-NPs)的处方。方法采用纳米沉淀法制备Syr-NPs,以包封率、载药量、平均粒径以及总评"归一值"为评价指标,采用星点设计-效应面法考察PLGA质量浓度(A)、丁香苦苷质量浓度(B)、水相与有机相比例(C)3因素考察对包封率、载药量、平均粒径以及总评归一值的影响,以星点设计-效应面法选取最佳处方条件进行预测分析。结果最优处方工艺为PLGA质量浓度为9.63 mg/mL,Syr质量浓度为12.88 mg/mL,有机相与水相的比例为1∶9.46,制得的Syr-NPs的包封率、载药量、平均粒径分别为(27.86±0.87)%、(7.02±0.15)%、(110.0±1.20)nm。结论该方法稳定可行,可用于优化包载Syr的PLGA纳米粒处方与制备工艺。     

星点设计-效应面法优化天山雪莲传递体制备处方

目的:优化天山雪莲传递体的处方.方法:注入-高剪切分散法制备天山雪莲传递体,以绿原酸和芦丁包封率、载药量、传递体平均粒径及归一化值为评价指标,以磷脂浓度、药脂比(质量比)、油水相体积比为考察因素,星点设计-效应面法优化处方,实验结果进行多元线性和二项式非线性方程拟合,效应面法确定最佳处方配比.结果:二项式是描述各指标与因素之间的最佳模型.以绿原酸为指标的包封率83.44％,载药量4.65％;以芦丁为指标的包封率70.69％,载药量3.94％,载药传递体平均粒径154.6 nm,理论预测值与实测值偏差较小,模型具有良好的预测性.结论:星点设计-效应面优化法筛选天山雪莲传递体是一种简便、可行的实验设计方法.     

载柚皮素的牛血清白蛋白修饰PLGA纳米粒的制备

目的制备载柚皮素的牛血清白蛋白修饰聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒。方法以牛血清白蛋白为乳化剂,乳化-溶剂挥发法制备纳米粒。以超声功率、超声时间、牛血清白蛋白质量浓度、PLGA质量浓度、油水相比例、投药量为影响因素,粒径、PDI、包封率、载药量为评价指标,单因素试验优化处方。透射电镜观察纳米粒形态和大小,透析法测定其体外释药行为。结果最优处方为超声功率600 W,超声时间4 min,牛血清白蛋白质量浓度20 mg/mL,PLGA质量浓度12.5 mg/mL,油水相比例2∶8,投药量5 mg。所得纳米粒呈球形和核-壳结构,平均粒径为(98.3±2.34)nm,PDI为0.149±0.012,包封率约为90%,4℃下14 d内粒径、PDI、包封率、载药量无明显变化,24 h内累积释放度约为80%。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于制备稳定性高、缓释作用明显的载柚皮素的牛血清白蛋白修饰PLGA纳米粒。     

载槐定碱PLGA微球制备工艺的优化

目的优化载槐定碱聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球的制备工艺。方法采用O/O乳化溶剂蒸发法,制备PLGA微球。以形态、粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释放度为指标,单因素试验优化工艺。结果制得的微球圆整、均匀,平均粒径(17.16±3.94)μm,包封率(66.98±0.48)%,体外突释较低,缓释12 d时的释药量达90%。结论该制备工艺稳定可行,所得槐定碱PLGA微球的载药量与包封率较高,缓释显著。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.