石山巴豆枝叶中1个新的降克罗烷二萜

目的研究石山巴豆Crotoneuryphyllus枝叶中的二萜成分。方法综合运用硅胶、MCI、高效液相等色谱技术进行化合物的分离纯化,根据化合物的波谱数据分析与文献比对进行结构鉴定。结果从石山巴豆枝叶95%提取物的石油醚部位中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为crotoeurin D(1)、mallotucin C(2)、mallotucin D(3)、plaunotol(4)。结论化合物1为新的降克罗烷二萜,命名为石山巴豆素D;化合物2～4均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

湖南金疮小草资源调查研究

目的:调查金疮小草在湖南省的分布、生境与资源量,为进一步研究打下基础。方法:文献、标本研究与走访调查、野外调查相结合。结果:金疮小草为夏眠植物,湖南广泛分布,湘中湘东丘陵地区资源量较大。结论:湖南省金疮小草资源较多,民间广泛运用,疗效显著,具有较好的开发利用价值,但南岭山脉地区资源有减少的趋势,故有必要对金疮小草资源合理开发利用进行规划,并开展野生变家种的研究。     

甘遂中麻风树烷型大环二萜类化学成分研究

目的：研究甘遂Euphorbia kansui中麻风树烷型大环二萜类的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术进行分离，通过NMR等波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。结果：分离并鉴定出3个麻风树烷型大环二萜，分别为甘遂宁D1（kansuinin D1,1），甘遂宁D（kansuinin D，2）和甘遂宁A（kansuinin A，3）。结论：其中化合物1为新化合物。     

半枝莲中1个新克罗烷二萜化合物

目的研究半枝莲Scutellaria barbata全草的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、MCI、反相ODS和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱进行分离和纯化,通过HR-ESI-MS、NMR、2D-NMR等波谱数据确定化合物的结构。结果从半枝莲全草提取物中分离得到1个新克罗烷二萜,鉴定为(13R)-7β-羟基-8,13-螺-6α,11β-二乙酰氧基-3-烯-15,16-新克罗烷内酯。结论化合物1为新的新克罗烷二萜化合物,命名为半枝莲二萜J。     

盔状黄芩中的新克罗烷型二萜化合物

应用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及高效制备薄层等方法对盔状黄芩中的二萜单体进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据对其化学结构进行解析,发现并鉴定了14个新克罗烷型二萜,分别为半枝莲碱D(1),scutolide A(2),scutolide K(3),scutebata J(4),scutebata I(5),6-乙酰氧基河南半枝莲碱A(6),半枝莲素C(7),scutolide E(8),barbatine C(9),半枝莲碱Y(10),半枝莲碱B(11),scutestrigillosin A(12),scutebata O(13),scutolide B(14)。化合物1~14均为首次从盔状黄芩中发现。     

冬凌草中三个新的对映-贝壳杉烷二萜及其细胞毒活性

目的：研究产自湖北省建始县的冬凌草（1sodon rubescens）地上部分的化学成分;方法：利用正反相硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等现代分离技术进行分离;通过IR,UVMS,NMR等波谱方法鉴定了化合物结构式;对化合物1进行了单晶X-射线衍射分析,确定了其绝对构型;化合物1_9进行了对HL-60,SMMC-7721,A-549,MCF-7和SW-480细胞株的体外细胞毒活性测定：结果：分离鉴定了8个对映-贝壳杉烷二萜和1个对映-赤霉烷二萜;结论：建始冬凌草庚素-壬素（1-3）为新化合物,其中2是一个少见的、3位为半缩酮结构的3,20-环氧-对映-贝壳杉烷二萜;所有受试化合物中,4和5对某些细胞株表现出一定的体外抗增殖活性。     

月腺大戟的化学成分

目的：研究月腺大戟（Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata）植物根部中的化学成分。方法：采用各种色谱方法分离纯化化合物,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果：分离得到8个化合物,分别被鉴定为：巨大戟二萜-3-肉豆蔻酸酯（1）、巨大戟二萜-3-棕榈酸酯（2）、9,19-环阿尔廷-23E-稀-3β,25-二醇（3）、24-亚甲基环阿尔廷烷-3,28-二醇（4）、β-香树酯醇乙酸酯（5）、狼毒乙素（6）、2,4-二羟基-6-甲氧基-3-醛基苯乙酮（7）和月腺大戟素A（8）。结论：化合物1~4均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

二齿香科科化学成分的研究

从二齿香科科的乙醇提取物的丙酮部分首次分离得到2个克罗烷类二萜化合物,根据其理化性质和光谱数据分别鉴定为teucvin和teuperninA。     

小鱼眼草脂溶性成分研究

 目的 研究小鱼眼草（Dichrocephala benthamii C. B. Clarke)全草的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱方法进行分离纯化,通过波谱学方法及与文献对照鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为正十六烷酸（1）、1-硬脂酸甘油酯（2）、硬脂酸乙酯（3）、二十三烷酸（4）、二十四烷酸（5）、二十八烷（6）、三十二烷酸（7）、3,5-二羟基- 6,7,3′,4′ -四甲氧基黄酮（8）、金腰素乙（9）、千层纸素 A（10）、芹菜素（11）、对羟基苯乙酮（12）、对羟基苯甲醛（13）、芦荟大黄素（14）、大黄酚（15）、大黄素甲醚（16）、花椒油素（17）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（18）。结论 除化合物18外,其余化合物均为首次从鱼眼草属植物中分离得到。     

黄花香茶菜的二萜成分研究

目的：研究黄花香茶菜Isodon sculponeata(Vanior)Hara的化学成分。方法：利用反复硅胶柱层析进行分离和纯化,通过理化方法及光谱分析鉴定其结构。结果：从黄花香茶菜占的丙酮提取物中分得6个对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物,其中一个为新化合物,命为为黄花香茶菜戊素（sculponeatin,E,Ⅰ）,其余二萜化合物分别鉴定为延命草素（enmein,Ⅱ),epinodosin(Ⅲ),epinodosinol(Ⅳ),大萼变形甲素（macrocalyxoforminA,Ⅴ)和大萼变型乙素（macrocalyxoforminB,Ⅵ).结论：化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,化合物Ⅳ和Ⅵ系首次从该植物中分得。     

Bioactive neo-clerodane diterpenoids from the whole plants of Ajuga ciliata Bunge

Ten new neo-clerodane diterpenes, ajugaciliatins A-J (1-5, 8-12), along with 17 known analogues (6, 7, 13-27) were isolated from the whole plants of Ajuga ciliata Bunge. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis (IR, ESIMS, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), and the configuration of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All of the compounds were assessed for neuroprotective effects against MPP(+)-induced neuronal cell death in dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Compounds 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15-17, 19, and 20 exhibited moderate neuroprotective effects.     

Neo-clerodane diterpenes from the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum

Seven new neo-clerodane diterpenes, salvidivins A (2), B, (3), C (4), and D (5), salvinorins H (6) and I (7), and divinatorin [corrected] F (8), along with eight known neo-clerodane diterpenes, salvinorins A (1)-F, divinatorins A and B, and seven other constituents, were isolated from the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum. The structures of 1-7 were elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR spectroscopic studies.     

neo-Clerodane diterpenoids from Ajuga bracteosa

Different neo-clerodane diterpenoids were isolated from a dichloromethane extract of Ajuga bracteosa depending on the isolation procedure used, owing to the labile nature of these tetrahydrofurofuran derivatives. Under "hydroxyl-free" purification conditions, both clerodin- and dihydroclerodin-type diterpenes were obtained [four new compounds, ajubractins A-D (1-4), along with clerodin (5), 3-epi-caryoptin (6), ajugapitin (7), 14,15-dihydroclerodin (8), 3-epi-14,15-dihydrocaryoptin (9), ivain II (10), and 14,15-dihydroajugapitin (11)]. When methanol-water mixtures were used for a C18 reversed-phase prepurification procedure and for semipreparative HPLC, the new ajubractin E (12) was also isolated along with 3 and 8-11, as previously, but 7 was the only tetrahydrofurofuran derivative obtained. Epimeric (15R and 15S) mixtures were obtained instead of 14-hydro-15-hydroxyclerodin derivatives [15-hydroxyajubractin C (13), 14-hydro-15-hydroxyajugachin A (14), and 14-hydro-15-hydroxyajugapitin (15)], along with 15-epi-lupulin B (16). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS data analysis and by comparison with values previously reported. Antifeedant activity against Spodoptera littoralis larvae was evaluated for the compounds obtained.     

Vasoconstrictor activity of 8-O-acetylharpagide from Ajuga reptans.

The traditional therapeutic indications for the use of Ajuga reptans (Labiatae) have been investigated. The H2O-soluble part of a crude and partially purified MeOH extract and two isolated iridoids (8-O-acetylharpagide and harpagide), were tested for a biological activity on isolated smooth muscle preparations from guinea pig.     

Vasorelaxant effect of the aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in rat aorta

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ex vivo and in vitro vascular activity of the aqueous extract of Ajuga iva (L.) Schreber (Labiatae) in normotensive Wistar rats. Chronic oral administration of the extract of Ajuga iva did not significantly affect the systolic blood pressure. In aorta isolated from Ajuga iva-treated rats, the contractile response to noradrenaline was depressed compared to the responses obtained in aorta from untreated rats but the endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by acetylcholine was not affected. In vitro, Ajuga iva extract inhibited the contraction evoked by noradrenaline. The addition of Ajuga iva extract during the plateau phase of noradrenaline-evoked contraction produced a relaxation that was sensitive to N-nitro-L-arginine. After pre-incubation of the artery in the presence of the plant extract, vasorelaxant effect was markedly less pronounced. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine was concentration-dependently blunted in the presence of Ajuga iva extract in the bathing solution. This study indicates that the aqueous extract of Ajuga iva possesses NO-mediated and NO-independent vasorelaxing properties in vitro while only the endothelium-independent effect was observed ex vivo.     

New stigmastane sterols from Ajuga salicifolia

A new sterol, ajugasalicigenin (1), and three new sterol glycosides, ajugasaliciosides F-H (2-4), were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of Ajuga salicifolia. Compounds 1-4 are further representatives of the stigmastane type of sterols. Their cytotoxicity against KB (HeLa) and Jurkat T cancer cells was evaluated.     

Vasorelaxant effect of new neo-clerodane diterpenoids isolated from Croton schiedeanus

The vasorelaxant effect of two new neo-clerodane diterpenoids, (12R)-12-hydroxycascarillone and 5beta-hydroxy-cis-dehydrocrotonin, in addition to the known cis-dehydrocrotonin and trans-dehydrocrotonin, all them previously isolated by us from Croton schiedeanus Schlecht, was studied in isolated aorta rings contracted by high K+ (80 mM) or phenylephrine (1 microM). According to their IC50 values to KCl induced contraction, the potency order was (12R)-12-hydroxycascarillone > cis-dehydrocrotonin > 5beta-hydroxy-cis-dehydrocrotonin > trans-dehydrocrotonin (0.3, 1.5, 96 and >100 mM, respectively). The possible cooperativity between diterpenoid compounds and the predominant flavonoid (ayanin) was studied. The vasorelaxant activity of cis-dehydrocrotonin and ayanin was increased when both compounds were incorporated simultaneously to the aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine. These results suggest that Croton schiedeanus induces its effects via the synergistic actions of several vasodilator substances, among which neo-clerodane diterpenoids play an important role.     

7-O-6'-O-malonylcachinesidic acid, a new macrocyclic iridoid ester of malonic acid from the Tunisian plant Ajuga pseudoiva

A new iridoid glucoside, 7-O-6'-O-malonylcachinesidic acid (1), was isolated from the leaves of Ajuga pseudoiva and characterized as its triacetyl derivative (1a). Its structure was established by spectroscopic methods and showed an unusual feature, in which an alcoholic function of the iridoid moiety and the primary alcohol of a glucopyranose unit form a 13-membered heterocycle with malonic acid.     

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ajuga bracteosa Wall Ex Benth. mediated through cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ajuga bracteosa Wall Ex Benth. (Labiateae) is described in Ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatism, gout, palsy and amenorrhea.

Aim of the study

The aim of present investigation is to study anti-inflammatory activity of Ajuga bracteosa, to understand possible mechanism of action and to identify the constituents responsible for its activity.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory activity of 70% ethanolic extract was evaluated in TPA-induced mouse ear edema assay and in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity was determined using EIA kits employing appropriate reference standards. Aajugarin I, lupulin A, withaferin A, reptoside and 6-deoxyharpagide were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract by silica gel column chromatography.

Results

The 70% ethanol extract of whole plants of Ajuga bracteosa showed a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in an acute inflammation model at the dose of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ear. The extract also exhibited a strong in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity at 25 and 50 μg/mL concentration. Among the isolated compounds 6-deoxyharpagide exhibited highest COX-2 inhibition while rest of the compounds exhibited weak to moderate COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at 30 μM concentration.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the 70% ethanol extract of Ajuga bracteosa possesses promising anti-inflammatory activity, which is possibly mediated through inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The isolated constituents could be responsible in part for its anti-inflammatory and COX inhibitory activity. The study supports traditional use of Ajuga bracteosa for inflammatory diseases.     

白毛夏枯草止咳化痰化学部位初步生物活性筛选

目的:初步确定中药白毛夏枯草镇咳、祛痰作用的成分。方法:白毛夏枯草的提取物依次用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,得到3个部位。小鼠被灌胃给予石油醚部位2.1g.kg-1,醋酸乙酯部位1.47g.kg-1,正丁醇部位1.71g.kg-1,记录浓氨水引起小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期和5min内的咳嗽次数。此外,计算小鼠呼吸道排出的酚红量。同时,通过3个部位的HPLC图谱的色谱峰平行比较其化学成分。结果:3个部位中的醋酸乙酯部位能显著延长潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数,同时增加酚红的排出量。而且,木犀草素和芹菜素被证实存在在这个部位。结论:白毛夏枯草醋酸乙酯部位有镇咳、祛痰作用,其中含有的木犀草素和芹菜素可能是其中的2个活性成分。