水朝阳旋覆花的倍半萜内酯类化合物

目的:研究水朝阳旋覆花Inula helianthus-aquatica地上部分中的倍半萜内酯类化学成分。方法:应用硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,以及高效液相制备色谱等方法分离和纯化化合物,再通过运用光谱学方法,结合化合物的理化性质来鉴定结构。结果:从水朝阳旋覆花的地上部分分离得到7个倍半萜内酯类和4个其他类的化合物,并且依次鉴定为2-desoxy-4-epi-pulchellin(1),6-acetoxy-4-hydroxy-1,10H-pseudoguaia-11(13)-en-12,8-olide(2),4-acetoxy-6-hydroxy-1,10H-pseud-oguaia-11(13)-en-12,8-olide(3),8-epi-inuviscolide(4),2,3,11,13-tetrahydroaromaticin(5),11,13-dihydro-ergolide(6),4-epip-ulchellin-2-O-acetate(7),7-差向黑麦草内酯(8),黑麦草内酯(9),β-谷甾醇(10),胡萝卜苷(11)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

水朝阳旋覆花中的7个倍半萜内酯

目的:研究水朝阳旋覆花Inula helianthus-aquatica花序中的化学成分。方法:运用正/反相硅胶柱色谱、SephadexHL-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等色谱方法分离纯化化合物,利用MS,NMR等波谱学技术鉴定化合物结构。结果:从水朝阳旋覆花的花中分离鉴定出7个倍半萜内酯化合物:芳香堆心菊素(1),8-表-堆心菊内酯(2),水朝阳内酯(3),6-表-去乙酰基异薄菊灵(4),天名精内酯(5),2,3-二氢芳香堆芯菊素(6),二氢锦菊素(7)。结论:化合物12,,4,5为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

三角叶凤毛菊中的三萜化合物

目的:研究三角叶凤毛菊Saussurea deltoidea(DC.)Schulz-Bip.中具有抗肿瘤活性的三萜类化学成分。方法:利用正/反相硅胶柱色谱色谱、凝胶分子筛色谱、HPLC等色谱学方法分离、纯化化合物,运用波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。结果:从三角叶凤毛菊乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离鉴定出7个三萜类化合物,其结构分别为:taraxast-20-ene-3β,3-O-diol(1),3β-hydroxy-11-oxo-ursan-12-ene(2),3β-hydroxy-taraxast-20-ene-30-aldehyde(3),21α-hydroxy-taraxasterol(4),ursan-9(11),12-diene-3β-ol(5),ursan-9(11),12-diene-3β-O-acetate(6),3β-hydroxy-9(11),12-diene-oleanol(7)。结论:7个三萜类化合物都是首次从该植物中分离得到。     

雪莲内酯类成分的研究

目的:研究雪莲的化学成分.方法:应用各种色谱方法进行分离;应用现代波谱学分析方法鉴定化合物.结果:从雪莲的乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为:β-谷甾醇(1),三十二烷酸(2),hexacosan-4-olide(3),(+)-11α,13-二氢去氢木香内酯(4),8α-acetoxydehydrocostus lactone (5),zaluzanin C(6),11,13α-dihydrozaluzanin C (7),8β-hydroxy-11β-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(8).结论:化合物2～7均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

鸡肉参的化学成分研究

目的:研究鸡肉参的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和制备薄层色谱进行分离,应用NMR和MS等谱学方法鉴定化合物结构.结果:从鸡肉参三氯甲烷部位分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为:1-O-methyl-guaiacylglycerol(1),1-O-femloyl-3-O-26"-hydroxyhexacosoyl glycerol(2),角蒿酯碱(incarvine D,3),piceid(4),6'-8"E,11"E-octadecadienoylclionasterol-3-glucoside(5),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,6),β-胡萝卜苷(β-daucosterol,7).结论:化合物1,2为新化合物,化合物3～7为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物4,5系首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

云木香化学成分研究Ⅱ

目的:为了研究菊科风毛菊属植物云木香的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20和反相RP-18柱色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过波谱数据鉴定结构.结果:分离鉴定了8个化合物,1β-hydroxycolartin(1),5α-hydroxy-β-costic acid(2),11α,13-dihydroxydehidrocostuslactone(3),11,13-dihydro-7,11-dehydro-13-hydroxy-3-desoxyzaluzanin C(4),8α-hydroxyl-11β-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(5),soulangianolide A(6),丁香树酯醇(syringaresinol,7),东莨菪内酯(scopoletin,8).结论:化合物1～4,6～8为首次从该属植物中分离,化合物5为首次从该植物中分离.     

藏药短管兔耳草的化学成分研究

目的:对藏药短管兔耳草的化学成分进行研究。方法:用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱和半制备HPLC等方法分离纯化化合物,并用波谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从藏药短管兔耳草石油醚提取物和醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到8个化合物,经鉴定分别为β-谷甾醇(1),琥珀酸(2),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),芹菜素(5),柯伊利素(6),柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)和芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)。结论:化合物4~8为首次从该植物中分离得到,7和8为首次从该属植物中发现。     

三角叶凤毛菊中类异戊二烯和苯丙素类化学成分

目的:研究菊科药用植物三角叶凤毛菊Saussurea deltoidea的化学成分.方法:利用正/反相硅胶柱层析色谱、凝胶分子筛色谱、HPLC等色谱方法进行化合物的分离,利用波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构.结果:从三角叶凤毛菊中分离出10个化合物,其结构分别鉴定为(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7 -megastigmadien-9 -one(1),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2),3 -h ydroxy-β-damascone(3),S-(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(4),megastigman-5 -ene-3β,9R-diol(5),coniferaldehyde(6),β-hydroxypropiovanillone (7),3-hydroxy-1- (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (8),dihydrosyringenin(9),4-[(1S)-3-hydroxy-1-methoxypropyl]-2,6-dimenthoxyphenol( 10).结论:化合物1～10均是首次从该植物中分离得到.     

野菊花的化学成分

目的:研究野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum的化学成分。方法:利用多种色谱方法进行分离,并用各种波谱学方法和色谱学方法进行鉴定。结果:共鉴定了13个化合物,刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1),木犀草素(2),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),蒙花苷(4),刺槐素7-O-(6″-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-β-槐糖苷(5),绿原酸(6),丁香树脂醇4″-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),5,7-二羟基色原酮(8),尿嘧啶(9),对羟基苯甲酸(10),4-O-β-D-葡萄糖氧基苯甲酸(11),boscialin(12),blumenol A(13)。结论:化合物5,7,8,11~13为首次从野菊花中分离得到。     

巴东醉鱼草化学成分研究

目的:对巴东醉鱼草地上部分化学成分进行研究.方法:利用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱进行分离纯化,并运用现代波谱技术进行结构鉴定.结果:从巴东醉鱼草地上部分分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为:木犀草素(1),槲皮素(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),洋芹素(4),洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),洋芹素-7-O-新橙皮苷(6),金合欢素-7-O-a-L-鼠李糖(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),cmnioside A(8),acetylmartynoside B(9),4"-O-acety-lmartynoside(10),异角胡麻苷(11).结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中得到,其中化合物8首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。