中药药性理论现代研究概况

本文对"中药药性理论"的概念及其内涵,从"中药的药性与药性的化学成分研究"、"中药药性多维性的研究"、"中药药性与功效的关系研究"、"中药药性的基因组学研究"等多方面进行探讨,从而对中药药性理论有新的认识.     

中药药性与功效关联性的研究分析及展望

中药药性理论是指导中医临床用药的重要依据,中药药性可以概括归纳为四气、五味、归经、升降浮沉等内容.根据药性不同,药物具有各自的功效作用和特性.性效关联性即研究药性与功效之间的关联,一方面说明了性效之间存在何种关联;另一方面提出了性效关联的研究方向主要应从具有特征性和临床应用价值等方面深入系统地进行分析.基于临床病证的前提,按照中医"辨证用药"的原则,阐明药性与功效两者之间的有机联系,有助于揭示中药药性本质的科学内涵.     

中药药性组合及其与功效的关系研究

中药药性是中药理论研究的重要内容之一，目前研究主要局限于单一药性或两类药性（气、味）的研究，难以全面反映基于中药药性的用药规律。为此，本文提出气、味、归经药性组合与功效关系的研究，通过对2005版《中华人民共和国药典》中药性及其功效数据的统计，得到235种药性组合，利用数据挖掘技术对药性组合与功效之间的关系进行了关联分析，明确了每种药性组合的主要功效。研究结果表明，药性组合有助于多角度、多层次地揭示中药的作用规律，丰富和发展中药药性理论，为中药新药的研制和中医药临床疗效的提高提供理论依据。     

中药药性理论复杂性特征分析

中药药性是在中医理论指导下总结的反映药物及其作用性质的概念。中药药性理论是研究中药药性的形成机制及运用规律的理论,包括四气、五味、归经、升降沉浮、有毒无毒等。从发生学上看,中药药性理论与药物本体及药物作用密切相关,并且深受阴阳五行、取象比类等哲学思想影响,具有复杂性特征。主要表现在第一,药性的形成具有多源性特征,其早期的确定途径不唯一,其对应的功效作用不唯一;第二,药性的表达具有多样性特征,其表征指标多样,其实际表达的影响因素多样。中药药性理论的现代研究应关注这些复杂性特征,注意药性与功效的辩证统一,在尊重个性的基础上寻找共性。     

中药药性理论模型化表征方法研究思路

本研究尝试创立一种基于药性位势模型与功效知识元网格的模型化表征方法，并藉以探讨中药四气-五味-归经-功效之间的内在关联规律，从而对中药药性理论的科学内涵进行现代诠释。本研究将使中药传统药性理论知识体系呈现开放性，并为实现中药药性数字化表征开辟新的途径，也可为探讨中药配伍理论的内涵提供新的思路和方法。     

中药功效分类与药性系统间的内在规律研究

以中国中医药出版社出版的<临床中药学>教材为蓝本,统计分析326种常用中药的功效分类与中药药性(性能)之间的关联性,总结规律,拟为深入探索中药药性理论的科学内涵提供研究思路.结果 显示,不同类别中药具有特定的"四性-五味-归经-作用趋向"(药性系统)构架,与功效有着必然联系,且具有规律性.因此,主张以功效为线索,按类把握药性系统构架特征,探索各个性能之间的内在规律,并关注每类药物的物质基础在药性系统中其生物效应表达的特异性、层次性,以科学阐释中药的"性一效"内涵.     

中药药性与功效关联规则的探究

目的:揭示中药药性与功效的关联规则。方法:以中药性效为主线,结合中医中药基础理论,探究分析2005年版《中国药典》所载525味中药药性与功效的关联性,归纳分析药性组合群与功效群。结果:发现单味中药大部分药性组合与功效相统一,部分药性组合没有相对应的功效,部分功效没有相对应的药性组合;不同中药相同的药性组合与功效的关联符合一定的规则;不同中药同一功效对应的药性组合也符合一定的规则。结论:以中药"四气-五味-归经-功效"为主线开展中药性效关联的研究,全面阐述中药药性、功效的关联性,构建中药"药性组合群"和"功效群",方能揭示中药药性、功效关联的科学内涵。     

药性动静理论探析

动静药性，用以表示药物的走守属性，是中药药性理论的组成内容之一，对于方剂组方配伍具有积极的指导意义，但至今尚无系统的理论阐述。本文着重分析动静药性的作用特点和功效应用，探讨走守药性论的其学术内涵，以期丰富中药药性理论，更好的指导中药的临床应用。     

中药药性理论模型化表征方法研究思路

本研究尝试创立一种基于药性位势模型与功效知识元网格的模型化表征方法，并藉以探讨中药四气－五味－归经－功效之间的内在关联规律，从而对中药药性理论的科学内涵进行现代诠释。本研究将使中药传统药性理论知识体系呈现开放性，并为实现中药药性数字化表征开辟新的途径，也可为探讨中药配伍理论的内涵提供新的思路和方法。     

试论中药药性多重性

通过对药性理论的文献研究,同时结合实验研究成果和前人实际用药经验,论述了中药药性多重性历史沿革,并从中药物质基础、中药功效、中药复方等方面,探讨了中药药性多重性的客观存在性,中药药性多重性对于充分理解中药药性理论,以及解决历代本草著作中对同一中药药性标注不一致等方面有重要的参考价值。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.