假奓包叶抗菌活性成分的研究(2)

目的:研究假奓包叶的抗菌活性成分.方法:在抗菌药理活性跟踪下,应用多种色谱技术进行化合物分离,运用波谱分析法和化学手段鉴定其结构.结果:从乙醚萃取部位和正丁醇萃取部位共分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为5,7-二羟基-4'-甲氧基黄酮(1)、槲皮素(2)、洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、洋芹素-7-O-新橙皮苷(4)、木犀草素-7-O-新橙皮苷(5)、没食子酸(6)和β-胡萝卜苷(7).结论:化合物1～6为首次从假爹包叶属植物中得到,并有一定的抑制大肠杆菌的活性;化合物6还具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的活性.     

假奓包叶根皮部位化学成分研究

目的:对假奓包叶的根皮进行化学成分研究。方法:采用硅胶、聚酰胺柱层析进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱技术鉴定化合物结构。结果:从假奓包叶根皮中分离得到了10个化合物,经鉴定分别为:β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、东莨菪内酯(Ⅱ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ)、蓖麻碱(Ⅳ)、大黄酚(Ⅴ)、大黄素甲醚(Ⅵ)、蒲公英赛醇(Ⅶ)、芹菜素(Ⅷ)、木犀草素(Ⅸ)、没食子酸(Ⅹ)。结论:10个化合物均为首次从假奓包叶根皮部位中分离得到,化合物Ⅳ为首次从假奓包叶属植物中得到。     

西藏雪莲花化学成分的研究Ⅱ

 目的 对西藏雪莲花(Saussurea tridac-tyla Sch-Bip.)全草化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法 用色谱技术进行分离,UV,IR,ESIMS,^{1<\sup>H-NMR,13<\sup>C-NMR等方法对化合物结构进行鉴定。结果 从西藏雪莲花全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为芹菜素(apigenin,Ⅰ),木犀草素(luteolin,Ⅱ),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,Ⅲ),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,Ⅳ),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-芦丁糖苷(apigenin-7-O-β-D-lutinoside,Ⅴ),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-芦丁糖苷(luteolin-7-O-β-D-lutinoside,Ⅵ)。结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ首次从该植物中得到,化合物Ⅴ～Ⅵ首次从风毛菊属植物中得到}     

裸花紫珠黄酮苷类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

目的:研究裸花紫珠95%乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶,MCI,C_(18)等柱色谱方法对裸花紫珠中化学成分进行分离纯化,并经波谱数据分析和文献对照鉴定化合物结构。结果:从裸花紫珠叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为木犀草苷(1),木犀草素-3'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),木犀草素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷丁酯(4),木犀草素-3'-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素-4'-O-(6'-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-阿魏酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。结论:化合物4为首次从该植物分离得到。     

凤尾草中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的研究凤尾草的化学成分。方法应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱对凤尾草化学成分进行分离、纯化,根据理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从凤尾草乙酸乙酯及水部位分离鉴定了9个黄酮类化合物,分别为芹菜素(1),芹菜素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),野漆树苷(3),芹菜素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖-4’-O-α-L-鼠李糖(4),新西兰牡荆苷(5),木犀草素(6),木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),忍冬苷(8),木犀草素-6-C-β-D-葡萄糖-8-C-β-D-木糖苷(9)。结论化合物3及8为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物5及9为首次从凤尾蕨科中分离得到。     

藏药短管兔耳草的化学成分研究

目的:对藏药短管兔耳草的化学成分进行研究。方法:用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱和半制备HPLC等方法分离纯化化合物,并用波谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从藏药短管兔耳草石油醚提取物和醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到8个化合物,经鉴定分别为β-谷甾醇(1),琥珀酸(2),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),芹菜素(5),柯伊利素(6),柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)和芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)。结论:化合物4~8为首次从该植物中分离得到,7和8为首次从该属植物中发现。     

芹菜籽黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究维药芹菜籽黄酮类化学成分。方法:采用聚酰胺、正相和反相硅胶柱色谱法分离纯化,波谱法进行结构鉴定。结果:从芹菜籽的乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分分得5个化合物,其中4个为黄酮类化合物,其结构鉴定为木犀草素-3′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,1),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3),柯伊利素(chrysoeriol,4),豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5)。结论:以上各化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

百蕊草化学成分分离

目的:研究百蕊草的化学成分。方法:对百蕊草95%乙醇提取物采用各种柱色谱方法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:从百蕊草中分离纯化了10个化合物,分别鉴定为木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(1),芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(2),芦丁(3),芹菜素-8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(4),高车前苷(5),大蓟苷(6),蒙花苷(7),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(8),柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(9),金圣草黄素(10)。结论:化合物10为首次从百蕊草属植物中分离得到,化合物4~9为首次从檀香科植物中分离得到。     

小飞蓬中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究小飞蓬全草中黄酮类化学成分.方法:对小飞蓬全草乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行反复柱色谱,根据光谱数据和理化性质确定化合物结构.结果:从小飞蓬干燥全草中分离得到12个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),槲皮素(2),木犀草素(3),芹菜素(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮(5),槲皮素-3-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(9),4′-羟基黄芩素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),黄芩苷(11),芦丁(12).结论:化合物1为首次从菊科中分离得到,化合物5和9为首次从飞蓬属中分离得到,化合物3～4,7～8,11为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

藏药脉花党参的化学成分(英文)

目的:研究藏药脉花党参 Codonopsis nervosa ( Chipp.) Nannf.地上部分的化学成分。方法:采用 D101 大孔树脂柱、硅胶柱、ODS 柱、凝胶柱等色谱手段进行化学分离和纯化, 并利用各种波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果:分离并鉴定了 15 个化合物, 分别为柯伊利素(1), 苜蓿素(2), 芹菜素(3), 琥珀酸(4), β-胡萝卜苷(5), 木犀草素(6), 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),ethylsyringin (8), 芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9), 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)-[(6’’’-O-咖啡酸)-β-D-葡萄糖苷](10), 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷(11), 丁香苷(12), 绿原酸(13), 新绿原酸(14), 对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖苷(15)。结论:化合物 1 5, 8, 9, 12, 14,15 均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

假奓包叶化学成分研究(Ⅲ)

目的对广西产假奓包叶进行系统的成分研究。方法采用柱色谱进行单体化合物的分离,并运用波谱学方法对所分得的化合物进行了结构鉴定。结果自其地上部分分得12个化合物,通过光谱解析鉴定了其结构。鞣花酸类衍生物6个,为鞣花酸(ellagic acid,Ⅰ)、3,3′,4′-三甲基鞣花酸(3,3′,4′-trimethylellagic acid,Ⅱ)、3,3′-二甲基鞣花酸(3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid,Ⅲ)、3,3′-4-三甲基鞣花酸-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅳ)、3,3′-二甲基鞣花酸-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅴ)、3,3′-二甲基鞣花酸-4′-O-β-D-木糖苷(3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-xylopyra-noside,Ⅵ);吡啶酮生物碱化合物1个,为蓖麻碱(ricinine,Ⅶ);香豆素化合物2个,为伞形花内酯(umbelliferon,Ⅷ)、东莨菪苷(scopolin,Ⅸ);酚酸类化合物3个,为香豆酸(p-coumaric acid,Ⅹ)、阿魏酸(ferulic acid,Ⅺ)、原儿茶酸(vanillic acid,Ⅻ)。结论化合物Ⅰ～Ⅻ均为首次自该属植物中分得。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.