中国太极拳研究发展现状——基于文献计量学的可视化分析北大核心CSCD

目的探索太极拳领域研究现状、研究主体及研究内容热点等发展势态。方法以“太极拳”为检索词,检索中国知网(CNKI)及万方数据库(Wanfang Database)自建库以来的太极拳相关的原创性临床研究文献,利用CiteSpaceⅤ软件和Microsoft PowerBI软件,通过统计关键词、作者及研究机构等文献信息,对太极拳研究主体、研究热点与研究前沿进行可视化数据分析。结果(1)共检索太极拳相关文献34218篇,最终纳入文献1945篇进行分析研究;(2)高被引用文献中多数来自《中国康复医学杂志》《中国运动医学杂志》及《中国临床康复》等核心期刊;(3)研究机构共有430家,多数分布在华北、华东及中南地区,其中有48家分布在北京及上海地区,38家分布在湖北及广东地区;(4)作者共有961位,其中杨慧馨为出现频次最高的作者,研究领域涉及身心健康、心肺功能、运动功能、认知能力、平衡能力、生物力学分析等;(5)关键词分析结果显示高频关键词位高血压352次、中老年人244次、平衡功能127次、运动疗法103次、心理健康93次;此外,帕金森病、生活质量及骨关节为近5年来的突发性关键词,表明了太极拳研究领域的研究热点及前沿。结论当前的太极拳研究紧随着医疗模式的变化,从单纯的疾病康复预后转向了身心医学的领域,也做到了从二级预防向一级预防的重大转变。     

基于CiteSpace探讨人工智能在中医药领域的研究热点及趋势

目的:探讨人工智能在中医药领域的研究热点及前沿方向,为今后的研究提供参考及借鉴。方法:以中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WoS)中人工智能在中医药学领域相关文献为数据来源,结合人工梳理及信息整合的方法,运用CiteSpace软件对文献分布、作者、机构、关键词、共被引文献进行统计分析。结果:共纳入中文文献691篇,英文文献168篇,2018—2019年中英文文献数量大幅度增加;作者以近年来新兴团队为主,机构合作模式单一,高被引论文较少;研究方法主要是数据挖掘、机器学习、深度学习、神经网络及遗传算法,应用领域主要是中医智能诊断及预测各类疾病进程、中药智能识别分类、中医健康养生,研究成果主要是中医养生保健的智能化设备、中医人工智能系统、中医知识库、中医药学语言系统等。结论:人工智能在中医药领域的研究热点集中于中医智能方法、智能诊断及智能预测,热点更趋向于智能方法研究,各研究团队及研究机构应当加强各研究领域专家合作,实现多学科融合发展。     

基于CiteSpace的刺络拔罐疗法研究的可视化分析

目的：基于CiteSpace软件分析刺络拔罐疗法领域的研究现状、热点及前沿。方法：检索中国知网(CNKI)中自建库至2023年3月5日有关刺络拔罐疗法的文献,应用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件对所纳入文献的作者、机构、关键词等信息进行分析,绘制可视化图谱。结果：共纳入1662篇文献,年度发文量呈稳步上升趋势;高产作者以宋亚光为代表;高产机构以天津中医药大学为代表,刺络拔罐疗法研究领域作者间合作欠紧密,机构间跨区域合作较少;我国对于该领域的研究主要集中在临床疗效、中医疗法、中医观察等方面,近年中风或将成为该领域的研究热点。结论：今后各机构间应注重跨区域合作交流,促进信息资源合作共享,加强基础研究,促进该领域发展。     

基于文献计量学的四逆散可视化分析

目的：基于文献计量学方法探索四逆散的研究现状、研究热点。方法：检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、万方数据(WANFANG DATA)中与四逆散有关的文献，检索时间为自建库至2022年12月31日，经NoteExpress 3.5.0.9054去重及数据清洗后，利用CiteSpace 5.7.R1软件对作者合作网络、研究机构进行分析，绘制关键词共现、聚类图，并对关键词进行突现分析。结果：共纳入文献3727篇，发文最多的作者是李越峰(41篇),发文最多的机构是北京中医药大学(120篇),关键词分析提示研究热点主要集中在四逆散的临床应用、组方配伍和基础研究等相关领域。结论：四逆散的临床应用广泛，在治疗失眠、抑郁症、糖尿病等疾病方面关注度较高，近年研究热点为网络药理学、代谢组学、作用机制。     

基于信息计量与关联网络的海洋中药研究文献分析

目的：分析近20年国内海洋中药研究概况,总结研究热点、特征规律,探讨发展趋势,为海洋中药的临床应用和进一步研发提供数据基础和科学依据。方法：以中国知识基础设施工程（China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI）数据库作为资料来源,用信息计量学方法对相关文献进行分析,并用Cytoscape 3.1.1软件对高频关键词进行关联网络分析。结果：582篇文献纳入分析,2010-2014年5年间发表量达260篇,年均52篇,受各类基金资助的期刊文献266篇,载文最多的杂志是《中国海洋药物》,有278家机构从事相关研究,中国海洋大学是最高产机构,发文量在5篇以上的有12人,海洋药物、化学成分、海洋天然产物、指纹图谱、抗肿瘤等是出现频率较高的关键词。结论：近几年海洋中药研究逐渐成为中药科研领域的热点,研究的主体机构与核心作者群已初步形成。但研究大部分集中在天然产物和药理作用等方面,传统中药理论指导下的海洋中药研究起步较晚,研究基础薄弱,阻碍了海洋中药应拓展的临床应用。应拓展中医古籍文献的知识发现研究,建立海洋中药组方数据库,挖掘海洋中药方剂配伍规律,构建符合海洋中药性效特点的用药经验模式,为临床应用和养生保健提供科学依据。     

基于CiteSpace的中医养生知识图谱可视化分析

目的:分析近10年中医养生领域的研究现状、研究热点及趋势,以期为后续研究提供参考。方法:以中国知网(CNKI)为数据来源,对2010年1月至2019年12月公开发表文献进行检索并筛选,运用CiteSpace 5.5软件对纳入文献的作者、机构、关键词进行分析,并绘制可视化知识图谱。结果:近10年有关中医养生研究发文量呈增长趋势,主要研究人员185人,并形成了以于琦和郭教礼为代表的两个稳定的高产团队,研究力量主要集中在科研院所,如广州中医药大学、北京中医药大学、中国中医科学院等。该领域的研究热点有养生理论、养生思想、养生方法及养生应用,相关度较高的疾病主要涉及高血压、糖尿病等慢性疾病。结论:中医养生的研究以养生思想和养生方式为主,现已广泛应用于慢性病防治,并形成具有中医特色的健康管理模式,拥有较稳定的研究团队,但团队间合作不足,今后应加强团队间合作,深入挖掘中医养生在临床常见慢性疾病中的应用。     

中药产业循环经济研究态势分析

目的：客观分析国内外中药产业循环经济研究现状,明确当前研究热点和前沿问题,为中药领域工作者和决策者提供参考。方法：利用文献计量学方法,基于CNKI数据库和PubMed数据库,根据发文期刊、发文量、关键词频次等指标,分析近10年来中药资源及中药产业循环经济研究的发展态势、前沿领域与研究机构等状况。结果：共检索到中文文献120篇,英文文献27篇。研究热点方面：中药资源研究以中药资源可持续发展和利用为主题进行了广泛研究,而中药产业循环经济研究主要侧重其模式和策略研究。结论：中药产业循环经济需要在概念界定、政策机制、中药资源高新技术利用和定量研究等方面进一步深化探索。     

基于CNKI的中医养生保健文献计量学分析

目的基于文献分析探讨中医养生保健的临床研究现状及发展趋势。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)中有关中医养生保健研究文献,采用Note Express3.0.4.6732软件对纳入文献的发文时间、关键词、文献来源、高频作者、研究层次、发文机构、基金项目等进行计量学分析,探讨本领域的科研状况。结果经筛选得到有效文献2921篇,其中会议论文342篇、期刊论文2464篇、学位论文115篇。年发文量大体呈增长趋势;累计发文量呈J型增长趋势,且未转化为逻辑曲线增长模式;"精神情志""饮食疗法""健康干预"等为高频关键词;文献来源分布符合布拉德定律,前8位文献来源期刊为《现代养生》《家庭中医药》《养生月刊》《光明中医》《健康科学》《中国中医基础医学杂志》《中华养生保健》《中国中医药现代远程教育》;发文机构主要为北京中医药大学、广州中医药大学、中国中医科学院、上海中医药大学;基金项目主要为国家级项目。结论中医养生保健研究态势良好,发展空间较大,宜加大研究力度。     

四君子汤应用研究的知识图谱的构建

目的：通过CiteSpace软件对近十年国内四君子汤应用研究的相关文献进行可视化分析,探讨四君子汤应用情况。方法：检索国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）2011年1月1日至2020年12月31日发表的四君子汤应用研究的期刊文献,运用CiteSpace软件绘制该领域的知识图谱,并对文献的关键词进行共现分析、聚类分析、时间线分析及突现分析。结果：初步检索获得1 378篇四君子汤应用研究相关文献,进一步筛选后共纳入1 129篇,研究热点集中四君子汤治疗慢性胃炎、溃疡性结肠炎及妊娠糖尿病。结论：通过知识图谱分析四君子汤应用研究的热点及发展趋势,为今后的研究提供参考方向,从而更好地提高四君子汤的应用价值。     

基于科学知识图谱的针灸专利计量可视化研究＊

目的 运用专利计量可视化方法探索针灸技术热点及发展趋势，为针灸技术领域创新研究提供参考，提高针灸技术临床应用，加快针灸技术发展。方法 利用文献计量软件Citespace 5.5.R2对从建库以来至2020年收录在德温特专利数据库（Derwent Innovations Index，DII）的27177篇针灸相关专利文献进行总结、分析，并以可视化图谱的形式展现出针灸专利的申请量、学科分布，专利权人、发明人合作网络，专利技术热点、发展趋势等指标特征。结果 针灸专利申请量呈现逐年上升趋势；学科涉仪器、内科医学、工程学、化学、药物药剂学等方面；中国为发明人和专利权人最多的国家，成都中医药大学、湖南中医药大学、上海中医药大学、河南中医药大学是针灸技术创新的主要创新机构；热点技术领域集中在针灸治疗仪器设备创新、中医经络理论指导下的养生保健设备创新；技术创新的趋势是诊疗一体化、数字化、智能化。结论 运用专利计量可视化方法发现目前针灸专利技术发展较快，探测到目前针灸技术领域的热点及趋势，可为针灸技术创新研究提供参考。     

Effects of Tai Chi exercise on physical and mental health of college students

The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the effects of Tai Chi Quan, a body-mind harmony exercise, on college students' perceptions of their physical and mental health. A three-month intervention of Tai Chi exercise was administered to college students, and multidimensional physical (PHD) and mental (MHD) health scores were assessed using the SF-36v2 health survey questionnaire before and after the intervention. Thirty college students participated in a 1-hour-long Tai Chi exercise intervention twice a week for 3 months. Each practice session included 10 minutes of breathing and stretching exercises followed by 50 minutes of Tai Chi Quan 24-form practice. PHD including physical function (PF), role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), and MHD including social function (SF), role mental/emotion function (RE), vitality (VT), perceptions of mental health (MH) were assessed. The normalized scores of each variable and the combined PHD or MHD scores before and after the Tai Chi intervention were examined by paired t-test (p < 0.05). Physical measures of BP and GH, and mental measures of RE, VT and MH were significantly improved after Tai Chi exercise intervention. When the overall PHD or MHD scores were evaluated, the MHD had increased significantly. In conclusion, Tai Chi exercise had positive effects on the self-assessed physical and mental health of college students. Scores on the mental health dimension appeared to be particularly sensitive to change. Colleges/universities might consider offering Tai Chi as a component of their ongoing physical activity programs available to students.     

Preventive geriatrics: an overview from traditional Chinese medicine

The philosophical tradition of Chinese geriatrics contains a strong preventive element closely tied to the concept of a balanced man-nature relationship and body-mind relationship. It has been emphasized that a sound mind in a sound body is essential to longevity. Moderation in physical and emotional activities is encouraged. There have been a number of approaches to longevity in traditional Chinese medicine. The preventive value of Tai Chi Chuan (a gentle "spiritual" exercise), Chi Kung (a combination of breathing exercise, relaxation and meditation), acupressure and moxibustion on the point of Chu San Li, and tonic herbal medicines like ginseng is discussed in this article. These are regarded to be helpful in improving the general health of the elderly and in promoting longevity.     

The Effect of Tai Chi on Psychosocial Well-being: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to critically appraise published clinical trials designed to assess the effect of Tai Chi on psychosocial well-being.Data SourcesDatabases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, HEALT, PsycINFO, CISCOM, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials of the Cochrane Library, and dissertations and conference proceedings from inception to August 2008.Review MethodsMethodological quality was assessed using a modified Jadad scale. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria (i.e. English publications of randomized controlled trials with Tai Chi as an intervention and psychological well-being as an outcome measure), of which eight were high quality trials. The psychosocial outcomes measured included anxiety (eight studies), depression (eight studies), mood (four studies), stress (two studies), general mental health three studies), anger, positive and negative effect, self-esteem, life satisfaction, social interaction and self-rated health (one study each).ResultsTai Chi intervention was found to have a significant effect in 13 studies, especially in the management of depression and anxiety. Although the results seemed to suggest Tai Chi is effective, they should be interpreted cautiously as the quality of the trials varied substantially. Furthermore, significant findings were shown in only six high quality studies. Moreover, significant between group differences after Tai Chi intervention was demonstrated in only one high quality study (the other three significant results were observed in non-high quality studies). Two high quality studies in fact found no significant Tai Chi effects.ConclusionIt is still premature to make any conclusive remarks on the effect of Tai Chi on psychosocial well-being.     

近25年国外太极拳临床对照研究评述＊

目的 太极拳运动在世界范围内广泛开展。分析国外太极拳临床对照研究现状，掌握国际研究趋势可为今后的太极拳研究提供参考和借鉴。方法 本文基于3个英文电子数据库（PubMed、Excerpta Medica Database、Web of Science），收集了从建库至2020年12月31日期间关于太极拳临床对照研究（Randomized Controlled Trail/Controlled Trail，RCT/CT）论文，对纳入的234篇文章从疾病研究热点、高产机构及作者、期刊分布、试验设计及试验结果等方面进行统计分析。结果 近年来国外太极拳临床试验持续开展，以美国最多；以杨氏太极拳，尤其是24式太极拳为最常见太极拳练习术式；研究以太极拳改善中老年人群运动系统功能和慢性疾病防控为主。结论 太极拳研究是今后传统医学领域的研究热点，让太极拳以更明确的效应助力人类健康，是太极拳研究的主要方向。     

基于文献计量学的中医遣方用药经验数据挖掘研究现状分析

目的探讨中医遣方用药经验数据挖掘研究现状、热点及存在问题,为今后相关研究提供借鉴。方法以中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(维普网)收录的中医遣方用药经验数据挖掘论文为统计来源,采用描述性统计和共现分析方法对文献发表年代、作者、机构、期刊、关键词分布与共现情况进行总结分析。结果共纳入文献1830篇,分布于194种期刊,文献数量呈逐年上升趋势;形成7个研究团队,三大研究机构合作群;研究疾病广泛;挖掘对象为具有名望的中医临床大家;研究方法多为关联规则、聚类分析、复杂网络、频数分析、因子分析;挖掘内容主要集中在药对、组方规律、配伍规律、用药规律。结论数据挖掘技术在中医遣方用药经验研究领域的应用愈发广泛,逐渐被中医界接受和认可。     

肠道微生态在中医药领域研究应用可视化分析＊

目的 梳理中医药肠道微生态研究发展脉络及方向，分析研究热点，为中医药肠道微生态研究提供参考依据。方法 采用CiteSpace可视化软件对中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）收录的中医药肠道微生态研究文献进行分析。结果 中医药肠道微生态研究应用文献发文量总体呈逐年上升趋势；高产团队常依托核心作者产生，且人数规模多为5人以上；核心研究团队数量较少；各研究机构之间的合作力度尚显不足；肥胖、糖尿病、溃疡性结肠炎等免疫代谢疾病，中药方剂有效成分及作用机制为该领域目前的研究热点。结论 随着现代科学基础技术在中医药领域的不断应用和发展，从肠道微生态角度阐释中医药的理、法、方、药，建立对应信息指标，有助于进一步阐释中医药思想的内涵。     

Effects of Tai Chi on gait kinematics, physical function, and pain in elderly with knee osteoarthritis--a pilot study

Our previous study has demonstrated that 6 weeks of Tai Chi exercise significantly improves knee pain and stiffness in elderly with knee osteoarthritis. This study also examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise on gait kinematics, physical function, pain, and pain self-efficacy in elderly with knee osteoarthritis. In this prospective, pretest-posttest clinical trial, 40 men and women (64.4+/-8.3 years) diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis participated in 6 weeks of instructed Tai Chi training, 1 hour/session, 2 sessions/week. The following measures were taken at baseline and the conclusion of the intervention: (a) gait kinematics including stride length, stride frequency, and gait speed quantified using video analysis, (b) physical function, (c) knee pain, and (d) pain self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using repeated MANCOVA, MANOVA, ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests. After 6 weeks of Tai Chi exercise, stride length (p=0.023; 1.17+/-0.17 vs. 1.20+/-0.14 m), stride frequency (p=0.014; 0.91+/-0.08 vs. 0.93+/-0.08 strides/s), and consequently gait speed (p<0.025; 1.06+/-0.19 vs. 1.12+/-0.15 m/s) increased in the participants. Physical function was significantly improved (p<0.001) and knee pain was significantly decreased (p=0.002), while no change was observed in pain self-efficacy. In conclusion, these findings support that Tai Chi is beneficial for gait kinematics in elderly with knee osteoarthritis, and a longer term application is needed to substantiate the effect of Tai Chi as an alternative exercise in management of knee osteoarthritis.     

Effects of long-term tai chi practice on balance and H-reflex characteristics

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of long-term Tai Chi practice on postural balance and H-reflex. Sixteen healthy volunteers, eight with three or more years of experience in Tai Chi training (Tai Chi Group-TCG), and eight with no experience in Tai Chi training (Control Group-CG) participated in the study. Postural sways were measured under four experimental conditions: (1) Standing still with eyes open (EO); (2) Standing still with eyes closed (EC); (3) Standing and turning head to left and right with eyes open (EOT); and (4) Standing and turning head to left and right with eyes closed (ECT). Paired reflex depression (PRD) of the soleus muscle was measured under two conditions: supine and standing. Less significant postural sway was observed in the TCG than in the CG under four conditions including EO, EC, EOT, and ECT (p < 0.01). The TCG demonstrated 14.1%, 30.6%, 33.3% and 22.7% less postural sway, respectively. Significant PRD change from a supine to standing position was observed between TCG and CG (p < 0.05). A significant correlation between PRD change (from supine to standing) and years of Tai Chi practice was observed (r = 0.80, p < 0.05). The findings of this study support the positive effects of Tai Chi exercise on balance control under different conditions. Long-term Tai Chi exercisers also demonstrated different reflex modulation from a supine to standing position, and long-term Tai Chi practice may lead to a change of PRD modulation as neuroadaptation.     

Effects of extended Tai Chi intervention on balance and selected motor functions of the elderly

Balance ability decreases with age, which results in an increased risk of falls for people over age 65. Tai Chi exercise appears to offer potential benefits in the reduction of falls for the elderly. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of extended (6- and 12-month) Tai Chi exercise interventions on balance and selected motor functions for senior citizens. Forty-seven subjects were recruited from two local senior centers. Twenty of them (M = 71.8 years, SD = 7.1), 11 in the Tai Chi exercise group and 9 in the control group, completed the pre-, mid- and post-tests over 12 months on five selected functional performance tests: static balance, dynamic balance, choice reaction time, heel-rise strength, and ankle flexibility. The Tai Chi group was provided with a one-hour Tai Chi exercise session per week for 12 months; the control group did not participate in any exercise program. Results showed that static balance improved significantly after a 6-month Tai Chi intervention. Moreover, the Tai Chi group maintained a higher level in the test performance compared with the control group at the end of the 12-month intervention, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Data suggested that Tai Chi exercise intervention could produce a positive influence on balance control for the elderly over a prolonged period, but not on muscle strength and ankle flexibility.     

基于Citespace的中医隐喻认知研究的热点与前沿分析(1990-2021)＊

目的 中医学的隐喻认知研究方兴未艾。运用CiteSpace软件对中医学隐喻认知相关文献进行可视化分析，探索现状和热点，为总结已有成果和深入研究提供基础。方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）1990-2021年相关文献，通过CiteSpace5.6.R5进行作者和机构合作网络以及关键词共现、聚类和突现词的分析。结果 共纳入文献328篇，总体来看，以贾春华等为代表的作者合作网络规模较大，研究机构集中在北京中医药大学。研究者和研究机构之间相对独立，其分布松散，合作较少。1990-2006年为中医学隐喻认知萌芽期，2007-2014年为快速增长期。2014年之后，进入平稳发展期。研究热点多集中在概念隐喻、认知科学、取象比类等方面。象思维、中医语言等是近年来的前沿领域。结论 隐喻认知为中医学理论解构提供了新的范式。基于多学科研究的中医隐喻认知学有望形成。中医语言实证研究有利于揭示中医学思维及逻辑特点，是未来研究的可行之路。