基于关联规则解析挖掘中医药辨治高脂血症规律

目的:研究中医药辨治高脂血症的关联规则。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普论文数据库中应用中药复方治疗高脂血症的相关文献,采用Medcase数据处理平台,运用关联规则方法对文献进行分析。结果:符合纳入标准的研究文献66篇,医案115则,病例总数115例,诊次总数共177次,临床症状62种,病机59条,药物212种。集内关联处理后,产生核心症状规则30组,胸闷规则6组;病机规则32组,肝郁血瘀规则5组;药物规则30组,茯苓、山楂、白术规则各7组;集外关联处理后,产生舌象-病机规则30组,苔厚腻规则6组;产生脉象-病机规则30组,弦脉、细脉规则各7组。结论:中医药治疗高脂血症时,高关联症状为“胸闷、乏力”,高关联舌脉为“苔白厚腻、质暗红”“弦脉、细脉”,高关联病机为“肝郁血瘀”,高关联配伍药物为“茯苓”“山楂”“白术”。     

基于国医大师周仲瑛临证医案的交泰丸运用经验解构

目的:基于中医本体特色,引入文本挖掘法并改进研究模式,结合原始医案数据挖掘分析,形成医案解构,从中分析周仲瑛教授临床运用交泰丸的经验。方法:对周仲瑛教授临证运用交泰丸的医案进行解构分析,并结合数据挖掘分析运用规律。结果:本次研究涉及病例154人,158诊次,病种69种,涉及病机138条,治法10条,药物234种,药物种类覆盖十九大类。结论:周仲瑛教授临证使用交泰丸的主治范围以"失眠"、"胃炎"等病为主,使用特异证为"失眠"、"怕冷",可见症为"口干"、"便溏",相关舌脉为"舌质暗"、"苔薄黄腻"、"脉细",核心病机为"心肾不交",常用复法配伍为"养心安神,温通泄浊",常用复合配方为"酸枣仁汤、半夏泻心汤",常用组合药物为"黄连、肉桂、法半夏、熟枣仁"。     

基于数据挖掘的淋巴瘤医案集外关联解析

目的通过数据挖掘对中医治疗淋巴瘤医案进行集外关联解析,对淋巴瘤的症状、舌脉、病机与药物之间的核心关联规则进行挖掘,以优化中医临床诊疗方案。方法通过中国知识资源总库(CNKI)检索中医治疗淋巴瘤医案类论文,采用Medcase数据处理平台,基于FP-Growth加强关联分析算法,对淋巴瘤医案进行集外关联解析。结果共纳入医案138则,患者138人次、354诊次,涉及病机59条,症状215种,脉象18种,舌象80种,药物451种。经集外关联挖掘,产生临床症状与药物集外关联规则29条,病机与药物集外关联规则23条,舌象与药物集外关联规则21条,脉象与药物集外关联规则18条,临床症状与病机集外关联规则23条。症状-药物高关联规则为神疲、乏力与黄芪,淋巴结肿、夜寐不安与茯苓;病机-药物高关联规则为气虚、血虚与党参、黄芪,气滞、痰与柴胡、香附、夏枯草,脾虚、肾虚与人参、山药。结论中医临床辨治淋巴瘤的核心症状为疲乏、淋巴结肿、睡眠障碍,核心病机中脏腑病位重点为脾虚、肾虚,病理因素侧重气虚、气滞、痰凝,高关联选药为党参、黄芪、夏枯草、香附、山药等,可为淋巴瘤核心病机证素获取及辨机用药提供参考。     

基于国医大师周仲瑛临证医案的参附药对集内关联解析

目的:基于中医本体特色,引入文本挖掘法并改进研究模式,结合原始医案数据进行集内关联挖掘,形成医案解析,从中分析周仲瑛教授运用参附药对的临床经验。方法:采用优化数据的集内关联挖掘方法,进行临症医案解析。结果:本次研究涉及病例112人次,154诊次,病种101种、涉及病机117条,治法19条,药物256种。集内关联处理后,产生核心症状规则30组,怕冷规则12组;舌象规则30组,苔黄规则4组;脉象规则30组,脉滑规则6组;病机规则30组,气阴两虚规则5组;药物规则30组,炮姜规则7组。结论:周仲瑛教授运用"党参""附子"药对时,高关联症状为"怕冷""便溏";高关联舌脉为"苔薄黄腻,质暗红""脉滑、细、弦";高关联病机为"气阴两虚""湿浊中阻";高关联配伍用药为"炮姜""白术""肉桂"。     

周仲瑛临证医案参附药对经验解构

目的:研究周仲瑛教授临床运用参附药对经验。方法:采用Medcase数据处理平台对医案采用计量性趋势数据解构研究。结果:研究病例112人次,154诊次,病种101种,病机117条,治法19条。结论:周仲瑛教授临证使用参附药对以"泄泻""慢性肠炎"等为主,特异证为"怕冷便溏",相关舌脉为"舌质暗苔黄"、"脉细滑",核心病机为"脾肾两虚",常用复法为"温肾健脾",常用复方为"附子理中丸"、"玉屏风散"。     

数据挖掘技术在名老中医肺癌医案中之应用研究

目的:探讨名老中医治疗肺癌的诊治规律。方法:收集100篇肺癌医案,使用Excel建立以基本信息、四诊信息、病机、主要症状、用药等为字段名的数据库,并进行规范化处理,共收入120条有效记录。采用关联规则与频数分析方法进行统计。数据在Spss Clementine 17.0统计软件上进行统计分析。结果:在中药与中药、主要症状与中药、舌脉与中药、病机与中药之间发现一些对应规律。结论:名老中医肺癌医案中的症状、舌脉、病机、中药存在一定的关联性,可通过关联规则分析获取其中的规律。     

基于集内关联分析老年弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤医案数据解构研究

目的:基于周仲瑛教授“癌毒”学说,引入文本挖掘法,结合原始医案数据进行集内关联挖掘,形成医案解析,分析老年弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤症状、病机及用药规律。方法:采用优化的集内关联规则数据挖掘方法进行医案解构分析。结果:本次研究涉及医案147则,患者147人次,主症25条,兼症26条,舌象18条,脉象12条,病机9条,药物30味。经集内关联挖掘规则,主症16组,兼症36组,舌象36组,脉象32组,病机36组,药物30组。结论:本中心老年弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,盗汗与发热、恶心与腹痛、咳嗽与咳痰、下肢水肿与神疲乏力,消瘦与纳差五组症状关联度最高。患者舌象多为舌质淡、红或紫,苔薄白腻,脉象多为弦、细、数,高关联病机为虚、毒、痰、热、瘀,高关联配伍用药为白花蛇舌草、茯苓、甘草、陈皮、黄芪、麸炒白术。     

基于数据挖掘升降散治疗内伤杂病的临床运用研究

目的:运用数据挖掘方法分析现代医家临床运用升降散治疗内伤杂病的经验。方法:通过检索现代医家临床文献,获取升降散运用的医案信息,利用Medcase V3.2数据记录挖掘系统对其进行数据库构建、数据挖掘分析。结果:检索获得临床运用升降散医案类论文文献165篇,验案408例,涉及病种205种,病机498条,治法418条,临床症状744条,舌象描述128条,脉象20类,药物333种,症状内关联产生规则31条,用药内关联产生规则31条,病机舌象外关联产生规则16条。结论:通过数据挖掘分析,可见升降散在内伤杂病中的主要证治以热证、气滞证为主,多用于气机阻滞,隔至于胸中且内有郁热之象。     

瘀血舌古今论述考释

课题组率先对瘀血舌开展了由文献整理到现代机理、临床病证方药 ,多途径、多指标、多层次的全方位研究。在文献研究中 ,对瘀血舌的古今文献进行了大规模的整理工作 ,包括近 10 0 0种古籍和近 19年数据库文献 ,发掘整理出了瘀血舌所涉及的病因病机、舌症、病证、方药、医案。目的 :通过文献发掘 ,整理出瘀血舌所涉及的病因病机、舌症、病证、方药、医案。方法 :手工查阅与计算机检索相结合。结果与结论 :瘀血舌所涉及的病因病机有寒、热 (暑 )、湿等 2 6个方面 ;舌部舌色改变包括青、紫、黑等 ;舌形改变包括老、瘀点、瘀斑等 ;舌态改变包括强硬、痿软、短缩 ;舌苔改变包括厚、剥、腻等 ;舌下脉形色异常 ;涉及中医疾病 5 2种 ,现代医学疾病 198种 ;涉及证型 2 9种 ;涉及治法有攻下逐瘀、凉血化瘀等 2 6种 ;涉及治疗方剂有抵当汤、桃仁承气汤等 69首 ;涉及治疗药物有桃仁、大黄等 67味 ;病案有 66个。     

江浙沪名老中医临证运用膏方经验解构研究

目的：基于中医本体特色,引入文本挖掘方法,结合原始病案数据进行集内关联挖掘,形成医案解析,从中分析江浙沪名老中医使用膏方的经验。方法：采用Medcase 数据处理平台,对江浙沪名老中医运用膏方的医案采用计量性趋势数据解构研究。结果：本次研究涉及病例472诊次,涉及病机250条,治法400条,药物529种。结论：江浙沪名老中医运用膏方针对临床常见虚损性疾病,临床核心高频适应症以乏力、寐差、腰酸、纳差等为主;相关高频舌脉为苔薄、白,质红、淡,脉细、弦;核心高频病机为肝肾亏虚、脾肾两虚;高频用药为黄芪、白术、茯苓、当归、芍药、甘草、熟地等药物,组方以四君子汤、四物汤、八珍汤、当归补血汤、六味地黄丸、生脉饮为基础方剂进行复法配伍,辅料常用阿胶、冰糖、龟板胶、鹿角胶等材料,治法多采用气血并调,阴阳并补,虚实并治等复法组合干预亚健康状态。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。