黄芪总黄酮对扑热息痛所致小鼠肝损伤防护作用的研究

目的 :研究黄芪总黄酮 (TFA)对扑热息痛所致肝损伤的防护作用。方法 :用 1%羧甲基纤维素钠 10ml·kg^-1,TFA10 0mg·kg^-1或维生素C (Ascorbicacid ,VC) 1000mg·kg^-1给小鼠灌胃 1h后 ,灌扑热息痛 1000mg·kg^-1,观察小鼠死亡率的变化 ;提前 1h用不同剂量的TFA或VC处理后 ,再灌 400mg·kg^-1的扑热息痛 ,检测血清酶学和肝脏组织学的改变。结果 :给小鼠扑热息痛 1000mg·kg^-1灌胃组 ,24h后可致 80 %小鼠死亡 ;提前 1h用TFA10 0mg·kg^-1或VC灌胃其死亡率可分别下降至 20%和0%。血清转氨酶 (ALT)和病理切片显示当给 400mg·kg^-1扑热息痛灌胃 24h后即可引起严重肝损伤 (ALT升高和肝组织大面积坏死 ,P<0.001)。TFA或VC预防组 (提前1h给药)的肝损伤程度与对照组比较明显减轻 ,其作用强度与药物浓度成正比。结论 :TFA对扑热息痛所致肝损伤有保护作用。     

白芥子提取物抑制前列腺增生的实验研究[Ⅱ]

目的:研究白芥子提取物抑制前列腺增生的活性成分和作用机理。方法:采用丙酸睾酮诱导的去势小鼠前列腺增生;组胺诱导的小鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性增加;滤纸片埋藏诱发的大鼠皮下肉芽肿为动物模型。从白芥子提取物中分离得到的白芥子苷和白芥子β-谷甾醇为药效研究对象。结果:白芥子苷(16.0,8.0mg·kg^-1·d^-1)和β-谷甾醇(16.0,8.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)均能明显降低由丙酸睾酮诱发的去势小鼠前列腺增生,降低小鼠血清酸性磷酸酶活力(P<0.01或P<0.05);白芥子苷(16.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)能明显降低滤纸片埋藏引起的大鼠肉芽肿增殖(P<0.05);β-谷甾醇(8.0,16.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)能明显降低组胺诱发的小鼠毛细血管通透性增加(P<0.05)。结论:白芥子苷、β-谷甾醇具有抗雄激素和抗炎活性。     

蕃荔枝酰胺新衍生物cFLZ对小鼠学习记忆功能障碍的改善作用

 目的研究蕃荔枝酰胺新衍生物cFLZ对小鼠实验性学习记忆功能障碍的影响。方法选用体积分数40%乙醇、戊巴比妥钠(20 mg·kg^-1)、环己酰亚胺(120 mg·kg^-1)造成小鼠学习记忆障碍模型,分别通过避暗法、跳台法、水迷津法观察提前口服不同剂量的cFLZ对小鼠学习记忆能力障碍的作用。结果①小鼠口服体积分数为40%乙醇后出现明显记忆障碍,避暗法实验中表现在第一次进入暗室的潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.01),3 min内进入暗室的次数显著增加(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,cFLZ(75,150 mg·kg^-1)组小鼠第一次进入暗室的潜伏期延长(P<0.05),3 min内进入暗室的次数减少(P<0.05);②水迷津法实验中随着路径的延长和盲端的增多,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(20 mg·kg^-1)模型组小鼠游到目的地的时间比正常对照组明显延长,进入盲端的错误次数也明显增加。与模型组相比,cFLZ(75,150 mg·kg^-1)组小鼠能够缩短游到目的地的时间(P<0.05),减少进入盲端的错误次数(P<0.05)。③跳台法实验中小鼠腹腔注射环己酰亚胺(120 mg·kg^-1)后引起显著的记忆巩固障碍,第一次跳下安全岛的时间明显缩短(P<0.01),5 min内跳下的次数显著增加(P<0.01)。cFLZ(37.5,75,150 mg·kg^-1)可显著改善环己酰亚胺诱导的记忆障碍,延长第一次跳下安全岛的潜伏期(P<0.05),减少跳下的次数(P<0.01)。结论蕃荔枝酰胺新衍生物cFLZ对体积分数40%乙醇、戊巴比妥钠及环己酰亚胺诱导的小鼠学习记忆功能障碍有明显改善作用。     

蜜环菌多糖对环磷酰胺损伤小鼠骨髓细胞的保护作用

目的:观察蜜环菌多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:纯系昆明小鼠 50 只,随机分为5组,正常对照组;阳性对照组(rhG-CSF 20μg·kg^-1·d^-1);环磷酰胺(150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)损伤组;蜜环菌多糖(25 0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)低剂量保护组;蜜环菌多糖(50.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)高剂量保护组。阳性对照组sc rhG CSF 6 d,ip环磷酰胺3 d。保护组 ip蜜环菌多糖8 d,ip环磷酰胺3 d。记数外周血WBC,RBC,PLT和骨髓细胞悬液WBC,BM NC,骨髓象分析。结果: 保护组、阳性对照组外周血中的WBC,RBC,PLT,骨髓细胞悬液中WBC,BMNC明显高于损伤组,P<0.01;保护组中骨髓早幼粒、分叶核细胞数,高剂量组比低剂量组明显增多。结论: 蜜环菌多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓细胞损伤有较好的保护作用。     

沙苑子总黄酮对 SHR 的降压及血流动力学影响

目的 :观察沙苑子总黄酮对自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)的降压作用及在麻醉状态下对其血流动力学的影响。方法 :采用尾动脉测压法及多导生理记录仪分别记录沙苑子总黄酮灌胃后血压及血流动力学的变化。结果 :沙苑子总黄酮灌胃 (100 ,200mg·kg^-1)使清醒SHR血压明显下降 (分别下降 7.1% ,P<0.05及9.3% ,P<0.01) ,动物心率无明显变化。沙苑子总黄酮 (200mg·kg-1)对麻醉SHR心输出量和心率影响不大 ,但可显著降低SHR的总外周阻力 (下降20% ,P<0.05) ,从而引起SHR收缩压、舒张压的显著下降 ,其中舒张压的下降更为明显。结论 :沙苑子总黄酮有明显的降压作用 ,主要是通过降低外周阻力引起的。     

茶氨酸和厚朴提取物对7日龄小鸡分离应激过程的影响

目的：研究茶氨酸对7日龄小鸡应激反应的影响,与厚朴提取物(25 mg·kg^-1)合用是否具有协同作用。方法：茶氨酸(12.5,25,50 mg·kg^-1腹腔注射30 min后,记录分离小鸡和未分离小鸡自主活动、分离发声和福尔马林诱导的疼痛反应的影响。结果：茶氨酸3个剂量和厚朴提取物(25 mg·kg^-1)能显著减轻分离小鸡的悲鸣(P<0.05,P<0.01)；茶氨酸25,50 mg·kg^-1对分离应激引起的痛觉钝抑(analgesia)有对抗作用。各组对自主活动均无明显影响。结论：茶氨酸与厚朴单独应用可以缓解小鸡分离应激反应,提示对紧张、焦虑和抑郁症有潜在的治疗作用。不同剂量茶氨酸与厚朴提取物25 mg·kg^-1合用协同作用不明显。     

决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

目的 :考察决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响。方法 :采用灌胃脂肪乳剂建立大鼠的高脂血症模型。用酶比色法测定决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷的不同剂量、以及两者小剂量合用后 ,对高脂血症大鼠的血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白 (HDL-C)的影响。结果 :决明子蛋白质大剂量 (1mg·kg^-1·d^-1)、蒽醌苷大剂量 (20mg·kg^-1·d^-1)以及两者的小剂量 (蛋白质 0.25mg·kg^-1·d^-1,蒽醌苷 5mg·kg^-1·d^-1)合用 ,均可使高脂血症大鼠的TC ,TG和LDL C显著降低 (P<0.05 ,P<0.01)。结论 :试验结果表明 ,决明子蛋白质、蒽醌苷皆可降低高脂血症大鼠的TC ,TG和LDL-C。     

环黄芪醇对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗衰老作用

目的:探究环黄芪醇(cycloastragenol,CAG)延缓衰老作用及其机制。方法:采用D-半乳糖致小鼠衰老模型,小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、环黄芪醇低、中、高3个剂量组(2.5,5.0,10.0mg·kg^-1)和维生素E(VE)组(2.5mg·kg^-1),除正常组ip给予等量的生理盐水外,其余各组在给药同时均ipD-半乳糖(125mg·kg^-1),连续给药6周。测定心、肝及皮肤等组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组肝、心和皮肤的T-SOD,T-AOC活性以及HYP含量均显著降低,差异显著(P<0.01),MDA含量明显增加,有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05);与模型组比较,环黄芪醇能显著提高小鼠肝、心和皮肤的T-AOC,T-SOD活性(P<0.01),对肝、心和皮肤的MDA含量呈显著的降低作用(P<0.01,P<0.05),并可提高皮肤、心和肝等组织中HYP含量(P<0.01,P<0.05)。但环黄芪醇对上述指标的影响并未呈现明显的剂量依赖关系。结论:环黄芪醇具有显著的抗小鼠衰老作用,主要作用机制可能与提高T-SOD,T-AOC活性,降低MDA含量,增加HYP含量有关。     

葛根素对脑缺血诱导神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

 目的探讨葛根素(puerarin,Pur)对脑缺血诱导神经细胞凋亡和凋亡蛋白抑制剂XIAP表达的影响。方法SD大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)的同时ip50,100mg·kg^-1Pur,MCAO50min后再灌注24h,用TTC染色法、Annexin-V和PI双荧光标记结合流式细胞检测法、半定量RT-PCR等技术分别检测大鼠脑水肿、梗死体积、细胞凋亡和坏死率、caspase-3活性、XIAP mRNA表达。结果Pur(100mg·kg^-1)明显缓解缺血引起的脑水肿和神经行为障碍(P<0.05);减少脑梗死体积,以皮层尤其显著(P<0.01)。Pur(100mg·kg^-1)还显著降低背外侧皮层的细胞凋亡和坏死率,抑制caspase-3活性,逆转缺血诱导的XIAP mRNA表达下调(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论Pur通过调节神经细胞XIAP mRNA表达,抑制细胞凋亡而保护缺血性脑损伤。     

枸杞多糖联合趋化因子对肝癌小鼠T辅助淋巴细胞分化的影响

目的: 探讨枸杞多糖(LBP)及枸杞多糖联合趋化因子(CXCL10)对实验性肝癌荷瘤小鼠辅助性T细胞分化的影响。 方法: 建立H22肝癌小鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分为模型组、LBP高剂量组(ig 100 mg·kg^-1)、LBP低剂量组(ig 50 mg·kg^-1)、LBP+CXCL10组(ig 100 mg·kg^-1+15 μg·kg^-1)、CTX组(ip 20 mg·kg^-1),另设正常对照组。连续给药2周后小鼠眼球取血,颈椎脱臼处死。分离小鼠肿瘤、脾脏、胸腺,计算肿瘤抑制率、胸腺指数、脾指数,流式细胞术检测小鼠外周血T辅助细胞1/T辅助细胞2(Th1/Th2)分化情况。 结果: 与模型组相比,LBP低、高剂量组、LBP+CXCL10组对肿瘤抑制率分别为37.83%,12.50%,14.14%; Th1/Th2分别4.44±3.05,2.48±2.93,4.36±1.96,其中LBP低剂量组及LBP+CXCL10组P<0.05。 结论: 低剂量LBP及LBP+XCL10能显著提高H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠Th1/Th2比率。     

Pharmacological effects of chronic ingestion of Garcinia kola seeds in the rat

Male rats were chronically fed a diet containing dry powdered seeds of Garcinia kola, at the level of 10% w/w for 6 weeks. The effect of this diet was investigated on gastrointestinal motility, castor oil induced diarrhea, and pentobarbital sleeping times, as well as organ and body weights at the end of 6 weeks. Garcinia kola caused marked inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, protected against castor oil induced diarrhea, prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time, and caused marked retardation of growth but did not affect organ weights compared to pair-fed controls. There is a possibility that the observations may be due to the flavonoids contained in G. kola seeds.     

黄芪总黄酮抗肝损伤作用初探

目的研究黄芪总黄酮(total navonoids 0f Astragalus,TFA)对扑热息痛所致小鼠肝损伤的预防功效。方法观察不同剂量(0、100、300、400、500 ms/kg)扑热息痛对c57BL/6J小鼠肝脏的损伤作用,比较经1天或5天(每天2次)的TFA预处理后对扑热息痛(400 mg/kg)所致肝损伤的防护作用。结果扑热息痛对小鼠肝损伤作用具有明显的量效关系。不同剂量的TFA对扑热息痛诱导小鼠肝损伤有不同程度的防护作用,其作用强度与药物浓度成正比；TFA可增加血清中SOD活性(P＜0．05)；高剂量的TFA(100mg/kg)具有降低肝组织中脂质过氧化物质的作用；此外,在相同TFA剂量下,5天组对扑热息痛诱导小鼠肝损伤的预防作用优于1天组。结论提示TFA可预防扑热息痛诱导的肝损伤,其预防作用与其使用时间有密切关系。     

Magnolol enhances pentobarbital‐induced sleeping behaviors: possible involvement of GABAergic systems

This study was performed to investigate whether magnolol enhances pentobarbital‐induced sleeping behaviors through the GABAergic systems. Magnolol prolonged the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, magnolol increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. The expression of the GABA_A receptor α‐subunit was increased selectively by magnolol, but magnolol had no effect on the abundance of β‐ or γ‐subunits. The expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was not influenced by magnolol. It is suggested that magnolol may enhance pentobarbital‐induced sleeping behaviors through the activation of GABAergic systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电针太阳、印堂穴对戊巴比妥钠所致大鼠睡眠脑电活动的影响

目的：探讨电针“太阳”、“印堂”穴对戊巴比妥钠所致大鼠睡眠时间及时相的影响。方法：大鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠，施以电针“太阳穴”、“印堂穴”，观察翻正反射消失和恢复的时间，同时用16道生理信号记录仪监测睡眠信号。结果：电针后戊巴比妥钠所致大鼠的睡眠时间明显延长，慢波睡眠2（SWS2）期在戊巴比妥钠所致大鼠的总睡眠时间中所占比例明显增加。结论：电针“太阳”、“印堂”穴可以增加戊巴比妥钠所致大鼠的慢波睡眠时间。     

Possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract: part II

Hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats has already been reported. In the present investigation effects of Azadirachta indica leaf extract on blood and liver glutathione, Na+K(+)-ATPase activity and thiobarbutiric acid reactive substances against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats have been studied with a view to elucidate possible mechanism behind its hepatoprotective action. It was interesting to observe that Azadirachta indica leaf extract has reversal effects on the levels of above mentioned parameters in paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Possible mechanism behind the results are discussed.     

丹参配方颗粒对乙醇所致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究丹参配方颗粒对乙醇损伤大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(PC12)细胞的保护作用及其机制。方法用乙醇和不同质量浓度丹参配方颗粒溶液处理PC12细胞;MTT法检测细胞存活率,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)法检测丹参配方颗粒对乙醇致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用;应用原位末端转移酶标记法(TUNEL)和Annexin V/PI标记染色检测PC12细胞凋亡情况:相关试剂盒测定总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的量;DCFH-DA染色法检测胞内活性氧(ROS)水平。结果丹参配方颗粒能够抑制乙醇导致的PC12细胞的损伤和死亡,显著降低乙醇诱导的PC12细胞的凋亡率(P0.05),提高细胞的T-SOD、CAT和GSH-Px酶活性(P0.05),降低MDA和ROS水平(P0.05)。结论丹参配方颗粒能有效保护乙醇损伤的PC12细胞,其作用机制与提高细胞抗氧化能力有关。     

Preventive and curative effects of Berberis aristata Fruit extract on paracetamol- and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity

The effect of an aqueous-methanol extract of Berberis aristata fruits (Berberidaceae) was investigated against paracetamol- and CCl₄-induced hepatic damage. Paracetamol produced 100% mortality at a dose of 1 g/kg in mice while pre-treatment of animals with crude extract (500 mg/kg) reduced the death rate to 10%. Pre-treatment of rats with fruit extract (500 mg/kg, orally twice daily for 2 days) prevented (p<0.05) the paracetamol (640 mg/kg) as well as CCl₄ (1.5 mL/kg)-induced rise in serum transaminases (GOT and GPT). Post-treatment with three successive doses of extract (500 mg/kg, 6h) restricted the hepatic damage induced by acetaminophen (p<0.01) but CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity was not altered (p>0.05). Plant extract (500 mg/kg) caused significant prolongation (p<0.01) in pentobarbital (75 mg/kg)-induced sleep as well as increased strychnine-induced lethality in mice suggestive of inhibitory effect on microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes (MDME). These results indicate that the crude extract of Berberis aristata fruits exhibits hepatoprotective action partly through MDME inhibitory action.     

Hypericum perforatum Reduces Paracetamol‐Induced Hepatotoxicity and Lethality in Mice by Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which is commercially available for therapeutic use in Brazil. Herein the effect of H. perforatum extract on paracetamol (acetaminophen)‐induced hepatotoxicity, lethality, inflammation, and oxidative stress in male swiss mice were investigated. HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of rutin, quercetin, hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin in H. perforatum extract. Paracetamol (0.15–3.0 g/kg, p.o.) induced dose‐dependent mortality. The sub‐maximal lethal dose of paracetamol (1.5 g/kg, p.o.) was chosen for the experiments in the study. H. perforatum (30–300 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently reduced paracetamol‐induced lethality. Paracetamol‐induced increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, and hepatic myeloperoxidase activity, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ concentrations as well as decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and capacity to reduce 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate radical cation; ABTS˙⁺) were inhibited by H. perforatum (300 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. Therefore, H. perforatum protects mice against paracetamol‐induced lethality and liver damage. This effect seems to be related to the reduction of paracetamol‐induced cytokine production, neutrophil recruitment, and oxidative stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The hepatoprotective effects of Solanum alatum Moench. on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Solanum alatum Moench. has been shown to have a protective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Solanum alatum treatment (100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; GOT) induced by acetaminophen (paracetamol) (600 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. It also decreased the extent of visible necrosis in liver tissue. In addition, Solanum alatum treatment restored hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion induced by acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Microsomal enzyme levels such as P-450, reductase, and aniline hydroxylation enzyme were also restored to normal levels after Solanum alatum administration. The hepatoprotective mechanism may function through direct binding with acetaminophen toxic metabolites, decreasing the attraction of acetaminophen metabolites for other cellular GSH or thiol protein. Additionally, Solanum alatum treatment increased the concentration of hepatic GSH and maintained a high level activity of GSTase, which led to acceleration of the excretion of toxic acetaminophen metabolites.