滇重楼不同生长发育期有效成分的变化规律

目的 通过对滇重楼不同生长发育期有效成分(重楼皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ)含量的研究,为滇重楼适宜采收期的确定提供实验依据.方法 采用高效液相色谱法.色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C<,18>(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 ml·min<'-1>;检测波长为203 nm;柱温为35℃.结果 不同生长期滇重楼中4种重楼皂苷总含量发生明显变化.该类成分在5～6月份含量最高;5～10月呈下降趋势;到次年的4～6月呈升高趋势.结论 明确了滇重楼不同生长发育期重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ、重楼皂苷Ⅵ、重楼皂苷Ⅶ的量和总量的动态变化规律.     

长柱重楼中主要甾体皂苷类成分的定性定量分析

为了从化学成分上研究长柱重楼是否具有重楼药材代用品的开发价值,该研究利用UPLC-Q-TOF MS比较了长柱重楼和滇重楼的化学成分,并进一步利用HPLC-UV同时测定了77株不同来源的长柱重楼中8种重楼皂苷的含量。结果显示长柱重楼和滇重楼的化学成分相似,长柱重楼化学成分更为复杂,鉴定的22个主要共有峰均为甾体类化合物。不同株长柱重楼中重楼皂苷的含量具有一定的差异,其中药典规定4种甾体皂苷(重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ)总量最高的为3.30%,最低的为0.068%,8种甾体皂苷总量最高的为6.18%,最低的为0.71%。长柱重楼中78%的样品符合《中国药典》要求,整体质量较为稳定,可以作为重楼替代品种进行研究开发。     

HPLC测定不同采收期滇重楼中薯蓣皂苷元的含量

目的:通过测定不同采收期滇重楼中薯蓣皂苷元的含量,为确定滇重楼的采收期提供参考依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(90∶10),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长203 nm,柱温35℃。结果:不同采收期滇重楼中薯蓣皂苷元含量发生明显变化。该成分在4-6月含量逐渐升高,5-6月含量最高,6-7月含量骤降且降幅较大,7-10月含量基本上一致。结论:滇重楼不同采收期薯蓣皂苷元的含量是不同,在实际应用时根据不同需要适时采收。     

基于多指标成分含量测定及HPLC指纹图谱的多茎重楼品质评价

目的 HPLC法测定不同产地多茎重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis根茎中重楼皂苷Ⅶ、H、Ⅵ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅴ的含量,建立其HPLC指纹图谱,并与滇重楼根茎对照药材HPLC指纹图谱进行比较分析。方法采用Thermore C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱,检测波长203 nm;柱温30℃;体积流量1 mL/min;进样量10μL,外标法与一测多评法同时对不同产地多茎重楼根茎中重楼皂苷Ⅶ、H、Ⅵ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅴ的含量进行测定,采用单因素方差分析法对含量差异进行分析;建立多茎重楼根茎HPLC指纹图谱,并与滇重楼根茎对照药材HPLC指纹图谱进行比较分析。结果不同产地多茎重楼根茎重楼皂苷Ⅶ、H、Ⅵ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅴ的含量测定结果表明,在线性范围内线性关系良好(r0.9997),平均加样回收率为98.34%～99.34%,RSD≤1.00%;不同产地多茎重楼根茎中重楼皂苷Ⅶ、H、Ⅵ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅴ的含量存在显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)差异,重楼皂苷(Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅵ+Ⅶ)总量在1.239%～6.236%,显著高于《中国药典》规定的重楼药材质量控制标准的0.60%,且外标法与一测多评法测定结果无显著性差异。HPLC指纹图谱相似度评价结果表明,不同产地多茎重楼和滇重楼对照药材根茎中共有12个共有指纹特征峰,二者HPLC指纹图谱相似度较高。结论该方法操作简单、准确、重复性好,可用于多茎重楼根茎中重楼皂苷Ⅶ、H、Ⅵ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅴ的含量测定;不同产地多茎重楼根茎中重楼皂苷(Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅵ+Ⅶ)总含量较高,不同产地多茎重楼与滇重楼对照药材根茎HPLC指纹图谱相似度较高。     

云南省不同地区滇重楼4种皂苷含量的比较

目的:研究云南省不同产地滇重楼中重楼皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ4种皂苷的含量。方法:采用Waters C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长203nm。结果:4种甾体皂苷在0.384-8.16μg范围内线性良好,R=0.9994-0.9998,平均加样回收率97.7%-99.1%;云南省不同产地的滇重楼中4种皂苷含量差异较大,依次为Ⅰ(0.979%)Ⅱ(0.492%)Ⅶ(0.097%)Ⅵ(0.004%);野生滇重楼皂苷的总含量(1.52%)高于人工栽培滇重楼(1.26%)。结论:该方法准确、简捷,可用于重楼中4种皂苷的含量测定。     

滇重楼高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的建立滇重楼根茎的HPLC指纹图谱,控制其质量。方法采用HPLC法,Eclipse XDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长203 nm,柱温25℃,体积流量1.0 mL/min。通过外标法对各批次样品中的重楼皂苷I、H、甾体皂苷Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、薯蓣皂苷、纤细薯蓣皂苷进行测定。结果 18批滇重楼相似度小于0.9,说明不同批次样品差异较大。同时确定了6个共有峰,并通过对照品对其进行了归属。甾体皂苷Ⅱ在S8、S9批次中的量最高,重楼皂苷I在S7批次中的量最高,甾体皂苷Ⅵ只在4个批次中检测出。结论该方法简便、准确,具有良好的精密度、重复性、稳定性,可用于滇重楼的质量控制及综合评价。     

滇重楼贮藏期间化学成分的变化

目的:研究滇重楼贮藏期间化学成分的变化,为指导滇重楼采收、经营、贮藏、加工提供依据。方法:将9份滇重楼密封后在室温下贮藏1年;运用HPLC测定重楼皂苷在贮藏前后的变化。结果:滇重楼药材贮藏1年后化学成分发生了很大变化,必然引起药材质量和功效的变化。重楼皂苷Ⅵ含量有所增加,重楼皂苷Ⅱ含量有所减少,重楼皂苷Ⅰ和重楼皂苷Ⅶ含量变化无规律,增减均有。结论:为保证药材的质量和药用功效,滇重楼不宜久藏。     

基于灰色关联度分析和聚类分析的3种滇产重楼抗肝癌作用谱效关系探索

目的:研究长柱重楼、滇重楼和南重楼的HPLC指纹图谱与其抗肝癌作用的谱效关系,为明确重楼抗肝癌作用的物质基础提供实验依据。方法:采用HPLC建立3种重楼提取物的指纹图谱,流动相乙腈(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱(0～10 min,20%A; 10～20 min,20%～25%A; 20～30 min,25%～30%A; 30～40 min,30%～35%A; 40～50 min,35%～40%A; 50～60 min,40%A; 60～75 min,40%～45%A; 75～80 min,45%～60%A),流速0. 9 m L·min~(-1),检测波长203 nm;利用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定3种重楼提取物对肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖抑制作用,计算半数抑制浓度(IC_(50));运用聚类分析(HCA)和灰色关联度分析(GRA)研究3种重楼指纹图谱和抗肝癌作用的关系,找出对抗肝癌作用贡献较大的成分。结果:在3种重楼的HPLC指纹图谱中,确定其中11个色谱峰为共有峰。作用时间72 h时长柱重楼、滇重楼、南重楼的IC_(50)分别为148. 33,178. 87,208. 09 mg·L~(-1),其中长柱重楼的抗肝癌活性最强。灰色关联度结果显示,滇重楼共有峰中关联度较高的为1～10号峰,长柱重楼共有峰关联度较高的为1～7号峰,南重楼共有峰中关联度较高的为1～4,6～10,N1号峰,与IC_(50)关联度均0. 7。各重楼变量的聚类分析结果显示,可与IC_(50)聚为一类的色谱峰的关联度均 0. 7。结论:建立了3种重楼的HPLC指纹图谱,重复性良好。3种重楼中的1～4,6和7号色谱峰对抗肝癌药效贡献最大。     

15种重楼属植物中8种甾体皂苷的含量测定

建立了同时测定重楼中8种重楼皂苷(重楼皂苷Ⅶ、H、Ⅵ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ、Ⅴ,薯蓣皂苷和纤细薯蓣皂苷)的分析方法,并对15种重楼属植物根茎中重楼皂苷的含量进行了评价。本研究采用Waters Acquity H-Class~(TM)液相色谱系统,PDA检测器,色谱柱为资生堂CAPCELL PAK ADME色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈-水为流动相(0.8 mL·min~(-1))梯度洗脱,柱温21℃;检测波长为203 nm。可知(1)8种重楼皂苷得到良好分离,稳定性和重复性好,且线性良好(R20.999 9),线性范围较宽(0.041 70~3.812 00μg),平均回收率在95.91%~103.8%。(2)不同种重楼中重楼皂苷的含量差异显著,毛重楼、狭叶重楼和金线重楼中含量较低或基本不含重楼皂苷,不适合作为重楼药用;不同产地的七叶一枝花含量差异显著;滇重楼、长柱重楼、大理重楼和五指莲中重楼皂苷含量较高,最高达5.0%,长柱重楼、大理重楼和五指莲可作为潜在的重楼药用资源。     

滇重楼品质评价及其甾体皂苷类成分积累规律分析

目的:探讨滇重楼居群内品质差异及甾体皂苷活性成分的积累规律,为该药材的品质评价及优质种质资源筛选提供实验依据。方法:采用超高效液相色谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)测定滇重楼居群内根茎、茎、叶中重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ的含量,建立各部位的UPLC指纹图谱,分析该药材居群内的品质差异及其甾体皂苷类成分的积累规律。结果:滇重楼居群内根茎和叶中总皂苷含量均0.6%,不同部位中重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅶ含量具有显著性差异,而重楼皂苷Ⅵ含量无显著性差异;UPLC指纹图谱中5个共有峰为根茎、茎、叶共有,各部位共有峰UPLC指纹图谱相似度均0.753。结论:重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ主要在植物的叶绿体中合成并进行储藏和分配,经茎向下运输,主要在根茎和叶中积累和储存,总皂苷含量在不同部位的积累规律为叶根茎茎;滇重楼不同部位中主要活性成分含量及种类差异较大。     

暗紫贝母、栽培瓦布贝母及浙贝母药效学比较

目的:比较暗紫贝母、栽培瓦布贝母及浙贝母镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用,明确栽培瓦布贝母作为野生川贝母替代资源的可行性.方法:采用小鼠氨水引咳及豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法比较3种贝母的镇咳作用.小鼠酚红排痰法及大鼠毛细管排痰实验法比较3种贝母的祛痰作用;整体动物引喘实验法比较3种贝母的平喘作用.每个实验均分为5个组,分别为阴性对照组,阳性对照组,暗紫贝母组,栽培瓦布贝母组及浙贝母组.阴性组采用蒸馏水或生理盐水灌胃5d.镇咳实验中3种贝母的剂量分别为2.5g·kg-1·d-1(小鼠),1.5g·kg-1·d-1(豚鼠);祛痰实验中3种贝母的剂量分别为2 g·kg-1·d-1(小鼠),1 g·kg-1·d-1(大鼠),平喘实验中3种贝母的剂量为1.5 g·kg-1·d-1.结果:栽培瓦布贝母祛痰作用与暗紫贝母相当,小鼠酚红排泌量与阴性对照组比较,P＜0.01,大鼠毛细管排泌量与阴性对照组比较P＜0.05,栽培瓦布贝母平喘作用与暗紫贝母相当,哮喘潜伏期与阴性对照组比较,P＜0.05,暗紫贝母与栽培瓦布贝母作用差异无统计学意义;栽培瓦布贝母镇咳作用与暗紫贝母及浙贝母相当,减少枸橼酸引咳后5 min内咳嗽次数与阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义.结论:栽培瓦布贝母可作为野生川贝母的替代资源推广种植与应用.     

In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb.

Aims of the study

Calophyllum brasiliense (Camb.) is a medicinal tree that grows particularly in the hilly and forested regions of Brazil. Preparations from its stem bark are popular remedies for the treatment of chronic ulcers. Since earlier investigations on bark extracts evidenced gastroprotective and gastric acid inhibitory properties, this study evaluated the effects of hydroethanolic extract (HEECb) and the dichloromethanic fraction (DCMF), from Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark, against Helicobacter pylori, in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and methods

The in vitro assays were performed using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The test substances were evaluated in vivo taking into account the delay in the gastric ulcer healing in Wistar rats, infected with Helicobacter pylori.

Results

DCMF appeared the most active and potent in vitro against Helicobacter pylori growth with an MIC of 31 μg/mL. In the in vivo assays, rats ulcerated by acetic acid, and inoculated with Helicobacter pylori showed a marked delay in ulcer healing. Treatment with HEECb (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and DCMF (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerated area in a dose-dependent manner. While DCMF, at 200 mg/kg, increased the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) level, both HEECb and DCMF decreased the number of urease-positive animals, as confirmed by the reduction of Helicobacter pylori presence in histopathological analysis.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the antiulcer activity of Calophyllum brasiliense is due, in part, to its anti-Helicobacter pylori action, validating the popular use of this species.     

In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of Acer tegmentosum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Acer tegmentosum, which contains salidroside and tyrosol, has been used for the treatment of hepatic disorders in eastern Asia. However, little is known about its safety.

Aim of the study

To determine the safety of Acer tegmentosum, we evaluated its acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity profiles.

Materials and methods

Salidroside and tyrosol present in Acer tegmentosum were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Acute oral toxicity testing of Acer tegmentosum was performed in rats. Genotoxicity of Acer tegmentosum was assessed by bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and bone marrow micronucleus tests. All the tests were conducted in accordance with the good laboratory practices.

Results

The amounts of salidroside and tyrosol in Acer tegmentosum were found to be 85.01±1.21 mg/g and 3.12±0.04 mg/g, respectively. In the bacterial reverse mutation test, Acer tegmentosum increased the number of revertant Salmonella typhimurium TA98 colonies, regardless of metabolic activation by S9 mixture. In contrast, Acer tegmentosum application did not significantly increase the number of chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice. In the acute oral toxicity test, the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of Acer tegmentosum was found to be >2000 mg/kg in rats.

Conclusion

Take together, Acer tegmentosum exhibits mutagenicity, which was evident from the bacterial reverse mutation test. Further studies are needed to identify the components responsible for such an effect and the underlying mechanisms.     

Antimalarial and safety evaluation of Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern: In-vitro and in-vivo study

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Many of the effective therapeutic strategies have been derived from ethnopharmacologically used natural products. Pluchea lanceolata is an herb employed in Indian folk medicine for malaria like fever but it lacks proper pharmacological intervention.

Aim of the study

To evaluate antimalarial and safety profile of Pluchea lanceolata: an in-vitro, in-vivo for its ethnopharmacological validation.

Materials and methods

Methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane extracts and its isolate, taraxasterol acetate (TxAc) were obtained from air dried aerial part of Pluchea lanceolata. These were tested in-vitro against chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 by measuring the parasite specific lactate dehydrogenase activity. The most potent hexane extract and TxAc were further validated for in-vivo antimalarial and safety evaluation. TxAc, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from the most active fraction was further evaluated with special emphasis on inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis. Murine malaria was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of Plasmodium berghei infected red blood cells to the male Swiss inbred mice. Mice were orally treated following Peters 4-Day suppression test. In-vivo antimalarial efficacy was examined by evaluating the parasitaemia, percent survival, mean survival time, blood glucose, haemoglobin and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis.

Results

Hexane extract and TxAc showed promising antimalarial activity in-vitro and in-vivo condition. TxAc attributed in inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as afford to significant increase in the blood glucose and haemoglobin level when compared with vehicle treated infected mice. We have not observed the synergistic action of combinations of chloroquine and TxAc from our experimental results. In-vitro and in-vivo safety evaluation study revealed that hexane extract is non toxic at higher concentration.

Conclusion

Present study further validates the ancient Indian traditional knowledge and use of Pluchea lanceolata as an antimalarial agent. Study confirms the suitability of Pluchea lanceolata as a candidate for further studies to obtain a prototype for antimalarial medicine.     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Lentinus polychrous extract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Lentinus polychrous is a Thai local edible mushroom, traditionally used for the treatments of fever and inflammation due to snake or scorpion envenomation.

Aim of study

The present study aimed to investigate an anti-inflammatory effect of Lentinus polychrous mycelial extract (LPME) both in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and methods

The cytotoxicity and suppressive effects of LPME on nitric oxide production, intracellular O₂⁻ production, pro-inflammatory mediator expression, TNF-α production were determined by using LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, Anti-inflammatory effect of LPME was evaluated by using carageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

Results

The LPME exhibited cytotoxicity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 280.25±10.10 μg/ml and significantly suppressed the productions of NO and intracellular O₂⁻ with dose-dependent manner. LPME decreased the expressions of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 and significantly decreased the TNF-α production in LPS-activated macrophage with dose-dependent manners. Moreover, LPME showed significant suppressive effect on paw edema in rats.

Conclusion

The results clearly revealed that the LPME inhibited NO and pro-inflammatory productions by down-regulating the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators leading to the decrease paw edema in rat which support the traditional use.     

In vitro activity of Tridax procumbens against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tridax procumbens is an active herb against leishmaniasis.

Aim of the study

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by Leishmania protozoa. We investigated the antileishmanial activity of Tridax procumbens extracts and a pure compound against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World.

Materials and methods

Extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1) were obtained by chromatographic methods from Tridax procumbens, and the latter identified by spectroscopic analysis. The effect of these extracts and 1 on the growth inhibition of promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana was evaluated. In order to test the safety of extracts and 1, mammalian cells were treated with them, and cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT.

Results

We demonstrated that extracts of Tridax procumbens and 1 showed a pronounced activity against Leishmania mexicana. The methanol extract inhibited promastigotes growth of Leishmania mexicana with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 3 μg/ml, while oxylipin 1 exhibited the highest inhibition at IC₅₀ = 0.478 μg/ml.

Conclusions

In this study we report the biological activity of extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1), obtained from Tridax procumbens, on the promastigote form of Leishmania mexicana, with no effect upon mammalian cells.     

北柴胡糖基转移酶基因BcUGT3,BcUGT6的表达分析及其原核表达

该研究测定了北柴胡中2个糖基转移酶基因BcUGT3和BcUGT6在不同组织中的转录水平及MeJA处理后不定根中的转录水平。BcUGT3在根、叶、花和果中的转录水平无明显差异,但均高于茎中的转录水平。BcUGT6在叶中转录水平最高,在花中最低。以未处理的为对照,BcUGT6在MeJA处理后2 h,8 h,24 h,2 d,4 d的北柴胡不定根中,转录水平均提高近2倍,表明BcUGT6的转录受MeJA影响较小。BcUGT3转录水平随处理时间的延长不断增加,4 d时,达7倍左右。利用载体pET-28a（+）,进行了2个基因的原核表达。IPTG诱导后,宿主菌表达出了目的蛋白,并获得了纯化蛋白。为后续开展这2个基因的功能研究奠定了基础。     

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa methanol extract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. is a representative Thai medicinal plant traditionally used in South Asian countries to relieve various inflammatory symptoms. However, no systematic studies on its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms have been reported.

Materials and methods

The effect of the methanol extract from the leaves of this plant (Rt-ME) on the production of inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂)] and the molecular mechanism of Rt-ME-mediated inhibition, including target enzymes, were studied with RAW264.7, peritoneal macrophage, and HEK293 cells. Additionally, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of this extract was evaluated with mouse gastritis and colitis models.

Results

Rt-ME clearly inhibited the production of NO and PGE₂ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. According to RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses and a kinase assay with mRNA, whole cell extract, and nucleus lysates from RAW264.7 cells and mice, it was revealed that Rt-ME was capable of suppressing the activation of both nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 pathways by directly targeting Syk/Src and IRAK1/IRAK4.

Conclusion

Rt-ME could have anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing Syk/Src/NF-kB and IRAK1/IRAK4/AP-1 pathways and will be further developed as a herbal remedy for preventive and/or curative purposes in various inflammatory diseases.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。