经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对既往冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞冠心病患者生活质量的影响

目的 观察经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗对既往冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（CTO）患者生活质量的影响。 方法 连续性纳入2010年8月至2018年8月在西京医院心血管内科成功行PCI的123例患者,分为非CABG组和CABG组。收集病历资料,随访主要心血管事件（MACE）,通过SAQ量表和SF-12量表比较患者生活质量的改变。 结果 CABG组患者的左室射血分数（LVEF）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）显著低于非CABG组（P<0.01）。影像学中CABG组患者的左主干（LM）合并两支或三支冠脉病变的比例高于非CABG组,而非LM单支或两支冠脉病变比例低于非CABG组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。随访时间为PCI术后（47±3）月,CABG组患者的全因病死率高于非CABG组,在非致死性心肌梗死和临床驱动的再次血运重建率中,非CABG组高于CABG组,但差异均无统计学意义。CABG组患者的SAQ量表中躯体活动受限程度的评分高于非CABG组[（68±7）vs（59±2）分],心绞痛稳定程度的评分高于非CABG组[（70±9） vs （46±6）分],心绞痛发作频率的评分也高于非CABG组[（88±8） vs （80±6）],差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。而在治疗满意程度和疾病认知程度方面无明显差异。CABG组患者的SF-12量表中生理得分高于非CABG组[（46±5）vs （39±4）分,P<0.05],但两组的心理得分的差异无统计学意义。 结论 成功PCI使既往CABG的CTO冠心病患者心绞痛症状及生活质量得到改善。     

53例介入治疗后冠脉搭桥手术治疗体会

目的总结介入治疗后患者冠脉搭桥手术的临床特点。方法本组53例患者,体外循环心脏停跳下CABG15例,非体外循环心脏停跳下行CABG(OPCABG)38例。结果死亡2例,术后再发心绞痛1例,其余患者疗效满意。结论介入治疗后能造成冠脉血管内膜损伤;降低CABG动脉血管材料使用率;增加外科需血管化的靶血管数目。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并血液透析患者的疗效分析

目的:研究非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗冠心病合并血液透析患者的疗效。方法:收集2008年1月—2020年1月本中心收治的冠心病术前合并血液透析接受CABG治疗的病例资料。其中68例接受常规体外循环停跳CABG治疗(on-pump组),56例接受非体外循环CABG治疗(off-pump组)。对两组患者的住院和早期随访临床资料进行分析比较。结果:与off-pump组比较,on-pump组手术时间、术后呼吸机辅助、重症监护和住院时间均延长,用血量和术后引流量增多,肺部感染发生率上升(均P0.05)。低心排、IABP辅助和30 d病死率在两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论:非体外循环CABG是冠心病合并血液透析患者安全有效的治疗方法,可以减少手术创伤和并发症、缩短住院时间。     

非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉搭桥患者术后对比观察

冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)是近年来冠心外科发展的一项新技术。1998～2001年12月,我院共对54例患者行CABG术,其中24例在非体外循环下手术,30例在体外循环下手术,笔者对术后恢复及并发症情况进行了对比观察。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 54例患者均为冠心病不稳定型心绞疼,按手术方法不同分为非体外组和体外组。两组     

80岁以上冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床观察

目的:总结80岁以上超高龄患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床特点和结果。方法:对阜外心血管病医院2003年8月至2013年7月期间,112例行CABG的80岁以上患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。记录术前一般情况、冠状动脉病变、合并疾病、治疗情况、术中手术方式、术后恢复情况以及并发症和病死率。结果:术前3支病变或合并左主干病变的患者占72%,66%的患者合并高血压,52%高血脂,22%心律失常,31%糖尿病,19%呼吸功能不全,58%不稳定心绞痛,9.8%急性心肌梗死,23%陈旧性心肌梗死,22%脑卒中史。70例患者常温下行CABG术,42例体外循环下行CABG术,其中3例为CABG+室壁瘤切除术。平均旁路移植数量为(2.7±0.6)支。全组死亡3例,围术期心肌梗死2例,延迟苏醒5例,肺部感染8例,机械通气时间延长13例,新发生脑卒中2例,肾替代治疗4例,出血需二次手术6例。结论:80岁以上的超高龄冠心病患者,体外循环和非体外循环CABG均可提供安全有效的治疗效果,对于术前冠状动脉病变程度较重,术中需要再血管化搭桥数量较多、合并室壁瘤切除或其他心脏直视手术的患者,采用体外循环下手术。对于冠状动脉病变适合不停跳条件下就可以充分再血管化的患者,采用非体外循环CABG是适宜的手术方式。     

药物洗脱支架置入与冠状动脉搭桥治疗糖尿病患者冠状动脉多支病变近中期疗效的比较

目的:比较雷帕霉素洗脱支架(DES)置入术与冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)治疗糖尿病并发冠状动脉多支病变患者的近中期疗效.方法:回顾性分析2003-07-01-2004-06-30入院并接受DES置入或CABG治疗的糖尿病患者490例的基础临床资料、院内及院外随访资料,比较不同冠状动脉血运重建方式对糖尿病多支病变患者临床结果的影响.结果:250例患者接受DES置入(DES组),240例患者选择CABG治疗(CABG组).与DES组相比,CABG组患者的冠状动脉病变更为复杂,左主干病变以及慢性闭塞病变的比例较高;DES组弥漫长病变以及再狭窄病变的比例较高.CABG组与DES组院内不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率差异无统计学意义(3.3%:1.2%,P＞0.05).共有440例患者接受了不同形式的随访,随访率为89.7%.2组患者随访病死率、非致死性脑卒中以及非致死性心肌梗死的发生率均差异无统计学意义; 但DES组患者需要再次血运重建的比例明显高于CABG组(11.3%:1.9%,P<0.01);DES组患者随访MACCE发生率高于CABG组(17.4%:8.6%,P<0.01).再次血运重建比例较高是导致DES组随访不良事件增加的主要原因.结论:糖尿病多支病变患者CABG后近中期MACCE发生率低于DES置入术.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术近期预后的影响因素分析

目的 分析影响冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)近期预后的相关因素,旨在为改善CABG术的效果提供一些依据。方法 收集2019年6月—12月在广东省人民医院心血管外科接受初次CABG手术的65例患者的临床资料,分别比较纳入患者的术前、术中及术后临床指标及手术效果,筛选出可能影响CABG术近期预后的相关因素。结果 纳入接受体外循环CABG术患者55例,非体外循环CABG术(OPCABG)患者10例。年龄高导致CABG术后非正常(死亡和自动出院)出院率增加(P＝0.024);OPCABG(P＝0.009)、正高职称医师主刀(P＝0.027)可减少术后住院时间;同期处理心脏瓣膜可能增加术后并发症的发生(P＝0.012);吸烟者术后心功能恢复较慢(P＝0.017)。体外循环时间与重症监护病房时间呈正相关(r＝0.621,P＜0.001)。65例患者中院内死亡1例,死亡率1.54%。结论 年龄、OPCABG、同期处理瓣膜、吸烟、正高职称医师主刀、术前高密度脂蛋白水平和体外循环时间是可能影响冠心病患者CABG近期预后的因素。     

糖尿病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后胸痛复发特征的分析

目的:分析糖尿病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后胸痛复发的临床特征和桥血管病变特点。方法:连续入选2002年11月至2016年12月,北京安贞医院心内科,以CABG术后再发胸痛为主要原因首次住院并完成冠状动脉造影的患者797例,其中男性627例,女性170例。按照患者有无糖尿病分为糖尿病组(301例)和非糖尿病组(496例)。记录入选病例的基本临床信息和实验室检查指标。根据冠状动脉造影结果记录血管病变程度及病变部位。分析两组既往病史、造影距离CABG时间、桥血管的病变程度和病变部位的差异。结果:糖尿病组男性比例低于非糖尿病组(P=0.005),高血压比例高于非糖尿病组(P=0.004)。比较两组冠状动脉造影距离CABG的时间,糖尿病组6个月(P=0.003)及6个月~1年(P=0.029)的比例均低于非糖尿病组,1~5年的比例高于非糖尿病组(P=0.018)。糖尿病组红细胞计数(P=0.027)、血肌酐(P=0.006)、尿酸(P=0.004)以及CDL-C(P=0.009)均低于非糖尿病组,空腹血糖高于非糖尿病组(P0.001)。两组乳内动脉桥、静脉桥的病变程度和病变部位未见显著差异。结论:有无糖尿病在乳内动脉桥和静脉桥病变程度和部位方面无明显差异。糖尿病患者CABG后复发胸痛多出现在术后1~5年,糖尿病规范治疗对于改善CABG的预后具有重要意义。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的疗效

目的 观察非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）治疗冠心病的疗效。方法 170例冠心病患者随机分为体外循环下CABG组（On-pump组，n=85例）和非体外循环不停跳CABG组（Off-pump组，n=85例）。观察两组患者氧合指数（OI）、肺泡-动脉氧差（AaDO2）、呼吸机辅助时间、正性肌力药物使用量及时间、术后24 h出血量、输血量及心肌酶值。结果 Off-pump组在出血量、输血量、辅助呼吸时间、呼吸指标均明显优于On-pump组，正性肌力药物使用时间及心肌酶值显著少于On-pump组（P<0.05，P<0.01）。结论 采用非体外循环进行CABG治疗冠心病优于体外循环。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后左乳内动脉-左前降支桥血管转归及影响因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后左乳内动脉-左前降支(LIMA-LAD桥血管的转归及影响因素。方法入选2002年11月至2016年12月北京安贞医院心内科因CABG术后胸闷、胸痛症状复发接受冠状动脉造影的患者共632例。收集患者基本信息、发病相关临床信息、既往病史、实验室化验指标以及CABG时长、术前LIMA管径、峰流速等资料。根据冠状动脉造影结果评价LIMA-LAD桥血管狭窄程度,将LIMA-LAD桥血管狭窄≥50%的患者归入狭窄组(139例),LIMA-LAD桥血管狭窄50%的患者归入非狭窄组(493例)。结果 632例患者中男性518例(82.0%),平均年龄(59.78±8.70)岁;再发心绞痛582例(92.1%),急性心肌梗死50例(7.9%)。所有患者CABG距离冠状动脉造影时间为(52.14±42.77)个月。狭窄组患者外周血管疾病比例(2.9%比8.3%,P=0.025)、CABG距离造影时间[29.0(14.0,73.0)个月比42.0(18.5,79.0)个月,P=0.041]、CABG术前LIMA峰流速[64.60(54.75,80.00)cm/s比70.00(58.35,84.10)cm/s,P=0.025]均低于非狭窄组,而CABG术前LAD狭窄75%的比例(22.3%比6.7%,P0.001)显著大于非狭窄组,差异均有统计学意义。logistic回归分析结果显示,CABG术前LAD狭窄75%(OR 3.796,95%CI 2.046～7.045,P0.001)与术后LIMA-LAD桥血管狭窄存在相关性,冠心病危险因素(如高血压病、糖尿病、吸烟)以及CABG手术时长等与桥血管狭窄无明显相关性。结论 CABG术前LAD靶血管狭窄程度可能影响术后LIMA-LAD桥血管狭窄的发生,术前评估冠状动脉应考虑靶血管狭窄程度对LIMA桥血管通畅性的影响。     

Outcomes of cardiac surgery in patients > or = 80 years: results from the National Cardiovascular Network

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate characteristics and outcomes of patients age > or =80 undergoing cardiac surgery. BACKGROUND: Prior single-institution series have found high mortality rates in octogenarians after cardiac surgery. However, the major preoperative risk factors in this age group have not been identified. In addition, the additive risks in the elderly of valve replacement surgery at the time of bypass are unknown. METHODS: We report in-hospital morbidity and mortality in 67,764 patients (4,743 octogenarians) undergoing cardiac surgery at 22 centers in the National Cardiovascular Network. We examine the predictors of in-hospital mortality in octogenarians compared with those predictors in younger patients. RESULTS: Octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery had fewer comorbid illnesses but higher disease severity and surgical urgency than younger patients. Octogenarians had significantly higher in-hospital mortality after cardiac surgery than younger patients: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) only (8.1% vs. 3.0%), CABG/aortic valve (10.1% vs. 7.9%), CABG/mitral valve (19.6% vs. 12.2%). In addition, they had twice the incidence of postoperative stroke and renal failure. The preoperative clinical factors predicting CABG mortality in the very elderly were quite similar to those for younger patients with age, emergency surgery and prior CABG being the powerful predictors of outcome in both age categories. Of note, elderly patients without significant comorbidity had in-hospital mortality rates of 4.2% after CABG, 7% after CABG with aortic valve replacement (CABG/AVR), and 18.2% after CABG with mitral valve replacement (CABG/MVR). CONCLUSIONS: Risks for octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery are less than previously reported, especially for CABG only or CABG/AVR. In selected octogenarians without significant comorbidity, mortality approaches that seen in younger patients.     

Prediction of operative mortality after valve replacement surgery.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to develop national benchmarks for valve replacement surgery by developing statistical risk models of operative mortality. BACKGROUND: National risk models for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) have gained widespread acceptance, but there are no similar models for valve replacement surgery. METHODS: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Surgery Database was used to identify risk factors associated with valve surgery from 1994 through 1997. The population was drawn from 49,073 patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) and from 43,463 patients undergoing CABG combined with AVR or MVR. Two multivariable risk models were developed: one for isolated AVR or MVR and one for CABG plus AVR or CABG plus MVR. RESULTS: Operative mortality rates for AVR, MVR, combined CABG/AVR and combined CABG/ MVR were 4.00%, 6.04%, 6.80% and 13.29%, respectively. The strongest independent risk factors were emergency/salvage procedures, recent infarction, reoperations and renal failure. The c-indexes were 0.77 and 0.74 for the isolated valve replacement and combined CABG/valve replacement models, respectively. These models retained their predictive accuracy when applied to a prospective patient population undergoing operation from 1998 to 1999. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was 10.6 (p = 0.225) for the isolated valve replacement model and 12.2 (p = 0.141) for the CABG/valve replacement model. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical models have been developed to accurately predict operative mortality after valve replacement surgery. These models can be used to enhance quality by providing a national benchmark for valve replacement surgery.     

Outcomes after aortic and mitral valve replacement surgery in Canada: 1994/95 to 1999/2000

BACKGROUND: Although outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been studied extensively across Canada, using both clinical and administrative databases, studies examining outcomes after valve surgery in Canada have been restricted to regional investigations using clinical data sources of limited scope. The objective of the present study was to report on observed and risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rates after aortic valve replacement (AVR) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) across Canada between 1994/95 and 1999/2000 using administrative data. METHODS: All cases of AVR and MVR (with and without concomitant CABG) performed between 1994/95 and 1999/2000 were identified using hospital discharge abstract data obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Rates of in-hospital mortality were risk-adjusted using logistic regression modelling techniques to account for variations in sociodemographic, comorbidity, and disease-specific indicators of average severity of illness across years and provinces. Risk-adjusted outcomes were unavailable for the province of Quebec. RESULTS: The overall in-hospital mortality rate, excluding Quebec, between 1994/95 and 1999/2000 after isolated AVR with or without CABG was 3.7% and isolated MVR with or without CABG was 5.7%. Although risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rates by year were unchanged between 1994/95 and 1999/2000, significant interprovincial variation did exist, ranging from 2.6% to 6.8% for AVR with or without CABG and 2.5% to 13.0% for MVR with or without CABG. CONCLUSION: In-hospital mortality rates after valve surgery have remained stable over time. However, significant variation in outcomes was noted between provinces. The results of this study provide the first comprehensive account of valve surgery outcomes across Canada.     

107例双瓣置换手术临床分析

目的：回顾分析107例双瓣置换手术围手术期资料,探讨双瓣置换的围手术期临床特点。方法：手术在体外循环,中度低温情况下进行,其中保留二尖瓣及瓣下结构98例,左房折叠10例,二尖瓣成形82例,同时行冠脉旁路移植术（CABG）5例。结果：105例患者康复出院,死亡2例,死因分别是低心排综合症及恶性心律失常。结论：双瓣膜置换是治疗瓣膜病变的有效手段,适当的手术时机,不断改进和提高体外循环技术,手术技巧,尽量保留瓣下结构,可降低手术风险,提高疗效。     

冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的探讨冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗原则。方法选择冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者61例,并对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 45例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣成形术,16例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣置换术,其中2例患者行二尖瓣置换术,术后早期死于心力衰竭,余59例均治愈岀院。术后复查超声心动图检查显示,左心室舒张末内径从(52.8±11.3)mm降至(47.9±8.9)mm(P<0.01),LVEF从(46±11)%升至(52±12)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对于冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者,同期处理二尖瓣后效果满意。     

Cardiac surgery in octogenarians; peri-operative outcome and long-term results.

AIMS: Because the elderly are increasingly referred for operation, we reviewed the results of cardiac surgery in patients of 80 years or older. METHODS AND RESULTS: Records of 182 consecutive octogenarians who had had cardiac operations between 1992 and 1998 were reviewed. Follow-up was 100% complete. Seventy patients had coronary grafting (CABG), 70 aortic valve replacement, 30 aortic valve replacement+CABG, and 12 mitral valve repair/replacement. Rates of hospital death, stroke, and prolonged stay (>14 days) were as follows: CABG: 7 (10%), 2 (2.8%) and 41 (58%); aortic valve replacement: 6 (8.5%), 2 (2.8%) and 32 (45.7%); aortic valve replacement+CABG: 8 (26.5%), 1 (3.8%) and 14 (46.6%); mitral valve repair/replacement: 3 (25%), 1 (8.3%) and 5 (41.6%). Multivariate predictors (P<0.05) of hospital death were New York Heart Association functional class, urgent procedure, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, and, after aortic valve replacement, previous percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty. Ascending aortic atheromatous disease was predictive of stroke, while pre-operative myocardial infarction was predictive of prolonged hospital stay. Actuarial 5-year survival was as follows: CABG, 65.8+/-8.8%; aortic valve replacement, 63.6+/-7.1%; aortic valve replacement+CABG, 62.4+/-6.8%; mitral valve repair/replacement, 57.1+/-5.6%; and total, 63.0+/-5.6%. Multivariate predictors of late death were pre-operative myocardial infarction, and urgent procedure. Ninety percent of long-term survivors were in New York Heart Association class I or II, and 87% believed having a heart operation after age 80 years was a good choice. CONCLUSION: Cardiac operations are successful in most octogenarians with increased hospital mortality, and longer hospital stay. Long-term survival and quality of life are good.     

Valve structure and survival in octogenarians having aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis (+/- aortic regurgitation) with versus without coronary artery bypass grafting at a single US medical center (1993 to 2005)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve structure on both early and late survival in octogenarians having aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis (AS) (with or without aortic regurgitation). Although a number of reports are available in octogenarians having AVR for AS, none have described aortic valve structure. Most have limited numbers of patients and few have described late results. We analyzed survival and valve structure in 196 octogenarians having AVR for AS from 1993 to 2005 at Baylor University Medical Center, including 118 (60%) with and 78 (40%) without simultaneous CABG. Sixty-day mortality, which was identical to 30-day mortality, was similar (10% and 11%) in the groups with and without simultaneous CABG. Unadjusted analysis of late survival (up to 13 year follow-up) was not affected by gender (male vs female), aortic valve structure (bicuspid vs tricuspid) or preoperative severity of the AS (transvalvular peak pressure gradient > 50 vs < or =50 mm Hg), or by performance of CABG. Of the 196 patients, 54 (28%) had a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, and 142 (72%) had a tricuspid aortic valve. In conclusion, gender, valve structure, preoperative severity of the AS, or performance of simultaneous CABG did not effect survival in octogenarians having AVR for AS.     

When is concomitant aortic valve replacement indicated in patients with mild to moderate stenosis undergoing coronary revascularization?

Mild to moderate aortic stenosis is a common finding in patients presenting for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and its management is controversial. However, review of available data suggests a surgical strategy for these patients. Recent data demonstrate that 1) progression of aortic stenosis is more rapid in those with leaflet calcification; 2) the addition of aortic valve replacement to CABG in patients with mild to moderate stenosis does not increase hospital mortality when compared with bypass surgery alone; 3) hospital mortality for aortic valve replacement after previous bypass surgery has declined in recent years; 4) aortic valve replacement places the patient at risk for prosthesisrelated complications; 5) the limited 10-year survival (competing risk of death) leaves only a minority of individuals with mild aortic stenosis alive and eligible for aortic valve replacement 10 years after bypass surgery; and 6) combined aortic valve replacement and CABG confers a survival benefit in those with moderate aortic stenosis but not in those with mild aortic stenosis. Therefore, in the coronary artery bypass patient with moderate aortic stenosis, leaflet calcification, and life expectancy greater than 5 years, concomitant aortic valve replacement is advised. In contrast, aortic valve replacement is rarely indicated in those with mild aortic stenosis.     

Valve structure and survival in sexagenarians having aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis (+/-aortic regurgitation) with versus without coronary artery bypass grafting at a single US medical center (1993 to 2005)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the influence of valve structure on both early and late survival in sexagenarians having aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis (AS) (with or without aortic regurgitation). We analyzed survival and valve structure in 289 sexagenarians having AVR for AS from 1993 through 2005 at Baylor University Medical Center, including 147 (51%) with and 142 (49%) without simultaneous CABG. Of the 282 patients with information available, 13 (4.6%) died within 30 days of operation and 1 additional patient, from 31 to 60 days after operation (5.0% 60-day mortality). Sixty-day mortality was similar (6% and 4%) in the groups with and without simultaneous CABG. A total of 66 patients (23%) died from >60 days up to 13 years postoperatively. The unadjusted survival analysis showed that late survival was not affected by gender (male versus female), aortic valve structure (unicuspid, bicuspid, and quadricuspid versus tricuspid) or preoperative severity of the AS (transvalvular peak pressure gradient >50 mm Hg versus < or =50 mm Hg), or by performance of CABG. The aortic valve was congenitally unicuspid in 10 patients (3%), congenitally bicuspid in 170 (59%), 3-cuspid in 107 (37%), congenitally quadricuspid in 1 patient, and the valve structure was indeterminate in 1 patient. In conclusion, gender, valve structure, preoperative severity of the AS, or performance of simultaneous CABG did not effect unadjusted survival in sexagenarians undergoing AVR for AS.     

Cost-effectiveness of targeting patients undergoing cardiac surgery for therapy with intravenous amiodarone to prevent atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of administering prophylactic intravenous (IV) amiodarone therapy to patients undergoing cardiac surgery according to their predicted risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation. BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of cardiovascular surgery that is associated with a significant increase in hospitalization costs. Intravenous amiodarone has been shown to decrease the incidence of postoperative AF. METHODS: All 8,709 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 1,217 patients who underwent valve replacement and 624 patients who underwent CABG and valve replacement procedures (CABG + valve) from January 1, 1994, to June 30, 1999, at Emory University Hospitals were studied. Models predicting the risk of AF were developed using logistic regression; linear regression was used to estimate the influence of AF on hospitalization costs. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated for patient subsets identified according to their predicted risk of AF. RESULTS: Postoperative AF rates were 17.7% for CABG, 24.6% for valve and 33.8% for CABG + valve. Using 5,000 dollars as an acceptable cost per episode of atrial fibrillation averted, prophylactic IV amiodarone in CABG patients was not found to be cost-effective. Therapy would be recommended for roughly 5% of valve patients with a predicted risk of atrial fibrillation >45%, and roughly two thirds of CABG + valve patients who have a predicted risk of >30%. CONCLUSIONS: Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic IV amiodarone varies according to type of surgery and the predicted risk of atrial fibrillation. Older patients undergoing valve replacement, particularly those with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and those undergoing concomitant CABG are likely to be the most appropriate candidates for IV amiodarone therapy in the perioperative period.