同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术和冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期预后及体外循环的影响

目的评价同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗合并无症状重度颈动脉狭窄的冠心病患者的早期预后以及体外循环对患者预后的影响。方法本研究包括中国阜外医院于2005年1月-2015年1月接受同期单侧CEA和CABG的69名合并无症状重度颈动脉狭窄的冠心病患者。69名患者根据CABG是否应用体外循环被分为2组:体外循环组(n=36)和非体外循环组(n=33)。患者主要的心脑血管不良事件和死亡的发生率被研究。结果体外循环组患者术后脑卒中、TIA、谵妄、Q波性心肌梗死、心脏停搏的心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)和死亡的发生率分别为16.67%和2.78%,非体外循环组患者术后MACCE和死亡的发生率均为3.03%,2组患者间术后MACCE事件和死亡的发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与体外循环组比较,非体外循环组术后ICU停留时间和住院时间缩短,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论同期CEA和CABG对于冠心病合并重度无症状颈动脉狭窄患者的近期疗效满意。CEA后全麻下CABG较体外循环下CABG显著缩短患者术后的ICU停留时间和住院时间。     

单中心体外和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后远期临床效果研究

目的:对比研究体外和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后的长期临床效果以及影响长期预后的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月至2005年12月,在北京安贞医院单纯行CABG术顺利出院751例患者的临床资料,对其进行随访,所有病例随访截止时间为2018年7月,随访结果为生存时间(月)、死亡事件、再次心肌血运重建(经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和CABG术)、前降支通畅率,用倾向得分匹配(1∶1)和生存分析的方法评估患者的临床效果差异。结果:随访时间为150～162个月,随访期内死亡176例(23.4%),其中与心脏相关死亡125例(16.6%)。体外循环(OPCABG)组和非体外循环(ONCABG)组术后10年、13年生存率分别为71.4%vs. 78.1%、69.6%vs. 75.0%,两组生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。COX回归分析表明,年龄(RR=0.544,P=0.00)、吸烟(RR=6.678,P=0.00)、糖尿病(RR=2.937,P=0.00)、EuroSCORE3(RR=2.245,P=0.035)。OPCABG和ONCABG的前降支通畅率为87.6%和90.4%(P0.05)。结论:OPCABG和ONCABG对冠心病患者治疗的远期效果无明显差异,高龄(60岁)、吸烟、糖尿病、EuroSCORE评分3分(中高危)是影响患者长期预后的独立危险因素,而体外循环的运用并不影响患者的长期临床效果。     

不同颈动脉手术方法对于冠心病合并重度颈动脉狭窄患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术早期预后影响的对比研究

目的评价颈动脉内膜剥脱术(Carotid Endarterectomy,CEA)或颈动脉支架植入术(Carotid Artery Stent,CAS)对于冠心病合并无症状重度颈动脉狭窄患者同期接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(Coronary Artery Bypass Graft,CABG)早期预后的影响。方法本研究包括中国阜外医院于2005年12月-2014年12月60名合并无症状重度颈动脉狭窄的冠心病患者。其中,组1为27名患者接受单侧CAS后同期接受非体外循环下CABG,组2为33名患者接受单侧CEA后同期接受非体外循环下CABG。记录并分析患者主要的心脑血管不良事件和死亡的发生率。结果 CAS-CABG组患者术后心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)和死亡的发生率分别为14.81%和0%,CEA-CABG组患者术后MACCE和死亡的发生率均为3.03%,两组患者间术后MACCE事件和死亡的发生率无统计学差异(p0.05)。与CEA-CABG组比较,CAS-CABG组术后24h胸液引流量显著增多,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。与CEA-CABG组比较,CASCABG组术后住院时间显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论同期单侧CAS和非体外循环下CABG与同期单侧CEA和非体外循环下CABG对于冠心病合并重度无症状颈动脉狭窄患者的近期疗效均满意。同期单侧CAS和非体外循环下CABG较同期单侧CEA和非体外循环下CABG术后住院时间缩短。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术患者生活质量多维度分析

目的:分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)下不同术式对老年冠心病(CHD)患者生活质量影响。方法:选择152例老年CHD患者,根据手术方式分为体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)组83例和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)组69例,并比较两组术后生活质量等方面差异。结果:OPCABG组患者住院天数及并发症发生率均显著低于CCABG组(P0.05)。术后12个月两组LVEF较术前均显著改善(P0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。OPCABG组社会功能(SF)、精神健康(MH)、活力(VT)、情感职能(RE)及一般健康状况(GH)维度评分显著高于CCABG组(P0.05)。结论:OPCABG术具有并发症少,康复快等优点,有利于提高术后生活质量。     

老年冠心病患者非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用及其术后生活质量

冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)尤其是非体外循环下(off-pump)CABG(OPCABG)已成为治疗冠心病的有效方法之一,是目前微创心脏外科代表术式之一〔1〕。OPCABG不仅避免了体外循环对机体的损伤,且有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,易被冠心病患者接受〔2〕。     

同期行CABG与HVR对冠心病合并心脏瓣膜病变患者疗效及预后的影响

目的:探讨同期进行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与心脏瓣膜置换术(HVR)对冠心病合并心脏瓣膜病变患者ICU停留时间、心功能及远期预后的影响。方法:选择我院收治的94例冠心病合并心脏瓣膜病变患者为研究对象,随机均分为CABG与HVR非同期治疗组和同期治疗组,每组47例,对比两组患者术后心功能、术中术后相关指标及5年内生存率,不良反应发生率。结果:术后与非同期治疗组比较,同期治疗组LVEF [(44.23±11.03)%比(49.58±11.39)%]、左心室舒张早期峰值流速比舒张晚期峰值流速(E/A)[(0.87±0.09)比(0.94±0.12)]明显提高,左房内径(LAD)[(39.47±10.16)mm比(34.46±8.72)mm]、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)[(58.49±10.65)mm比(53.17±9.13)mm]、左室收缩末期内径(LVESd)[(48.69±8.73)mm比(42.07±8.36)mm]、心胸比(CTR)[(0.66±0.14)比(0.54±0.09)]明显减小,心功能Ⅱ级比例(46.81%比70.21%)明显增加,Ⅲ级比例(34.04%比12.77%)明显降低,升主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间、ICU停留时间、住院时间均明显缩短(P0.05或0.01)。5年后随访,与非同期治疗组比较,同期治疗组心血管不良事件发生率(40.43%比19.15%)明显降低,5年生存率(44.68%比68.08%)明显升高(P均0.05)。结论:冠心病合并心脏瓣膜病变患者同期行CABG与HVR能够显著缩短ICU停留时间等术后观察指标,改善心功能,提高远期生存率,减少不良事件率。     

体外循环不停搏下冠脉搭桥手术治疗高危冠心病的临床疗效

目的探讨体外循环下心脏不停搏冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)在高危冠心病患者中的应用价值。方法行体外循环下OPCABG术患者41例,比较术前及术后心功能变化。结果术后早期临床效果良好,平均远端吻合口数目(2.7±0.8)个,呼吸机辅助时间(30.1±16)h、监护时间(3.5±2.4)d、院内死亡率5%。结论体外循环下OPCABG术在高危冠心病患者是一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

双源CT评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅率的临床研究

目的比较非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术（常规CABG）术后5年血管桥的通畅率。方法2006年1月至2008年1月间40例单独行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）的患者资料回顾性地被分为OPCABG组和常规CABG组。OPCABG组通过胸骨正中切口,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成CABG;常规CABG组建立常规体外循环心脏停搏下完成CABG。两组术前的一般情况无明显差异。利用双源CT造影检查及CT图像后处理,研究两种术式各条血管桥的通畅情况。结果常规CABG组及OPCABG组左乳内动脉（uMA）到前降支（LAD）的通畅率都达到100％,静脉桥的通畅率分别为93．87％和94．23％,组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论OPCABG旁路血管桥的3~5年通畅率可以和常规CABG相媲美。OPCAB治疗冠心病的初期结果显示可以减少术后并发症,减少患者术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU留观时间和住院时间,降低住院费用。     

不停跳与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术对患者心肌和肾功能影响的对比研究

目的探讨不停跳下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与体外循环下行CABG对患者心肌和肾功能影响。方法将2015年1月至2018年1月间陕西省汉中市中心医院收治的100例冠心病患者随机分为不停跳组(50例)和体外循环组(50例)分别在不停跳下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)。围手术期监测血流动力学指标,并在术后比较两组间心功能、肾功能和并发症发生率。结果两组患者术前情况、手术时间和血管桥数差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。不停跳组患者术后心功能指标显著优于体外循环组患者(t=2.370、2.571,P <0.05),不停跳组患者术后2周时,血清中的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)和白细胞介素8(IL-8)的水平均明显低于同期体外循环组(t=8.659、17.384、14.373,P <0.05);术后3个月时,两组的炎症因子TNF-α、IL-2和IL-8水平与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.628、0.616、0.750,P> 0.05);不停跳组患者术后肾功能指标显著优于体外循环组患者(t=8.771、3.257,P <0.05)。不停跳组患者低心排量综合征和心房颤动发生率显著低于体外循环组患者(χ2=4.892、 5.324,P <0.05)。结论对改善患者心功能、肾功能、预防相关不良反应的发生OPCABG优于CCABG。     

心肌肽素在心脏手术中对心肌的保护作用的临床研究

目的:考察心脏瓣膜替换术和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者在体外循环停跳液中使用心肌肽素的安全性及对心肌的保护作用。方法:选择心脏瓣膜替换术患者44例(瓣膜替换组,又随机分为对照患者、用药患者各22例),CABG患者65例(CABG组,又随机分为对照患者33例、用药患者32例)。2组用药患者在麻醉后,静脉滴注心肌肽素1 mg/kg,30分钟给药完毕;第1次灌注时在停跳液中一次性加入心肌肽素2 mg/kg。2组对照患者给予相应的甘露醇。观察围术期血流动力学,心肌组织形态学,心肌酶学及肌钙蛋白含量的变化。结果:所有受试患者均顺利完成试验,未见明显不良反应,均康复出院。CABG组心肌组织形态学:用药患者在用药前心肌组织病变分值较对照患者显著升高(P<0.01),而用药后较对照患者显著降低(P<0.01);用药患者体外循环后心肌组织病变分值较体外循环前显著降低(P<0.01);而对照患者体外循环后心肌组织病变分值较体外循环前显著升高(P<0.01)。瓣膜替换组心肌组织形态学:体外循环前心肌组织病变分值用药患者虽高于对照患者,但无统计学意义;体外循环后用药患者显著低于对照患者(P<0.01);体外循环后对照患者心肌组织病变分值较体外循环前显著升高(P<0.01),用药患者虽有降低,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:心肌肽素在心脏瓣膜替换术和CABG患者体外循环停跳液中使用是安全的,而且对心肌有一定保护作用。     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Terminology and anatomy of angulated coronary arteriography

Angulated views in coronary arteriography have been increasingly utilized because of their superiority in demonstrating lesions not well seen in standard right and left oblique projections. The importance of these angulated views has been repeatedly demonstrated. It is the purpose of this article to review some basic coronary anatomy angulation terminology, and then to describe the particular advantages of the angulated views in coronary arteriography. Illustrations of these particular views of both coronary systems will be provided.     

Nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary artery narrowing—Part II

Part II of this three-part article on nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary heart disease focuses on myocardial bridges, coronary artery aneurysms, emboli, coronary dissection, and spasm as causes of luminal narrowing.     

Coronary artery-left ventricular communications: A report of two cases and review of the literature

Two patients with chest pain had angiographically-demonstrated communications between the three coronary arteries and the left ventricular chamber. Communications between coronary arteries and the left ventricle are unusual and communications between all three coronary arteries and the left ventricle are rare. These anomalies are, however, commonly associated with symptoms of chest pain. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and a widened pulse pressure may suggest a greater hemo-dynamic effect of the shunt flow than often suspected angiographically.     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.     

Survival with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Significance of the collateral circulation

Four patients with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery are described. Angina pectoris was severe (NYHA class 3-4) and had lasted 20 months to seven years. Three patients had experienced a myocardial infarction. All displayed large collaterals arising from a nearly normal right coronary artery and feeding both the left anterior descending and the left circumflex arteries. The left ventricular ejection fractions ranged from 20% to 65%, and all patients had varying degrees of left ventricular asynergy. Coronary artery bypass surgery resulted in a marked improvement in three patients; one patient who underwent an aneurysmectomy died two months after the operation. The data show that total occlusion of the left main coronary artery is compatible with survival if adequate collateral supply develops from the right coronary artery. In this rare angiographic subset collateral circulation is clearly functionally significant.