血清锌、铜/锌比值与慢性肾脏病患者冠状动脉钙化的相关性

目的]探讨血清锌、铜及铜/锌比值与慢性肾脏病患者冠状动脉钙化(CAC)的相关性。 [方法]采用横断面分析调查方法,对274例慢性肾脏病患者进行研究,根据冠状动脉钙化评分将患者分为钙化组和非钙化组,比较两组患者临床资料及实验室指标。采用Spearman相关性分析CAC相关因素,二元Logistic回归分析CAC危险因素,ROC曲线探讨血清锌、铜、铜/锌比值对CAC的预测价值。 [结果]钙化组血清锌水平[(77.09±15.84) μmol/L]较非钙化组[(88.21±11.55) μmol/L]低,而血清铜[(13.99±3.76) μmol/L)]、铜/锌比值(0.19±0.08)较非钙化组[(12.10±3.99) μmol/L、(0.14±0.05)]高。Spearman相关性分析显示,血清锌水平(r＝－0.387,P＜0.001)与冠状动脉钙化积分呈负相关,血清铜(r＝0.356,P＜0.001)、铜/锌比值(r＝0.477,P＜0.001)与冠状动脉钙化积分呈正相关。二元Logistic回归分析结果表明年龄(OR＝1.085,P＜0.001)、血清铜(OR＝1.114,P＜0.001)和铜/锌比值(OR＝1.143,P＜0.001)是冠状动脉钙化的独立危险因素,而血清锌(OR＝0.948,P＜0.001)是冠状动脉钙化的保护因素。ROC曲线分析显示锌、铜、铜/锌比值预测CAC的AUC分别为0.301、0.650、0.716(P＜0.001)。 [结论]慢性肾脏病患者伴有高龄、高水平铜和铜/锌比值以及低水平锌时发生CAC的风险较高,且铜/锌比值可以更好地预测CAC。     

冠状动脉不同钙化程度的临床特征分析

目的:对冠状动脉不同钙化程度的临床特征进行分析。方法:收集本院2011年2月至2012年5月间,具有CT结果及完整临床资料的患者499例,根据冠状动脉钙化积分按CT结果分为轻中度钙化组238例,重度钙化组88例,并对此类患者的临床特征及影响钙化的因素进行系列分析。结果:与轻中度钙化组相比,重度钙化组患者年龄较大,男性居多,且血红蛋白浓度显著降低[(146.85±16.93)vs.(135.94±15.61)g/L,P=0.005],Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.10,95CI:1.06~1.14,P<0.001)、性别(OR=0.21,95%CI:0.08~0.059,P=0.003)、血红蛋白浓度(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.95~0.99,P=0.005)均为CAC程度的独立预测因子。结论:本研究结果显示高龄、男性及血红蛋白浓度低是CAC严重程度的独立预测因子。     

2型糖尿病患者腹腔内脏脂肪面积与冠状动脉钙化的相关性研究

目的探讨T2DM患者腹腔内脏脂肪面积(VFA)与冠状动脉钙化(CAC)的相关性。方法收集151例T2DM患者临床资料,计算冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)及VFA,根据CACS结果分为单纯T2DM组(T2DM组,CACS10,n=93)及T2DM合并CAC组(CAC组,CACS≥10,n=58),比较两组一般资料及VFA等指标,Logistic回归分析CAC的影响因素。通过受试者工作特征曲线比较VFA和WC对CAC的预测价值。结果 CAC组VFA高于T2DM组[(190.68±46.16)vs(154.20±43.03)cm~2,P0.05]。相关分析显示,VFA与CACS呈正相关(r=0.373,P0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,VFA是T2DM患者发生CAC的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)1.018(1.005～1.030),P0.05]。VFA预测CAC的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.753(95%CI 0.677～0.828,P0.05),临界值为149.04 cm~2,敏感度为93.1%,特异度为50.5%,其AUC与WC的AUC比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.005,P=0.002)。结论 T2DM患者VFA与CAC密切相关,提示其在心血管并发症预测中的潜在作用。     

血清γ-谷氨酰胺转移酶与高血压患者冠状动脉钙化的相关性研究

目的探讨血清γ-谷氨酰胺转移酶(γ-GT)水平与高血压患者冠状动脉钙化(CAC)积分之间的关系。方法选取2016年1月~2017年6月于湖南中医药大学第一附属医院就诊并行冠状动脉CT检查的高血压患者218例为研究对象。根据CAC积分将患者分为CAC组(CAC积分0;n=120)和非CAC组(CAC积分=0;n=98),并比较两组患者的临床资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究CAC的预测因素,并以ROC曲线描述其预测价值。结果 CAC组患者的γ-GT水平为(30.4±10.7)U/L,而非CAC组为(26.1±11.9)U/L,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006)。与非CAC组相比,CAC组患者的年龄、男性比、吸烟比、空腹血糖和高敏C反应蛋白较高,而其高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平较低(P均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,血清γ-GT水平(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.03~1.47,P=0.022)、年龄(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.07~1.22,P0.001)、吸烟(OR=2.07,95%CI:1.26~1.47,P=0.004)和空腹血糖水平(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.02~1.69,P=0.036)。ROC曲线分析表明,γ-GT预测CAC的曲线下面积为0.78(95%CI:0.0.71~0.85)。预测的最佳截点为28.4 U/L,其敏感性为67%,特异性为78%。结论高血压患者的血清γ-GT水平与CAC密切相关,对预测CAC有一定价值。     

内皮素1与冠状动脉钙化的相关性研究

目的探讨内皮素1与冠状动脉钙化(coronary artery calcification,CAC)的相关性。方法连续收集2011年2月²012年2月具有冠状动脉造影和CT结果的临床资料完整的患者424例,按照是否存在CAC分为钙化组(353例)与非钙化组(71例),分析内皮素1与CAC的相关因素。结果与非钙化组比较,钙化组的冠心病、糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症患者显著增多(P=0.001),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高敏C反应蛋白和内皮素1升高(P=0.002,P=0.001,P=0.001)差异有统计学意义。logistic回归分析显示,年龄、内皮素1、高血压、高脂血症和HbA1c与CAC独立相关,差异有统计学意义。在ROC曲线下,CAC的最佳内皮素1界值为0.59(曲线下面积为0.65,95%CI:0.582012年2月具有冠状动脉造影和CT结果的临床资料完整的患者424例,按照是否存在CAC分为钙化组(353例)与非钙化组(71例),分析内皮素1与CAC的相关因素。结果与非钙化组比较,钙化组的冠心病、糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症患者显著增多(P=0.001),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高敏C反应蛋白和内皮素1升高(P=0.002,P=0.001,P=0.001)差异有统计学意义。logistic回归分析显示,年龄、内皮素1、高血压、高脂血症和HbA1c与CAC独立相关,差异有统计学意义。在ROC曲线下,CAC的最佳内皮素1界值为0.59(曲线下面积为0.65,95%CI:0.58⁰.72),敏感性为50.1%,特异性为76.1%。结论内皮素1与CAC有一定的相关性,可认为是CAC的独立预测因素之一。     

血浆大内皮素与冠状动脉钙化相关性的探讨

目的冠状动脉钙化(coronary artery calcification,CAC)一直被认为是预测动脉粥样硬化的重要临床指标,而内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)在粥样斑块的形成中也起着重要的作用,本文拟对CAC与ET-1二者关系做进一步探讨。方法连续收集2011年2月~2012年5月具有CT结果及完整临床资料的患者499例,按照是否存在CAC分为钙化组(353例)与非钙化组(146例),根据冠状动脉疾病(coronary artery disease,CAD)及钙化的传统危险因素分析血浆大内皮素(big endothelin-1,Big ET-1)与CAC二者相关性。结果较高水平的Big ET-1患者伴随较高的冠状动脉钙化积分(coronary artery calcium score,CACS)(P<0.001),与非钙化组相比,钙化组(0.2±0.2 vs 0.5±0.4,P<0.001)Big ET-1显著升高。Logistic回归分析显示,Big ET-1(OR=97.52,95%CI:18.36-517.93,P<0.001)是CAC的独立预测因子,且Big ET-1与CACS呈正相关(r=0.563,p<0.001)。有钙化且Big ET-1水平较高的人群10年福明翰风险评分最高。结论本研究显示Big ET-1是CAC的独立预测因子,而二者联合可以很好的预测远期心血管事件(cardiovascular events,CV)的发生。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征的关系研究

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)的关系。方法选取2011年5月—2014年8月南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院心内科收治的NSTE-ACS患者126例,根据NLR分为低危组(NLR≤2.6)38例、中危组(2.6NLR≤4.5)46例、高危组(NLR4.5)42例。收集所有患者的临床资料,并进行单因素logistic回归分析、多因素logistic回归分析;NLR与SYNTAX评分和全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分间的相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析;绘制ROC曲线以评价NLR对NSTE-ACS患者预后的预测价值。结果 3组患者性别、糖尿病发生率、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、肌酐、C反应蛋白(CRP)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3组患者年龄、高血压发生率、心率(HR)、肌钙蛋白I、心功能分级、SYNTAX评分、GRACE评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄〔OR=1.629,95%CI(1.071,2.409)〕、高血压〔OR=1.212,95%CI(1.006,1.617)〕、NLR〔OR=1.340,95%CI(1.212,1.460)〕、心功能分级〔OR=1.556,95%CI(1.229,2.083)〕可能是NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响因素(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄〔OR=1.115,95%CI(1.057,1.175)〕、高血压〔OR=1.019,95%CI(1.002,1.036)〕、NLR〔OR=1.182,95%CI(1.042,1.340)〕、心功能分级〔OR=1.627,95%CI(1.416,2.520)〕是NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响因素(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,NLR与SYNTAX评分和GRACE评分呈正相关(r值分别为0.543、0.495,P0.05)。NLR预测NSTE-ACS患者预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.669〔95%CI(0.577,0.761)〕,当其为3.14时,灵敏度为53.0%,特异度为71.5%。结论 NLR可在一定程度上评估NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度及预测患者预后。     

血清脂蛋白a水平与冠状动脉钙化的相关性分析

目的探讨因胸痛接受冠状动脉CT检查的患者血清脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]水平与冠状动脉钙化(CAC)之间的相关性。方法共入选1085例因胸痛在阜外医院接受冠状动脉CT检查的患者,根据Agatston评分算法计算冠状动脉钙化评分(CACS)。所有入选患者均检测了血脂谱和Lp(a)水平。结果根据CACS进行分组,CACS>0分组(460例)患者血清Lp(a)水平明显高于CACS=0分组(625例)患者[23.60(14.73,44.56)mg/dl比12.73(5.56,31.10)mg/dl,P<0.001],差异有统计学意义。多元线性回归分析显示,血清Lp(a)浓度与CACS呈正相关(β=0.543,P<0.001)。曲线下面积(AUC)值显示血清Lp(a)水平在预测CACS方面具有正确的区分效力(AUC=0.71,95%CI 0.68~0.74,P<0.001)。Lp(a)的最佳截断值为10.51 mg/dl(敏感度为86.1%,特异度为51.7%)。结论在因胸痛接受冠状动脉CT检查的患者中,血清Lp(a)水平与CAC呈显著正相关。     

冠状动脉钙化评分与心血管事件的相关性

目的探讨冠状动脉钙化(CAC)程度对主要心血管事件(MACE)发生的影响。方法回顾性分析187例可疑冠心病(CHD)的门诊患者,所有患者进行冠状动脉CT检查,根据冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)分为CACS≤100分组(n=112)及CACS>100分组(n=75),对于入选患者进行随访(12~24个月),记录MACE的发生情况(死亡、心肌梗死、冠脉旁路移植术、冠脉支架植入术)。结果 CACS>100分组患者年龄、糖尿病发病率及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均明显高于CACS≤100分组患者(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.163,P<0.01)、糖尿病(OR=1.921,P<0.01)及LDL-C升高(OR=1.471,P<0.01)是CAC的危险因素;MACE发病率CACS>100分组患者(6.7%)明显高于CACS≤100分组患者(1.8%,P<0.05)。结论年龄、糖尿病及LDL-C水平升高是CAC程度的重要影响因素,且钙化程度与MACE正相关。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、血小板/淋巴细胞比值水平对冠状动脉病变程度及院内主要不良心血管事件的评估价值

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)与冠状动脉狭窄程度及院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生的关系。方法收集2018年4月至2020年4月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院初次行冠状动脉造影ACS患者(426例)的临床基本资料、实验室参数,根据住院MACE情况,将纳入的患者分为MACE组(104例)和无MACE组(322例)。根据Gensini评分的三分位数,将患者分为三组:低Gensini组(≤34分,143例),中Gensini组(34~58分,142例),高Gensini组(>58分,141例),使用t检验、方差分析、卡方检验、非参数Mann-Whitney U检验、Kruskal-Wallish H检验、logistic回归分析和受试者工作特性曲线等统计方法对数据进行分析。结果MACE组NLR[4.48(2.42,7.47)比2.82(1.79,4.70),P<0.001]和PLR[133.21(92.88,190.25)比101.03(75.33,134.01),P<0.001]显著高于无MACE组,差异有统计学意义。在基于Gensini评分分组的三组中,低Gensini组、中Gensini组、高Gensini组NLR[3.59(1.56,3.58)比3.47(1.94,5.73)比3.71(2.13,6.21),P<0.001]、PLR[93.98(66.03,127.94)比110.90(88.26,140.79)比120.37(84.58,174.54),P<0.001]比较,差异均有统计学意义。logistic回归分析显示,NLR(OR 1.189,95%CI 1.003~1.409,P=0.046;OR 1.102,95%CI 1.005~1.208,P=0.039)、PLR(OR 1.008,95%CI 1.002~1.014,P=0.021;OR 1.004,95%CI 1.002~1.009,P=0.042)是院内MACE和高Gensini评分的独立危险因素。NLR预测院内MACE发生的截断值为4.516,敏感度为50.00%,特异度为74.53%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.633(95%CI 0.585~0.679,P<0.001);PLR预测院内MACE发生的截断值为153.103,敏感度为45.19%,特异度为84.78%,AUC为0.666(95%CI 0.619~0.711,P<0.001)。NLR预测高Gensini评分(>58分)的截断值为3.802,敏感度为49.62%,特异度为66.44%(AUC=0.600,95%CI 0.552~0.647,P<0.001);PLR预测高Gensini评分的截断值为153.543,敏感度为37.40%,特异度为84.75%(AUC=0.616,95%CI 0.567~0.662,P<0.001)。结论NLR、PLR作为一种新的炎症标志物,与ACS患者院内MACE的发生和冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度有显著的独立相关性。NLR、PLR作为一种容易获得且价格便宜的炎症指标,可作为有效的炎症标志物广泛应用于鉴别高危患者,从而有助于指导个体化治疗以改善ACS预后。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Hepato-pancreato-biliary fat: the good, the bad and the ugly

Obesity has become epidemic in the United States, in Europe, and in many urban areas in the developing world. The globalization of certain 'fast foods' and 'soft drinks' may, in part, be contributing to this epidemic. Diets high in saturated fatty acids and trans fats as well as drinks that have high fructose corn syrup levels may be particularly harmful. Recent research suggests that fat is a dynamic endocrine organ and that visceral fat is associated with the metabolic syndrome. Central obesity leads to organ steatosis and altered serum adipokines including reduced adiponectin and markedly elevated leptin. This abnormal adipokine milieu results in increased tissue infiltration of monocytes and macrophages which produce proinflammatory cytokines that alter organ function. Over many years, the combination of steatosis and local inflammation leads to fibrosis and eventually to cancer. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a precursor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD and NASH (1) lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, (2) increase the risk of liver resection, and (3) compromise the outcome of liver transplantation. Similarly, in the pancreas nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) may lead to nonalcoholic steatopancreatitis (NASP). NAFPD and NASP may (1) promote the development of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, (2) exacerbate the severity of acute pancreatitis, and (3) increase the risk of pancreatic surgery. In the gallbladder nonalcoholic fatty gallbladder disease (NAFGBD, cholecystosteatosis) may lead to steatocholecystitis. Cholecystosteatosis may be an explanation for (1) the increased incidence of chronic acalculous cholecystitis and (2) the increased number of cholecystectomies.