成人肥胖测量指标与高血压患病关系

目的探讨成人肥胖测量指标与高血压患病的关系。方法利用江苏省2010年成人慢性病及其危险因素监测数据,描述新发现高血压患者在不同人群中的分布差异;运用双变量相关和非条件Logistic回归方法,分析体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、腰身比和体脂百分比等肥胖测量指标与血压及高血压患病的关系。结果江苏省成人新发现高血压患病率为35.3%,男性高于女性,患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(P0.05)。双变量相关分析结果表明,BMI、腰围、腰身比和体脂百分比等肥胖测量指标与收缩压和舒张压均成正相关。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,肥胖(χ2=129.67,P0.05)、中心型肥胖(χ2=157.05,P0.05)、BMI(χ2=176.21,P0.05)、腰围(χ2=187.73,P0.05)、腰身比(χ2=221.49,P0.05)和体脂百分比(χ2=155.22,P0.05)均与高血压患病显著相关;BMI、腰围、腰身比和体脂百分比每增加1个标准差(SD),高血压患病风险分别增加59%(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.50~1.70)、60%(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.50~1.71)、68%(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.57~1.79)和149%(OR=2.49,95%CI:2.21~2.80)。BMI、腰围、腰身比和体脂百分比等肥胖测量指标对高血压患病风险的影响依次升高。结论 BMI、腰围、腰身比和体脂百分比与高血压患病相关,高血压患病风险随肥胖程度的增加而升高。     

老年人肥胖与慢性肾脏病的相关性

目的评价老年人体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、颈围等肥胖指标与慢性肾脏病(CKD)的关系。方法 2013年8-9月,整群选取上海浦东新区≥65岁老年人2076人,横断面调查身高、体质量、腰围、颈围、血清肌酐以及CKD其他危险因素。采用慢性肾脏病流行病学协作组公式(CKD-EPI)计算估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。比较根据BMI临床分组,腰围和颈围四分位分组的CKD[定义为eGFR≤60mL/(min·1.73m2)]患病情况;多因素Logistic回归分析老年人肥胖指标与CKD的相关性。结果女性随着BMI、腰围、颈围水平升高,CKD检出率升高(均P趋势0.05)。以CKD为因变量,3项肥胖指标分别作为自变量建模,调整年龄、吸烟、饮酒、总胆固醇、糖尿病、三酰甘油、服用降压药等因素后,进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示男性BMI与CKD无相关(P=0.32),腰围和颈围与CKD相关(均P0.05),女性BMI、腰围和颈围与CKD发生相关(均P0.05)。进一步将3项肥胖指标纳入同一模型进行分析,结果显示,仅在男性人群中,颈围与CKD呈正相关,颈围每升高1个标准差(2.8cm),CKD风险增加78%(95%CI1.21~2.62,P0.01)。结论与BMI或腰围相比,颈围可能与老年男性CKD的关系更密切。     

甘肃陇西县35岁及以上人群高血压流行病学现况调查

目的调查甘肃陇西县≥35岁的居民高血压的患病现况,分析其相关危险因素。方法整群分层随机抽取陇西县5个社区≥35岁的居民共12040例,对所选对象进行问卷调查,测量身高、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、血压,并测定空腹血糖及血脂。计算不同年龄及性别的调查对象高血压及相关疾病的患病率,分析高血压的相关危险因素。结果标化后高血压患病率为26.8%,男性为28.3%,女性为21.4%。Logistic逐步回归分析结果表明,盐摄入量(OR=2.403,95%CI2.066～2.759)、超重(OR=1.566,95%CI1.417～1.730)、高血糖(OR=1.700,95%CI1.303～2.217)、总胆固醇(OR=2.617,95%CI2.294～2.986)、三酰甘油(OR=2.147,95%CI1.960～2.351)、脑力劳动(OR=0.640,95%CI0.490～0.830)、吸烟(烟龄>10年)(OR=1.567,95%CI1.413～1.738)、饮酒(每周>2次)(OR=1.372,95%CI1.340～1.479)是高血压的独立危险因素。结论陇西县35岁以上居民中高血压患病率较高,年龄、男性、高盐饮食、超重及肥胖、高血糖、腰围超标、血脂异常、高三酰甘油是高血压的危险因素。     

辽宁西部地区农村人群体质指数和腰围对血压的影响

目的 探讨辽宁西部地区农村人群体质指数(BMI)和腰围(WC)对血压均值及高血压患病率的影响.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2004-2006年对辽宁省阜新县35～74岁常住居民43 692人进行流行病学调查.采用Epidata3.1软件建立数据库,使用SPSS 12.0统计软件包对数据进行统计分析.结果 共调查43 692人,男性21 680人(49.6%),女性22 012人(50.4%).平均BMI为(23.31±3.08)kg/m2,平均WC为(80.87±9.40)cm.不论男性还是女性以20 kg/m2起始,收缩压随着BMI的增加而逐渐增加;舒张压随BMI的增加而逐渐升高.多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性中以BMI<18 kg/m2组为对照,其他各组患病危险OR值均有显著统计学意义,28～30 kg/m2组OR及95%CI为6.285(4.612～8.566),在20～30 kg/m2范围内,OR值随着等级的增高而逐渐增高;女性从20～22 kg/m2组起始OR值随着BMI等级的增高而逐渐增高,在≥30kg/m2组OR及95%CI为7.764(6.009～10.032).男性和女性收缩压和舒张压及高血压患病率均随着WC的增加而逐渐增加(P<0.001).不论是在男性还是女性,当BMI<24 kg/m2,或WC男性<85cm、女性WC<80 cm时,其平均血压水平、高血压患病率最低;当BMI达到超重或肥胖标准时或WC超标时,血压均值和高血压患病率均明显增高;调整年龄等危险因素后,男性超重和肥胖对高血压的患病危险OR分别为1.704(1.592～1.825)及3.710(3.148～4.371),女性为1.527(1.428～1.632)和3.014(2.668～3.405);WC超标时,男女性高血压患病危险OR及95%CI分别为1.231(1.153～1.314)和1.353(1.269～1.442).结论 BMI和WC均与高血压患病明显相关.有效预防和控制超重和肥胖等高血压发病危险因素,是我国目前急需解决的公共卫生问题.     

不同肥胖指标与高血压患病风险的关系

目的探讨不同肥胖指标与原发性高血压(高血压)患病风险的关系。方法选取2012年4月至2015年4月荆门市第二人民医院1 081例健康体检者,根据体质量指数、腰围、腰臀比及腰围身高比达到肥胖标准的数目进行分组:所有指标均未达到肥胖标准者作为正常组(n=199)、有一项指标达到肥胖标准者作为1指标异常组(n=194)、有两项指标达到肥胖标准者作为2指标异常组(n=146)、有3项指标达到肥胖标准者作为3指标异常组(n=382)、有4项指标达到肥胖标准者作为4指标异常组(n=160)。比较5组患者高血压发病率。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析不同组间高血压发病风险。结果 (1)1指标异常组、2指标异常组、3指标异常组、4指标异常组高血压发病率分别为16.49%(32/194)、25.34%(37/146)、31.15%(119/382)、46.88%(75/160),均明显高于正常组的9.55%(19/199),差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=3.973、4.304、4.782、6.162,P0.05或0.01);(2)以正常组做参照,校正混杂因素后,各组的高血压患病风险的多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:1指标异常组(OR=1.426,95%CI:1.036~2.574,P=0.014)、2指标异常组(OR=1.723,95%CI:1.187~3.486,P=0.011)、3指标异常组(OR=2.104,95%CI:1.433~4.102,P=0.007)、4指标异常组(OR=3.372,95%CI:1.983~5.253,P=0.003)均与高血压发病率相关。结论肥胖指标与高血压发病率相关,当肥胖指标异常数目增加,高血压的发病风险逐渐升高。     

中老年人群颈围与肥胖的相关性

目的探讨中老年人颈围与肥胖测量指标的相关性。方法选取成都市城中以及城郊两个社区共计798例中老年居民,收集相关基线资料并进行体格指标测量。以腰臀比、腰围,体重指数(BMI)三种肥胖标准进行分组,分析肥胖组与正常组颈围的差异性。采用受试者工作特征曲线法(ROC曲线)分析判定颈围对三种类型肥胖预测的可靠性,选取灵敏度以及特异度和曲线下面积(AUC)较高的肥胖类型作为结局变量,分析颈围对肥胖的最佳预测切点。结果三种不同类型肥胖分组下的肥胖组与正常组的颈围存在统计学差异(P<0.01),肥胖组颈围大于正常组。颈围预测三种不同类型肥胖的可靠性较好,以对腰围的预测可靠性最佳,以腰围作为结局变量时,男性颈围37.05 cm、女性颈围32.73 cm是预测肥胖的最佳颈围切点。结论颈围与肥胖存在相关,男性颈围>37.05 cm、女性颈围>32.73 cm可以预测腹型肥胖。     

福建沿海地区超重及肥胖人群血压、血脂现状分析

目的:调查福建沿海地区人群超重和肥胖的现状及其与血压、血脂的相关性。方法:通过横断面调查方法,纳入福建省沿海地区30岁以上人群3343例,进行身高、体质量、血压、腰围、血糖、血脂等指标检测,采用统计学方法分析BMI与血压、血脂的相关性。结果:调查地区超重及肥胖检出率为34.6%和10.0%,男性超重率显著高于女性(40.4%比30.7%,P0.05);超重和肥胖人群比例在70岁以前均随年龄增加而逐渐显著增高,70岁以后有下降趋势。与年龄匹配的正常体重人群比较,青年(40岁)超重和肥胖人群血压、腰围显著升高(P均0.01);中老年(40岁)超重和肥胖人群血压、腰围、TC、LDL-C水平显著升高,而HDL-C水平显著降低(P0.05或0.01)。偏相关分析显示BMI与腰围、收缩压、舒张压、TC、LDL-C和HbA1c水平呈显著正相关(r=0.701,0.218,0.238,0.068,0.120,0.135,P均0.01),与TG和HDL-C水平呈显著负相关(r均=-0.069,P均0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示BMI与腰围、性别、年龄、DBP、HDL-C、FBG显著相关。控制年龄、性别、血糖等混杂因素后,二元Logistic回归分析显示:超重(OR=2.283,95%CI 1.915~2.721)和肥胖(OR=4.419,95%CI 3.329~5.865)是高血压、血脂异常的危险因素[超重(OR=1.356,95%CI 1.160~1.584),肥胖(OR=1.691,95%CI 1.319~2.167)],P均0.01。结论:福建沿海地区人群超重/肥胖率较高,超重、肥胖人群中高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、心血管危险因素聚集比例显著增高,控制体重对高血压、血脂异常及糖尿病等慢性病的防治具有重要意义。     

老年人代谢综合征与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的探讨老年人代谢综合征(MS)与骨质疏松的相关性。方法选择我院老年综合科诊治的老年患者258例,根据骨密度水平分为骨质疏松组93例和非骨质疏松组165例。又根据MS诊断分为MS组96例,非MS组162例。比较2组一般情况、体质量指数(BMI)、糖脂代谢、炎性因子等指标,并行多因素logistic回归分析。结果骨质疏松组年龄、女性、LDL-C、高敏C反应蛋白及白细胞介素6水平明显高于非骨质疏松组,BMI、腰围、臀围、四肢骨骼肌质量、四肢骨骼肌质量指数、HDL-C、维生素D、骨钙素水平明显低于非骨质疏松组(P0.05,P0.01)。MS组骨密度及T值(腰椎、左股骨颈、右股骨颈)、骨钙素和维生素D水平明显低于非MS组(P0.05,P0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,校正混杂因素后,MS、女性、LDL-C为老年患者骨质疏松的危险因素(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.08～4.13,P=0.000;OR=2.82,95%CI:1.64～5.07,P=0.000;OR=1.97,95%CI:1.19～3.12,P=0.000),BMI、HDL-C为老年患者骨质疏松的保护因素(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.79～0.96,P=0.001;OR=0.93,95%CI:0.82～0.98,P=0.001)。结论 MS、女性、LDL-C、BMI、HDL-C是老年人骨质疏松的影响因素。     

湖北地区老年人腰围及体质量指数与高血压的相关性研究

目的探讨湖北地区老年人腰围及体质量指数(BMI)与高血压的相关性。方法于2013年2~10月采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,对湖北地区5个城区及5个农村年龄60~89岁居民5417例进行调查研究。男性2672例,女性2745例;60~69岁2450例,70~79岁2167例,80~89岁800例。通过问卷调查、体格检查的方式收集调查对象的个人基本情况、腰围、基础代谢等所需要的资料,并进行分析。结果 5417例入选者中,高血压2170例,患病率为40.1%。男性与女性在高血压发病率比较有统计学差异(38.2%%vs 41.8%,χ2=7.199,P0.05)。60~69、70~79、80~89岁高血压发病率比较有统计学差异(32.5%vs 44.4%vs 51.4%,χ2=118.437,P=0.000)。性别(OR=7.511,P=0.000)、身体脂肪率(OR=1.035,P=0.000)、内脏脂肪指数(OR=1.925,P=0.000)均为BMI的危险因素,年龄为BMI的保护因素(OR=0.938,95%CI:0.926~0.950,P=0.000)。对于男性,身体脂肪率(OR=1.021,P=0.001)、内脏脂肪指数(OR=1.438,P=0.000)为腰围的危险因素;对于女性,身体脂肪率(OR=1.094,P=0.000)、内脏脂肪指数(OR=1.448,P=0.000)为腰围的危险因素,年龄为腰围的保护因素。结论湖北地区老年人超重及肥胖形势严峻,腰围及BMI与高血压关系密切。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期红细胞输血危险因素分析

目的:分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)围术期红细胞输血的危险因素并探讨大量输血的相关因素。方法:选取2013年2月至2017年10月在我院接受单纯OPCAB治疗的1 257例患者,根据输血情况分为输血组603例,其中少量输血(≤4 U)471例、大量输血(4 U)132例,未输血组654例。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析与OPCAB围术期红细胞输血及大量输血相关的因素。结果:OPCAB围术期红细胞输血比例为47.97%(603/1 257)。输血组与未输血组患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、慢性心力衰竭、术前静脉应用儿茶酚胺类药物和硝酸酯类药物的差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI(OR=0.902,95%CI:0.867~0.937,P0.001)、女性(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.344~1.817,P0.001)、年龄(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.007~1.044,P=0.008)、术前静脉应用儿茶酚胺类药物(OR=9.051,95%CI:1.037~78.979,P=0.046)和硝酸酯类药物(OR=1.359,95%CI:1.057~1.747,P=0.017)是OPCAB围术期红细胞输血独立危险因素。BMI(OR=0.875,95%CI:0.819~0.935,P0.001)、年龄(OR=1.031,95%CI:1.005~1.059,P=0.021)、术前静脉应用硝酸酯脂类药物(OR=1.771,95%CI:1.175~2.669,P=0.006)和儿茶酚胺类药物(OR=11.381,95%CI:2.050~63.193,P=0.005)与大量输血独立相关。结论:年龄、女性、低BMI、术前静脉应用硝酸酯类药物或儿茶酚胺类药物是OPCAB围术期红细胞输血危险因素;除女性因素,其余均与大量输血相关。     

Does the relationship between waist circumference,morbidity and mortality depend on measurement protocol for waist circumference?

There is currently no consensus regarding the optimal protocol for measurement of waist circumference (WC), and no scientific rationale is provided for any of the WC protocols recommended by leading health authorities. A panel of experts conducted a systematic review of 120 studies (236 samples) to determine whether measurement protocol influenced the relationship of WC with morbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes and with mortality from all causes and from CVD. Statistically significant associations with WC were reported for 65% (152) of the samples across all outcomes combined. Common WC protocols performed measurement at the minimal waist (33%), midpoint (26%) and umbilicus (27%). Non-significant associations were reported for 27% (64) of the samples. Most of these protocols measured WC at the midpoint (36%), umbilicus (28%) or minimal waist (25%). Significant associations were observed for 17 of the remaining 20 samples, but these were not significant when adjustment was made for covariates. For these samples, the most common WC protocols were the midpoint (35%) and umbilicus (30%). Similar patterns of association between the outcomes and all WC protocols were observed across sample size, sex, age, race and ethnicity. Our findings suggest that WC measurement protocol has no substantial influence on the association between WC, all-cause and CVD mortality, CVD and diabetes.     

Ratio of waist circumference to chest circumference is inversely associated with lung function in Chinese children and adolescents

Background and objective: In White children, waist circumference (WC) is positively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁). Because fat distribution differs among different races, the relationship between WC and lung function in Asian children may differ from that in White children. The present study aimed to examine the effect of WC on ventilatory function in Chinese children. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed on 1572 healthy subjects aged 9–18 years. Height, weight, chest circumference (CC), WC and lung function (FVC, FEV₁, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximal mid‐expiratory flow (MMEF)) were measured. To avoid the problem of colinearity, a model that combined CC and WC as the waist‐to‐chest ratio (WCR) was used. The relative contributions of WCR and body mass index (BMI) to spirometric parameters were determined by linear regression analysis. Results: WCR was inversely associated with all spirometric parameters. On average, each 0.01 increase in WCR was associated with decreases of 8.14 mL for FVC, 9.36 mL for FEV₁, 6.54% for FEV₁/FVC, 19.81 mL/s for PEF and 17.25 mL/s for MMEF. BMI was positively associated with all spirometric parameters except FEV₁/FVC. These results suggest that WC was inversely associated with lung function parameters. Conclusions: Inverse associations were identified between WCR, as well as WC, and lung function in a population of Chinese children. The underlying mechanisms need to be further explored.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者颈围、腹围及其相关性研究

目的探讨OSAHS患者颈围、腹围以及颈围和腹围的相关关系。方法收集经多导睡眠监测确诊为OSAHS患者80例,单纯打鼾患者41例,测量2组患者的颈围和腹围,并记录一般情况（包括性别、年龄、身高、体质量）,分析OSAHS患者颈围和腹围及其相关性。结果与单纯打鼾组患者相比,OSAHS患者颈围和腹围均明显增大（P〈0．01）。与单纯打鼾组比较,重度0sAHs组颈围明显增大（P〈0．01）,轻中度OsAHS组颈围较单纯打鼾组有增大趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与轻中度OSAHS组比较,重度0sAHs组颈围明显增大（P〈o．01）。与单纯打鼾组比较,重度0sAHs组腹围明显增大（P〈0．01）,轻中度OsAHs组腹围较单纯打鼾组增大（P〈0．05）;与轻中度OSAHS组比较,重度OSAHS组腹围明显增大（P〈O．01）。颈围与体质量指数（BMI）、腹围、身高、体质量、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）和最长呼吸暂停时间呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）;颈围与年龄呈负相关（P〈O．05）;颈围与最低血氧饱和度呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。腹围与BMI、颈围、体质量、AHI和最长呼吸暂停时间呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）;腹围与最低血氧饱和度呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）;腹围与年龄、身高无明显相关（P〉O．05）。结论OSAHS患者颈围和腹围均明显增大,颈围与腹围呈显著正相关关系。     

A systematic review of the impact of including both waist and hip circumference in risk models for cardiovascular diseases,diabetes and mortality

Both a larger waist and narrow hips are associated with heightened risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. We review the risk of these outcomes for levels of waist and hip circumferences when terms for both anthropometric measures were included in regression models. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched (last updated July 2012) for studies reporting the association with the outcomes mentioned earlier for both waist and hip circumferences (unadjusted and with both terms included in the model). Ten studies reported the association between hip circumference and death and/or disease outcomes both unadjusted and adjusted for waist circumference. Five studies reported the risk associated with waist circumference both unadjusted and adjusted for hip circumference. With the exception of one study of venous thromboembolism, the full strength of the association between either waist circumference or hip circumference with morbidity and/or mortality was only apparent when terms for both anthropometric measures were included in regression models. Without accounting for the protective effect of hip circumference, the effect of obesity on risk of death and disease may be seriously underestimated. Considered together (but not as a ratio measure), waist and hip circumference may improve risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease and other outcomes.     

社区非糖尿病人群颈围和胰岛素抵抗的相关性分析

目的 分析和探索中国社区人群健康成人的颈围和胰岛素抵抗的相关性.方法 选择常住江苏徐州地区的社Ⅸ健康人群2 31 8名为研究对象,检测受试者颈围、身高、腰围、臀围、体重和甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(H DL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖等相关生化指标.胰岛素抵抗以稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)来评价.结果 颈围和年龄、体重指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、LDL-C、尿酸正相关,与HDL-C负相关.校正年龄和其他心血管代谢危险因素后,无论男性和女性,颈围和HOMA-IR的增加趋势显著相关,进一步校正BMI和腰围后,这种相关性并没有明显变化.颈围和BMI或腰围对HOMA-IR有显著的叠加作用(P＜0.01);在较大BMI和较大腰围的个体,颈围和HOMA-IR的相关性更明显.结论 在中国健康成人中,颈围和胰岛素抵抗、心血管代谢危险因素独立相关,并且和BMI、腰围有交互作用.     

Waist circumference,visceral abdominal fat thickness and three components of metabolic syndrome

ObjectiveThe relationships between the waist circumference (WC), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness and three components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were explored to verify which of the obesity indices might be superior.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted of 1256 subjects (840 males and 416 females) aged 26–89 years, who were individuals undergoing intensive health checkup. The three components of MetS examined were high blood pressure, glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for the analyses.ResultsThe mean values of the WC and VAT thickness were significantly higher in the subject group positive for each of the metabolic syndrome components than in the subject group that was negative for all the components (p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the WC showed an advantage over the VAT thickness only for predicting high blood pressure in men. Logistic regression analysis revealed increase of the odds ratios of the WC for glucose intolerance (p < 0.001), high blood pressure (p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.01) in men. In contrast, the odds ratio of the VAT thickness was significantly increased only for dyslipidemia (p < 0.01) in men. In women, the odds ratios of the WC for glucose intolerance (p < 0.01) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.001) were significantly increased, and odds ratio of the VAT thickness for high blood pressure (p < 0.01) was significantly increased.ConclusionThis survey presented an advantage of WC over VAT thickness as an obesity index for identifying all the three components of metabolic syndrome, although sex differences in the study outcomes were found.     

Constructing a waist circumference density index to predict biological age and evaluating the clinical significance of waist circumference density age

Objective

To establish a useful and simple model for evaluating biological age (BA) and to explore the clinical significance of this model.

Methods

A waist circumference density index (WCDI) was established by considering the body as a cylinder and the waist circumference (WC) as the perimeter of this cylinder. Body volume was obtained from WC and height. Body density was obtained by dividing weight by volume, WCDI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)^0.5 × WC (m)²], thereby eliminating the impact of weight and height on WC. Waist circumference density age (WCDA), used to assess the clinical significance, was established as WCDA = chronological age − 190 + 2.4 × WCDI. WCDA was calculated for different groups of subjects, including healthy individuals and inpatients with primary hypertension or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Results

WCDI was related to chronological age. The average WCDA of healthy Chinese subjects was 35.63 ± 23.77. The WCDA in patients with hypertension or COPD was significantly lower than that of the control group, evaluated using age-matched pairs of patients.

Conclusions

WCDI may be an effective parameter for evaluating BA; WCDA may be a helpful indicator for evaluating some diseases.     

Sarcopenia,calf circumference,and physical function of elderly women: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether calf circumference (CC), related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass, can be used as a measure of sarcopenia and is related to physical function. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from 1992 to 1994 of the European Patient Information and Documentation Systems Study. SETTING: Community setting in France. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand four hundred fifty-eight French women aged 70 and older without previous history of hip fracture were recruited from the electoral lists. MEASUREMENTS: Muscular mass was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). CC was measured using a tape measure. Anthropometric measurements (height; weight; and waist, hip, and calf circumference), strength markers (grip strength), and self-reported physical function were also determined. Sarcopenia was defined (using DEXA) as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (weight (kg)/height (m2)) less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young female reference group. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 9.5%. CC was correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.63). CC under 31 cm was the best clinical indicator of sarcopenia (sensitivity = 44.3%, specificity = 91.4%). CC under 31 cm was associated with disability and self-reported physical function but not sarcopenia (defined using DEXA), independent of age, comorbidity, obesity, income, health behavior, and visual impairment. CONCLUSION: CC cannot be used to predict sarcopenia defined using DEXA but provides valuable information on muscle-related disability and physical function.