基于FAK-F-actin通路探讨岩藻糖基转移酶8对泡沫细胞运动能力的影响

目的探讨岩藻糖基转移酶8(Fut8)表达下调对泡沫细胞运动能力的影响及机制。方法建立泡沫细胞模型,检测Fut8表达的改变,并明确其与泡沫细胞运动能力之间的直接联系。检测Fut8过表达对细胞内纤维型肌动蛋白(F-actin)形成的影响及其上游分子局部黏着斑激酶(FAK)的活化情况。结果泡沫细胞形成过程中,Fut8的表达明显下调,而过表达Fut8能修复泡沫细胞受损的运动能力。F-actin的表达随着泡沫细胞运动能力下降而明显下调,且受到Fut8的调节。FAK的磷酸化在Fut8表达下调时受到明显抑制,过表达Fut8能导致FAK的磷酸化明显增强。结论 Fut8-FAK-F-actin通路受到抑制可能是泡沫细胞运动能力减弱的原因之一。     

化瘀解毒方含药血清体外抑制A549肿瘤细胞作用及其机制

目的研究化瘀解毒方提取物抗人肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用及机制。方法培养人肺癌A549细胞株,利用MTT法分析肿瘤细胞增殖抑制率,利用Transwell细胞培养系统检测细胞迁移、侵袭作用,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测化瘀解毒方提取物对磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K),3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶(PDK)1和蛋白激酶B(Akt)mRNA的表达,进一步采用免疫印迹检测PI3K/Akt信号通路中蛋白及其磷酸化水平。结果化瘀解毒方提取物呈浓度依赖性抑制体外人肺癌A549肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,与生理盐水组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。化瘀解毒方含药血清和阳性对照药环磷酰胺对PI3K,PDK1和Akt总蛋白水平无影响。然而,化瘀解毒方含药血清显著抑制A549细胞中Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平。结论化瘀解毒方含药血清抑制A549细胞增殖、黏附、迁移和侵袭与抑制Akt蛋白的磷酸化有关,其作用机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt通路有关。     

百里醌对HUVECs细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的探究百里醌降低过氧化氢引起的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)细胞凋亡及其潜在机制。方法使用百里醌预处理HUVECs细胞后加入过氧化氢共培养1 h,使用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)方法测定细胞增殖能力改变;应用流式细胞仪检测百里醌预处理后加入过氧化氢共培养的HUVECs细胞凋亡情况变化;使用GFP-LC3荧光体系检测百里醌对HUVECs细胞自噬的影响;应用Western印迹法测定不同处理后HUVECs细胞Caspase-3/Cleaved Caspase-3、LC3-Ⅰ/LC3-Ⅱ、Akt/p-Akt、mTOR/p-mTOR、Beclin1、Bcl-2、β-Actin蛋白表达情况改变。结果百里醌预处理HUVECs细胞,降低由过氧化氢引起的细胞凋亡并呈现剂量依赖性(P0.05);百里醌诱导HUVECs细胞发生自噬;3-MA阻断自噬途径后百里醌对过氧化氢处理的HUVECs细胞保护作用减弱(P0.05);百里醌抑制p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达,促进Beclin1和Bcl-2蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论百里醌通过抑制Akt/mTOR信号通路和上调Beclin1蛋白激活自噬,促进Bcl-2蛋白表达抑制凋亡,降低过氧化氢引起的HUVECs细胞凋亡,为动脉粥样硬化的防治提供新思路。     

纤维连接蛋白对人结肠癌细胞侵袭力的影响

目的研究纤维连接蛋白（fibronectin，FN）对人结肠癌细胞侵袭力的影响，并探讨其中的信号传导机制。方法以递增浓度的FN刺激结肠癌细胞株Colo320，以免疫沉淀和蛋白质印迹法检测结肠癌细胞内黏着斑激酶（focal adhesion kinase，FAK）第397位酪氨酸（tyr-397）磷酸化的状况．以改良Boyden小室法检测相应的细胞侵袭力变化。设计反义寡核苷酸阻断FAK蛋白质表达，再次观察接受FN刺激后．结肠癌细胞内FAK tyr-397磷酸化状况及细胞侵袭力的改变。结果FN能够促进Colo320 FAK tyr-397磷酸化，在一定范围内具有剂量依赖性。FN浓度达10nmol／L时．此作用最显著，继续增加FN浓度．FAK tyr-397磷酸化不再呈现继续增强趋势．当浓度达到100nmol／L时，磷酸化程度反而有所下降；FN可以增强细胞侵袭力，同样在一定范围内具有剂量依赖性；反义寡核苷酸干预后．结肠癌细胞内FAK tyr-397磷酸化及细胞侵袭力均有显著降低（P〈0.01）。结论FN可以有效增强结肠癌细胞的侵袭力，其作用是通过FN—FAK信号通路实现的，FAK的活性形式是其酪氨酸位点的磷酸化．阻断FAK的表达町以减弱FN促进细胞侵袭的作用。     

反义局部粘着斑激酶脱氧寡核苷酸对肝癌细胞侵袭性生长的抑制作用

目的 观察反义局部粘着斑激酶脱氧寡核苷酸(FAK ODN)转染对肝癌细胞侵袭性生长的影响,并探讨其作用机制。 方法 以LipofecTAMINE介导的反义FAK ODN转染Bel 7402肝癌细胞株,测定Bel 7402肝癌细胞株体外生长曲线、细胞活力,测定不同时间点该细胞体外黏附能力变化,以Transwell小室测定细胞的体外侵袭能力,同时行FAK表达与细胞DNA含量的双参数流式细胞仪检测及细胞凋亡的流式细胞仪检测。 结果 p125FAK表达在反义转染组(6.49％±0.10％)显著低于正义转染组(14.33％±1.88％)与对照组(16.68％±1.62％),F=7.66,P<0.01;反义FAK ODN转染显著抑制Bel 7402肝癌细胞株的生长,其细胞活力显著下降,肿瘤细胞抑制率在30％-60％之间;细胞体外黏附能力受到显著抑制,黏附抑制率在25％-55％间;细胞的体外侵袭能力显著下降,侵袭抑制率在15％-25％之间;细胞凋亡显著增加;细胞周期分析显示S期细胞比率显著降低,细胞生长主要阻滞在G2/M期。 结论 FAK在Bel 7402肝癌细胞的黏附与迁移运动中发挥重要作用,其表达阻断显著抑制肝癌细胞的体外黏附与侵袭活性。FAK表达阻断显著抑制肝癌细胞的体外增殖,促进细胞凋亡。     

黏着斑激酶相关非激酶对肝星状细胞凋亡及细胞外信号调节激酶的影响

目的 应用黏着斑激酶相关非激酶(FRNK)表达质粒瞬时转染纤维连接蛋白(FN)预刺激的肝星状细胞(HSC),探讨FRNK对HSC凋亡及细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)的影响.方法 在体外,以FN诱导HSC增殖,采用脂质体介导的方法用FRNK表达质粒瞬时转染HSC,应用膜联蛋白/碘化丙啶双标记流式细胞术、DNA凝胶电泳技术和透射电镜技术检测细胞的凋亡,Western blot及RT-PCR方法检测FRNK、黏着斑激酶(FAK),p FAK(Tyr397)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)、ERK1、p-ERK蛋白及其mRNA表达. 结果FRNK表达质粒成功转染HSC,在翻译后水平抑制FAK磷酸化.与空质粒组比较,FRNK表达质粒转染HSC48 h后,HSC凋亡率由9.28%±1.05%增至25.37%±1.92%(P<0.01),caspase-3蛋白由185.82±9.69增至264.17±12.60(P<0.01),caspase-3 mRNA由1.07±0.27增至4.19±0.48(P<0.01).FRNK抑制FAK磷酸化和在翻译和转录水平抑制ERK1、p-ERK的表达,而FN则促进FAK和ERK1,p-ERK在翻译和转录水平的表达. 结论在脂质体介导下瞬时转染FRNK表达质粒,可使外源性的FRNK在HSC内大量表达,在翻译后水平抑制FAK磷酸化;并可能通过FAK-ERK信号转导通路诱导FN刺激的HSC发生凋亡.     

肝细胞生长因子对肝细胞癌细胞系SMMC-7721黏着斑激酶的影响

目的:探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)对黏着斑激酶(FAK)、Src表达及活性的影响以及PI3K在该过程中的作用.方法:LY294002预处理阻断PI3K的活性、HGF处理SMMC-7721后检测FAK和Src的表达、磷酸化及在细胞内的分布. 应用免疫印迹技术检测FAK、Src的表达及磷酸化, 免疫荧光技术检测FAK在SMMC-7721细胞中的分布.结果:HGF(50 μg/L)可以促进FAK Y397位点的磷酸化, 对FAK的表达没有影响. 应用PI3K抑制物LY294002处理后, FAK Y397的磷酸化水平显著降低. HGF处理后, FAK主要位于细胞边缘, 呈簇状分布, 应用PI3K抑制物, FAK在细胞内弥散分布. HGF处理后, Src激酶和SrcY416的磷酸化水平明显增加, 而经LY294002处理后, Src激酶与Src Y416的磷酸化水平明显降低.结论:肝细胞癌中, HGF以PI3K依赖性的方式促进FAK和Src的活化.     

VEGF基因沉默对胰腺癌细胞化疗敏感性和Akt信号通路的影响

目的 观察靶向血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)基因小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)对胰腺癌BxPC3细胞化疗药物敏感性的影响,并探讨其可能机制.方法 将培养后的BxPC3细胞分为单纯BxPC3细胞组、脂质体处理组、错配siRNA转染组和VEGFsiRNA转染组.以5、10、20、100、200 nmol/L的VEGF siRNA转染BxPC3细胞.采用实时定量RT-PCR和ELASA法检测细胞VEGF mRNA和蛋白的表达;MTT法检测吉西他滨对各组细胞生长的影响;蛋白质印迹法检测BxPC3细胞Akt蛋白的磷酸化.结果 VEGF siRNA转染后,BxPC3细胞VEGF mRNA和蛋白呈浓度和时间依赖性明显下调,但对BxPC3细胞的增殖无明显影响.用0.2 μmol/L吉西他滨处理细胞48 h后,BxPC3细胞组、错配siRNA组及5、10、20 nmol/L siRNA组细胞的生长抑制率分别为(16.9±0.3)%、(17.3±0.3)%、(28.8±0.4)%、(52.2±0.3)%、(75.4±0.4)%,抑制率与siRNA浓度相关(r=0.928).同时,siRNA转染后细胞Akt蛋白的磷酸化被明显抑制.结论 VEGF基因在胰腺癌BxPC3细胞耐药中起着重要的作用,其机制可能与Akt蛋白磷酸化有关.     

人结肠癌细胞胃泌素-黏着斑激酶通路的研究

目的研究胃泌素对人结肠癌细胞信号分子黏着斑激酶(FAK)酪氨酸磷酸化和蛋白质表达的影响。方法使用胆囊收缩素2受体(CCK2R)的真核表达载体pCR3.1/CCK2R,转染人结肠癌细胞株Colo320,上调胃泌素作用;使用胃泌素拮抗剂下调胃泌素作用。使用胃泌素按浓度和时间梯度刺激细胞,以免疫沉淀和蛋白质印迹法检测FAK酪氨酸磷酸化和蛋白质表达情况。结果胃泌素能够引起FAK酪氨酸磷酸化,具有时间和剂量依赖性;CCK2R表达上调可以增强此作用;胃泌素拮抗剂具有相反作用。结论FAK是胃泌素发挥效应的下游信号分子,以酪氨酸磷酸化的形式发挥作用。胃泌素CCKRFAK信号通路在胃泌素引起的肿瘤细胞增殖过程中发挥重要作用。     

半乳凝素3在胰腺癌细胞中的表达及对胰腺癌SW1990细胞增殖和侵袭的影响

目的 研究半乳凝素3( galectin-3)在胰腺癌细胞株中的表达及对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990增殖和侵袭能力的影响.方法 采用免疫细胞化学法和RT-PCR方法检测胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、PANC1、AsPC-1的galectin-3蛋白和mRNA表达.分别应用1、2、3、5μg/ml galectin-3单抗处理SW1990细胞24、48、72 h,采用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞的增殖,Transwell小室检测细胞的侵袭能力.结果 胰腺癌SW1990.PANC1、AsPC-1细胞均有galectin-3 mRNA和蛋白表达.galectin-3单抗呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制SW1990细胞的增殖及穿膜细胞数.培养72 h时2、3、5μg/ml galectin-3单抗的细胞生长抑制率分别为19.8％、29.9％和42.7％,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).3 μg/ml galectin-3单抗组的穿膜细胞抑制率为37.1％,与对照组的10.4％差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 galectin-3在胰腺癌细胞中高表达,用抗体中和galectin-3能抑制SW1990细胞的增殖和侵袭能力     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.