Clinical Effects of Pulse High‐Volume Hemofiltration on Severe Acute Pancreatitis Complicated With Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

To evaluate the effects of pulse high‐volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Thirty patients were divided into two groups: PHVHF group and continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) group. They were evaluated in terms of clinical symptoms, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, simplified acute physiology (SAPS) II score and biochemical changes. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α in plasma were assessed by ELISA before and after treatment. The doses of dopamine used in shock patients were also analyzed. In the two groups, symptoms were markedly improved after treatment. Body temperature (BT), breath rate (BR), heart rate (HR), APACHE II score, SOFA score, SAPS II score, serum amylase, white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein were decreased after hemofiltration (P < 0.05). The PHVHF group was superior to the CVVH group, especially in APACHE II score, CRP (P < 0.01), HR, temperature, SOFA score and SAPS II score (P < 0.05). The doses of dopamine for shock patients were also decreased in the two groups (P < 0.05), with more reduction in the PHVHF group than the CVVH group (P < 0.05). The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α decreased (P < 0.05) in the PHVHF group more significantly than the CVVH group (P < 0.01). PHVHF appears to be superior to CVVH in the treatment of SAP with MODS.     

Conservative approach in the management of severe acute pancreatitis: eight-year experience in a single institution

Introduction. Recognition of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), intensive care, shifting away from early surgical treatment, and monitoring of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is important in the management of SAP. The aim of our study was retrospective evaluation and critical assessment of the experience with SAP management protocol involving new strategy in the university hospital. Methods. Protocols of 274 SAP patients treated in our institution during the last eight years were reassessed. APACHE II, CRP and SOFA score, IAP, pulmonary complications, ventilatory support and infection rate were evaluated. The success of the conservative treatment, surgical interventions and mortality was analysed comparing period 1 from 1999 to 2002 and period 2 from 2003 to 2006. Results. More patients with necrotising SAP were treated in period 2. The average CRP and SOFA score was higher in period 2, p=0.018; p=0.011. A total of 139 patients underwent continuous veno-venouse haemofiltration (CVVH) as a component of fluid resuscitation and IAP control. Application of CVVH increased in period 2, p<0.005. Only 5–8% of patients were managed with ventilatory support. The overall infection rate decreased in period 2 comprising 21%, p<0.005. Success rate of the conservative therapy reached 69% in period 2, p<0.01. Surgical treatment was performed in 41% of patients in period 1 vs. 19% in period 2, p<0.001. Overall mortality was 19%, with a reduction to 12% in year 2006. Conclusion. The conservative protocol-based approach is a rational treatment strategy for the management of SAP and can be successfully implemented in the setting of the university hospital.     

Increased intra-abdominal pressure: is it of any consequence in severe acute pancreatitis?

Background. Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is detrimental for the recovery of organ function in trauma and emergency patients. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the dynamics of IAP and organ dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Materials and methods. Management of SAP between 2000 and 2004 was analysed. SAP was classified according to Atlanta 1992. Organ dysfunction, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and outcomes in relation to the IAP were assessed. IAP was measured indirectly. Results. A total of 65 patients, with an average APACHE II score of 6.44, complied with the Atlanta criteria. In all, 34 patients received conservative treatment and 31 were operated. SIRS was observed in 59 cases and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in 61 cases. IAP was significantly higher in the 25 most complicated patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), compared with 40 patients without RRT, 31.72 vs 21.4 cm/H₂O (p=0.037). IAP interrelated positively with SOFA score (r = + 0.371, p<0.01) and organs involved (r = + 0.356, p<0.01), and negatively with platelet count and enterally provided volume (r = − 0.284, p<0.01; r = − 0.5, p<0.01, respectively). Overall mortality (9.2%) was associated with surgery and sustained increase of the IAP over 25 cm/H₂O. Our data support the pathophysiological interrelation of elevated IAP and development of organ dysfunction. Conclusion. Development of organ dysfunction in SAP could be associated with increased IAP. Grade III increase of IAP should be considered as an indicator for revision of treatment modalities.     

连续性血液净化在ICU多器官功能障碍综合征合并急性肾衰竭患者的应用及预后分析

目的探讨连续性血液净化治疗（CBPT）在ICU多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）合并急性肾衰竭（APF）患者的疗效及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年2月该院ICU中行连续性静-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗的245例MODS合并ARF患者一般资料、血液生化检查、疾病严重程度评分等，对比分析CVVH治疗前后临床参数的变化及影响预后的因素。结果CVVH对容量负荷、溶质清除效果明显；反映疾病严重程度如氧合指数、APACHEⅡ评分、MODS评分、SOFA评分CVVH治疗前后比较无明显差异；全部患者死亡率为64．9％，病死率随着衰竭器官数目的增加而显著升高。多因素回归分析显示，患者CVVH治疗前衰竭器官数、医院获得性ARF、CVVH前APACHEⅡ评分、平均动脉压是独立危险因素。结论对于MODS合并ARF患者，CVVH治疗前患者疾病的严重程度是影响预后的重要因素，依据患者临床病情早期积极CBPT可能改善MODS合并ARF患者的预后。     

Role of Heart Rate Variability in Predicting the Severity of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Background

Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are major complications of acute pancreatitis which determine disease severity and outcome.

Aims

The aim of this study is to investigate the value of admission heart rate variability as a marker of IPN or MODS in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.

Methods

Forty-one SAP patients within 72 h of symptoms onset were included in this prospective observational study. General demographics, laboratory data and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores were recorded at admission. 5-minute ECG signals were obtained at the same time for heart rate variability analyses to assess SAP severity.

Results

The baseline heart rate variability measurements, levels of low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) were significantly lower whereas high frequency norm (nHF) levels were significantly higher in patients who present with IPN and MODS or died (P < 0.01). Low frequency (LF) levels were lower in patients who present with IPN or MODS as compared to patients without these complications. Levels of low frequency norm (nLF) were lower in MODS and non-survival patients. nHF and LF/HF were good predictors of IPN and MODS, superior to procalcitonin. nHF and LF/HF were better than APACHE II in predicting IPN and LF/HF showed superiority over APACHE II in the prediction of MODS.

Conclusions

Admission heart rate variability is a good marker of IPN and MODS in SAP patients.     

Clinical characteristics and management of patients with early acute severe pancreatitis： Experience from a medical center in China

AIM: To study clinical characteristics and management of patients with early severe acute pancreatitis (ESAP). METHODS: Data of 297 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) admitted to our hospital within 72 h after onset of symptoms from January 1991 to June 2003 were reviewed for the occurrence and development of early severe acute pancreatitis (ESAP). ESAP was defined as presence of organ dysfunction within 72 h after onset of symptoms. Sixty-nine patients had ESAP, 228 patients without organ dysfunction within 72 h after onset of symptoms had SAP. The clinical characteristics, incidence of organ dysfunction during hospitalization and prognosis between ESAP and SAP were compared. RESULTS: Impairment degree of pancreas (Balthazar CT class) in ESAP was more serious than that in SAP (5.31+/-0.68 vs 3.68+/-0.29, P<0.01). ESAP had a higher mortality than SAP (43.4% vs 2.6%, P<0.01), and a higher incidence of hypoxemia (85.5% vs 25%, P<0.01), pancreas infection (15.9% vs 7.5%, P<0.05), abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) (78.3% vs 23.2%, P<0.01) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)(78.3% vs 10.1%, P<0.01). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the main predisposing factors to ESAP were higher APACHE II score, Balthazar CT class, MODS and hypoxemia. CONCLUSION: ESAP is characterised by MODS, severe pathological changes of pancreas, early hypoxemia and abdominal compartment syndrome. Given the poor prognosis of ESAP, these patients should be treated in specialized intensive care units with special measures such as close supervision, fluid resuscitation, improvement of hypoxemia, reduction of pancreatic secretion, elimination of inflammatory mediators, prevention and treatment of pancreatic infections.     

生大黄保留灌肠辅助治疗重症急性胰腺炎肠麻痹的临床研究

目的 探讨生大黄液灌肠对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者肠道功能恢复的影响.方法 选择近5年收治的60例SAP患者,按完全随机法分为对照组和生大黄灌肠治疗组.对照组患者给予常规综合治疗,包括胃肠减压、禁食、抗感染、抑制胰腺分泌、抑制全身炎症反应及器官功能支持等;生大黄组在常规治疗的基础上,加用生大黄粉100 g的浸泡液200 ml高位保留灌肠,1次/d,直至肠道功能恢复后停药.于入院第1、2、5、6天测膀胱压力,行APACHEⅡ评分.观察两组肠道功能恢复(出现肠鸣音及肛门排气、排便)时间、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)消退时间、住院天数及病死率.结果 入院第5、6天,生大黄组患者的膀胱压力及APACHEⅡ评分均显著低于对照组患者[(21.9±9.0) cmH2O比(25.3±9.5)cmH2O,(16.5±7.5) cmH2O比(20.6±7.7) cmH2 O,1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa; (9.8±3.8)分比(12.5±3.6)分,(9.2±2.4)分比(11.2±2.5)分;P值均＜0.05)].生大黄组患者肠道功能恢复时间、SIRS消退时间、住院天数及病死率分别为(126.8±28.2)h、(131.2±29.6)h、(25.6±6.2)d及16.7％,其肠道功能恢复及SIRS消退时间、住院天数均较对照组患者的(169.9±53.4)h、(160.4±30.4)h、(33.2±6.4)d明显缩短(P值均＜0.05),病死率较对照组的26.7％降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 生大黄液保留灌肠可明显缩短SAP患者的肠道功能恢复时间及住院天数.     

预防性应用抗生素在重症急性胰腺炎中的作用

急性胰腺炎是消化系常见急症，可分为轻症急性胰腺炎（MAP）和重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）。SAP症状较重，病死率高，患者主要死于早期毒血症、全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）、多器官功能衰竭（MODS）等严重并发症和后期继发感染。随着重症监护、影像学、内镜检查和外科技术的发展，多数患者能度过早期SIRS、MODS等并发症，但后期继发感染仍是患者致死的主要危险因素。因此．目前早期应用抗生素能否预防SAP后期继发感染已成为研究热点。本文就预防性应用抗生素在SAP中作用的研究进展作一综述。     

d-dimer as a marker of severity in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Background/purpose

Coagulative disorder is known to occur in the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and d-dimer is a commonly used clinical parameter of hemostasis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the plasma d-dimer level as a marker of severity in the first 3?days after admission in patients with SAP.

Methods

From January 2009 to February 2011, 45 patients admitted for SAP were included in this observational study. The d-dimer level was measured on a daily basis during days 1?C3 after admission and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and other clinical parameters were recorded at the same time. The maximum and the mean d-dimer values were used for analysis and compared with other prognostic factors of SAP.

Results

Both the maximum and mean levels of d-dimer were significantly different between patients with and without clinical variables such as multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), need for surgical intervention, and the presence of pancreatic infection. The d-dimer level also showed great precision for the prediction of MODS and secondary infection. Additionally, the d-dimer level correlated well with two usual markers of SAP severity?Cthe APACHE II score and the C-reactive protein level.

Conclusion

d-dimer measurement is a useful, easy, and inexpensive early prognostic marker of the evolution and complications of SAP.     

Audit of patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to an intensive care unit

Background

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. We undertook a study of patients with SAP admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary referral hospital.

Methods

Between 2002 and 2007, 50 patients with SAP were admitted in our intensive care unit (ICU). Data were collected from their medical records and their clinical profile, course and outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into survivor and nonsurvivor groups, and were further classified based on interventions such as percutaneous drainage and surgical necrosectomy.

Results

SAP contributed 5?% of total ICU admissions during the study period. Median age of survivors (n?=?20) was 34 against 44?years in nonsurvivors (n?=?30). Median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score in nonsurvivors was 16.5 (8?C32) vs. 12.5 (5?C20) in survivors (p?=?0.002). Patients with APACHE II score ??12 had mortality >80?% compared to 23?% with score <12 (p?<?0.001). Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on admission and on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (p?<?0.05). Mean (SD) intraabdominal pressure was 23 (3.37) mmHg in nonsurvivors vs. 19.05 (2.51) in survivors (p?<?0.05). Patients with renal failure had significant mortality (p?<?0.001). Length of ICU stay, requirement for vasopressor, total parenteral nutrition, and the amount of blood and blood product transfusions differed significantly between patients with and without intervention.

Conclusions

APACHE II and SOFA scores and other clinical data correlated with outcome in SAP admitted to ICU.     

急性胰腺炎初期全身炎症反应综合征持续时间与感染性胰腺坏死的关系

目的探究急性胰腺炎(AP)患者早期炎症反应与晚期感染性胰腺坏死(IPN)的潜在关系。方法回顾性纳入西南医科大学附属医院2019年6月—2020年6月收治的中度重症急性胰腺炎(MSAP)患者219例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者53例,根据起病初期是否合并全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),分为SIRS组160例,非SRIS组112例。纳入基线资料、血清学指标、并发症及病死率。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,多组间进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法。logistic回归分析筛选有价值的变量,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)用于比较变量的诊断价值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的两两比较采用Z检验。结果SIRS组患者的WBC、CRP、降钙素原更高(P值均<0.05),SIRS组合并急性胰周坏死物聚集(ANC)、IPN、胰腺坏死(PN)、器官功能障碍(OF)、多器官功能障碍(MODS)、重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)、危重症急性胰腺炎(CAP)、死亡、BISAP评分>2、CTSI评分>2、RANSON评分>2的比例均高于非SIRS组(P值均<0.05)。单因素分析显示,SIRS持续时间、肥胖、CRP、WBC、血尿素氮、PN、ANC、SAP、MODS、RANSON评分、BISAP评分、CTSI评分均是AP患者发生IPN的影响因素(P值均<0.05);多因素分析显示,SIRS持续时间(OR=1.307,95%CI:1.081~1.580,P=0.006)、ANC(OR=42.247,95%CI:10.829~164.818,P<0.001)是IPN的危险因素,排除ANC时,SIRS持续时间(OR=1.430,95%CI:1.207~1.694,P<0.001)、PN(OR=5.296,95%CI:1.845~15.203,P=0.002)是IPN的危险因素。预测IPN的ROC曲线显示:SIRS持续时间(AUC=0.772,约登指数:0.521)、RANSON评分(AUC=0.701,约登指数:0.319)、BISAP评分(AUC=0.741,约登指数:0.377)、CTSI评分(AUC=0.765,约登指数:0.414)的AUC两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。超长时间SIRS组(>4 d)患者发生PN、ANC、IPN、SAP、CAP的比例均显著高于无SIRS组(0)、短暂性SIRS组(1~2 d)和持续性SIRS组(3~4 d)(P值均<0.05),持续性SIRS组患者发生SAP的比例高于无SIRS组(P<0.05)。结论AP患者早期合并SIRS时更容易发生器官功能衰竭及局部并发症,当SIRS持续时间>4.5 d时,患者发生IPN的风险显著增加。     

TNF-alpha gene (TNFA) variants increase risk for multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in acute pancreatitis

Background/ObjectivesAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a complex inflammatory syndrome with unpredictable progression to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?α) is a cytokine that may link inflammation to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which usually precedes MODS. Small genetic cohort studies of the TNFA promoter in AP produced ambiguous results. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of TNFA promoter variants to assess both susceptibility to AP and risk of progression to MODS.MethodsWe prospectively ascertained 401 controls and 211 patients with AP that were assessed for persistent SIRS (>48 h) and MODS. MODS was defined as failure of ≥2 organ systems (cardiovascular, pulmonary, and/or renal) persisting more than 48 h. Subjects were genotyped by DNA sequencing and analyzed for SNPs at ?1031 C/T (rs1799964), ?863 A/C (rs1800630), ?857 C/T (rs1799724), ?308 A/G (rs1800629), and ?238 A/G (rs361525).ResultsTwenty-three of 211 AP patients (11%) developed MODS. TNFA promoter variants were not associated with susceptibility to AP, but progression to MODS was associated with the minor allele at ?1031C (56.5% vs. 32.4% P = 0.022, OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.12–6.51) and ?863A (43.5% vs. 21.8% P = 0.022, OR: 2.76; 95%CI: 1.12–6.74).ConclusionTNFA promoter variants do not alter susceptibility to AP, but rather the TNF?α expression-enhancing ?1031C and ?863A alleles significantly increased the risk of AP progression to MODS. These data, within the context of previous studies, clarify the risk of specific genetic variants in TNFA and therefore the role of TNF?α in the overall AP syndrome.     

Early recognition of abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with acute pancreatitis

AIM： To assess the value of widely used clinical scores in the early identification of acute pancreatitis （AP） patients who are likely to suffer from intra-abdominal hypertension （IAH） and abdominal compartment syndrome （ACS）.
METHODS： Patients （η = 44） with AP recruited in this study were divided into two groups （ACS and non-ACS） according to intra-abdominal pressure （IAP） determined by indirect measurement using the transvesical route via Foley bladder catheter. On admission and at regular intervals, the severity of the AP and presence of organ dysfunction were assessed utilizing different multifactorial prognostic systems： Glasgow-Imrie score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ （APACHE-Ⅱ） score, and Multiorgan Dysfunction Score （MODS）. The diagnostic performance of scores predicting ACS development, cut-off values and specificity and sensitivity were established using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis.
RESULTS： The incidence of ACS in our study population was 19.35%. IAP at admission in the ACS group was 22.0 （18.5-25.0） mmHg and 9.25 （3.0-12.4） mmHg in the non-ACS group （P 〈 0.01）. Univariate statistical analysis revealed that patients in the ACS group had significantly higher multifactorial clinical scores （APACHE Ⅱ, Glasgow-Imrie and MODS） on admission and higher maximal scores during hospitalization （P 〈 0.01）. ROC curve analysis revealed that APACHE Ⅱ, Glasgow-Imrie, and MODS are valuable tools for early prediction of ACS with high sensitivity and specificity, and that cut-off values are similar to those used for stratification of patients with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）.
CONCLUSION： IAH and ACS are rare findings in patients with mild AR Based on the results of our study we recommend measuring the IAP in cases when patients present with SAP （APACHE Ⅱ 〉 7; MODS 〉 2 or Glasgow-Imrie score 〉 3）.     

老年急腹症患者全身炎症反应综合征和多器官功能不全综合 …

目的 分析全身性炎症反应综合征（ＳＩＲＳ）向多脏器功能不全综合征（ＭＯＤＳ）的发展过程,探索ＭＯＤＳ的防治策略。方法 回顾性分析２８０例老年急腹症患者的ＳＩＲＳ和ＭＯＤＳ的临床资料。结果 老年急腹症患者入院时,ＳＩＲＳ的发生率４１．４％,其中ＭＯＤＳ发生率１２．９％,病死率１０．３％;经治疗（包括手术和保守治疗）４８小时后,仍伴有ＳＩＲＳ的患者３９例中,１５例发展为ＭＯＤＳ。２８０例老年急腹症患者     

PCT对脓毒症患者病情及预后的临床价值及其与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性分析

【】目的：分析PCT(降钙素原)在脓毒血症患者治疗后病情预后评价及与APACHEⅡ(急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ评分)的相关性。方法：回顾我院在2014年6月至2016年12月间收住的112例脓毒血症患者。根据脓毒血症病情严重程度分为轻症组34例,重症组45例,休克组33例。根据患者治疗结局分为存活组92例,死亡组20例。根据发生MODS(多器官官能障碍)与否分为非MODS组68例,MODS组44例。分析PCT在各组患者之间指标差异,与APACHEⅡ指标相关性。评价两指标对患者治疗过程中及预后的评价价值。结果：在轻症组、重症组及休克组患者之间比较,PCT指标、APACHEⅡ评分差异显著(P＜0.05),其中轻症组PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分最低,休克组最高。死亡组患者与存活组患者比较,其PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分明显升高,差异显著(P＜0.05)。在MODS组与非MODS组患者之间比较,非MODS组患者PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分较MODS组患者明显低(P＜0.05)。Pearson相关系数分析,PCT指标与APACHEⅡ评分指标呈正相关(P＜0.05)。绘制ROC曲线比较PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分各自及联合评价脓毒血症预后效果,在各组中,两者联合评价效果优于单独各自评价效果。结论：PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分对于评价脓毒血症患者预后均有效果,两者呈正相关。但PCT指标不能独立评估患者预后,联合评价效果优于单一APACHEⅡ评分评价效果。     

早期持续高容量血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床研究

 目的 研究早期持续高容量血液滤过（HVHF）对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者的临床疗效。方法 以2005年1月至2011年7月南昌大学第一附属医院重症医学科收治的SAP患者60例为研究对象,随机分为血液滤过 (血滤) 组和对照组,血滤组在采用常规治疗方法的同时,使用HVHF进行早期干预,比较两组患者的腹部症状、生命体征、氧合指数、肝肾功能、急性生理与慢性健康（APACHEⅡ）评分变化。结果 与对照组相比,血滤组早期HVHF治疗后患者发热、心动过速、呼吸窘迫、腹痛、腹胀等症状明显缓解,APACHEⅡ评分［(13.3±1.0)分比(14.1±1.2)分］、血TBil［(20.4±11.3) μmol/L比 (28.1±10.9) μmol/L］、血肌酐［(178.7±71.8) μmol/L比 (215.6±51.3) μmol/L］、血尿素氮［(10.1±5.6) mmol/L比 (13.2±3.8) mmol/L］、血ALT［(51.3±13.2) U/L比(62.5±14.3) U/L］均显著下降(P值均<0.05),氧合指数(PaO₂/FiO₂)（197.3±32.4 比 178.3±31.7）有显著提高(P<0.05),且在血滤治疗过程中患者平均动脉压逐渐上升,心率逐渐下降,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 早期持续性HVHF治疗SAP能早期缓解症状,改善病情,阻止全身炎症反应综合征发展为多器官功能障碍综合征;并能改善脏器功能,减少并发症,在SAP早期治疗中具有重要地位。     

The risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A retrospective analysis

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is very common in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), the early interventions are essential to the prognosis of SAP patients. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for ARDS in SAP patients, to provide insights into the management of SAP.SAP patients treated in our hospital from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2020 were included. The characteristics and lab test results were collected and compared, and we conducted the logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the potential risk factors for ARDS in patients with SAP.A total of 281 SAP patients were included finally, the incidence of ARDS in patients with SAP was 30.60%. There were significant differences on the respiratory rate, heart rate, APACHE II and Ranson score between 2 groups (all P < .05). And there were significant differences on the polymorphonuclear, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, albumin and PO₂/FiO₂ between 2 groups (all P < .05), and no significant differences on the K⁺, Na⁺, Ca⁺, white blood cell, neutrophils, urine and blood amylase, trypsin, lipase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, fasting blood glucose, and pH were found (all P > .05). Respiratory rate >30/min (odds ratio [OR]: 2.405, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.163–4.642), APACHE II score >11 (OR: 1.639, 95% CI: 1.078–2.454), Ranson score >5 (OR: 1.473, 95% CI: 1.145–2.359), polymorphonuclear >14 × 10⁹/L (OR: 1.316, 95% CI: 1.073–2.328), C-reactive protein >150 mg/L (OR: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.002–1.534), albumin ≤30 g/L (OR: 1.113, 95% CI: 1.005–1.489) were the independent risk factors for ARDS in patients with SAP (all P < .05).The incidence of ARDS in SAP patients is relatively high, and it is necessary to carry out targeted early prevention and treatment for the above risk factors.     

高龄全身炎症反应综合征54例临床研究

目的探讨高龄全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）的临床特征及治疗与预后的关系。方法选择南京军区南京总医院2006年2月至2012年6月收治的高龄SIRS54例患者的临床资料,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组28例,治疗组26例。两组患者同时进行原发病治疗、充分的抗感染、基础的呼吸支持。治疗组同时采取了呼吸支持的阶梯化管理并联合规范化营养支持及免疫调节。对比分析两组发生多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的情况以及病死率。结果治疗组SIRS致MODS的发生率为38．5％（10／26）,病死率7．7％（2／26）,显著低于对照组的57．1％（16／28）和28．6％（8／28）,且差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论高龄SIRS持续进展将导致MODS的发生。MODS是导致高龄重症感染患者死亡的主要原因。积极的规范化营养支持及免疫调理治疗可显著提高高龄SIRS患者的治愈率。     

脉冲式高容量血液滤过联合血液灌流治疗脓毒性休克并发肾损伤的临床研究

目的评估脉冲式高容量血液滤过(PHVHF)联合血液灌流(HP)治疗脓毒性休克并发肾损伤患者的临床疗效。方法 2015年1月至2018年12月在江南大学附属医院明确诊断为脓毒性休克并发肾损伤住院患者36例,随机分为连续性血液滤过(CVVH)组(n=18)及PHVHF联合HP组(n=18)。对比两组病人治疗前后生命体征、生化指标、急性生理与慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭(SOFA)评分以及去甲肾上腺素用量。采用ELISA方法检测治疗0h、2h、24h后血液及滤液白细胞介素(IL)-10,IL-6以及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的浓度。记录两组病人28 d病死率及90 d肾功能恢复情况。结果联合治疗组治疗后心率、WBC、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及去甲肾上腺素量下降优于CVVH组(P<0.05)。24 h后两组血液IL-10,IL-6以及TNF-α均有下降(P<0.05),联合治疗组效果更佳(P<0.05),HP治疗2h后即有明显下降(P<0.05),两组滤过液中均检测到以上炎症因子。联合治疗组28 d病死率为27.7%,有7例患者90 d内肾功能恢复,CVVH组病死率为38.8%,4例患者肾功能恢复。结论PHVHF联合HP可有效治疗脓毒性休克并发肾损伤。     

持续血液滤过治疗高脂血症性急性胰腺炎24例

目的:观察早期连续血液滤过(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH)对高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis,HLP)的治疗效果.方法:49例HLP患者随机分为2组:连续血液滤过组(A组,n=24)和对照组(B组,n=25).在常规治疗的基础上,A组加用连续血液滤过.观察治疗前后两组患者的心率(HR)、呼吸(R)、氧合指数(PO2/FiO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等指标的变化;并行APACHE~ 动态评分;比较两组治疗前后急性并发症的变化及治愈率.结果:经CVVH治疗后72h,患者临床症状改善明显,HR、R降至正常,APACHE~评分下降明显(10.8±5.1vs15.5±6.9,P<0.05);血清TG、IL-6及TNF-α亦明显下降(6.8±3.7vs18.5±6.3,39.8±16.7vs72.4±25.1,37.5±14.1vs61.2±16.1,P<0.05).治疗7d后,两组休克均获纠正(P<0.05).A组ARDS和急性肾功能障碍控制迅速,发生率下降明显(5.0%vs37.5%,5.0%vs25%,P<0.05).A组治愈22例,死亡2例,死亡率8.3%;B组治愈20例,死亡5例,死亡率20%,治疗效果显著.结论:CVVH治疗HLP有明显的效果,能有效改善患者病情,降低病死率.