多发性早期胃癌诊断1例

多发性早期胃癌在临床上比较少见,胃镜检查及诊断上容易遗漏病灶而误诊.本病例患者行两次外科手术,术后病理均证实为多发性早期胃癌.分析误诊原因为临床医师对该病认识不足,很多检查措施存在自身局限性,患者不配合医师检查.临床医生应拓宽思路,完善疾病知识,主观上重视疾病,术前必要时行染色内镜或放大内镜检查,术中探查全面仔细,术后病理行连续切片,提高多发性早期胃癌的检出率.     

同时性多发性早期胃癌的临床、内镜和病理特征分析

目的 探讨同时性多发性早期胃癌（synchronous multiple early gastric cancer,SMEGC）的临床、内镜和病理特征,以期减少漏诊率。方法 2017年1月—2019年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属松江医院行内镜黏膜下剥离术和（或）手术治疗,经术后病理证实早期胃癌的227例病例纳入回顾性分析,其中单发早期胃癌（solitary early gastric cancer,SEGC）200例（SEGC组）、SMEGC 27例（SMEGC组）,对比分析2组的临床、内镜和病理特征,并对SMEGC主、副病灶内镜病理特征进行关联性分析。结果 27例SMEGC共58个病灶,其中25例为术前同时发现的病灶,2例为内镜黏膜下剥离术后6个月内复查发现的与前一病灶不同部位的病灶。2组对比分析发现,SMEGC组中男性占比[85.2%（23/27）比61.5%（123/200）, χ2=5.815,P=0.016]、癌旁组织萎缩伴肠化占比[96.3%（26/27）比81.0%（162/200）, χ2=3.912,P=0.048]均高于SEGC组,患者年龄大于SEGC组[（68.7±6.7）岁比（63.8±9.8）岁,t=-2.561,P=0.011]。SMEGC组内关联性分析发现：主、副病灶在癌灶大小（r=0.640,P<0.001）、垂直方向分布（r=0.518,P=0.006）、内镜大体形态（r=0.904,P<0.001）和浸润深度（r=0.470,P=0.013）方面均有明显相关性。结论 SMEGC好发于有萎缩性胃炎伴肠化背景的老年男性患者,当内镜检查发现1个早期癌灶时,需警惕多癌灶存在的可能,尤其是垂直方向同一分布范围内在大体形态和浸润深度方面与检出癌灶相同或相近的病灶。     

幽门螺杆菌阴性早期胃癌的内镜及组织学 特点分析

目的分析并总结幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori, HP）阴性早期胃癌或高级别上皮内瘤变的内镜及组织学特点。方法检索在解放军总医院第七医学中心2013年1月—2020年1月诊断为早期胃癌或高级别上皮内瘤变的患者,按照HP阴性胃癌诊断标准纳入病例,回顾性分析其临床特点、内镜下表现及组织病理学特点。结果469处早期胃癌/高级别上皮内瘤变中共有10处（21%）HP阴性早期胃癌/高级别上皮内瘤变,其中包括3处印戒细胞癌,3处胃底腺型胃癌,1处胃小凹上皮型腺癌,1处贲门部高级别上皮内瘤变,1处家族性腺瘤性息肉病并发胃高级别上皮内瘤变,及1处Lynch综合征并发胃高级别上皮内瘤变。3处印戒细胞癌内镜下形态均为发白的平坦/凹陷病变,胃下部多见（2/3）。分化型早期胃癌/高级别上皮内瘤变7处,多位于胃中上部（6/7）,隆起型病变（5/7）多见。结论HP阴性早期胃癌或高级别上皮内瘤变内镜常表现为孤立性病灶,其中未分化型癌多表现为胃下部的发白平坦/凹陷病变,而分化型多表现为胃中上部的隆起型病变。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃癌的有效件及安全性.方法 对20例早期胃癌患者共21处病灶进行ESD治疗,观察治疗的情况及效果.结果 21处病灶一次性整块切除率为95.2%(20/21),组织学治愈性切除率为90.5%(19/21).平均手术时间50.4 min.急性少量出血率4.8%(1/21),术后腹痛发生率为76.2%(16/21),未发生急性大量出血、穿孔、术后延迟出血.2个月时复查胃镜,溃疡愈合率100%.平均随访9.2个月(8～12个月),局部无残留、复发及异时病灶发生.结论 ESD町提高一次性完整切除率和组织学治愈性切除率,是一种治疗早期胃癌的安全有效的方法.     

窄带成像技术结合内镜在早期胃癌及癌前病变诊断中的临床价值分析

目的探讨窄带成像技术(NBI)结合内镜在早期胃癌及癌前病变诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2010年5月至2017年5月收治的存在反复出现上消化道症状持续3年以上患者160例,按随机数字表法将其分为NBI内镜组与白光内镜组(各80例),其中白光内镜组患者给予普通白光内镜检查,NBI内镜组患者给予NBI结合内镜检查,根据相关内镜图像评分标准,对比两组患者内镜图像清晰度,并根据病理检查结果评估比较两组早期胃癌及胃癌病变检出准确率。结果 NBI内镜组发现病灶100处,其中13处癌性病变,87处为非癌性病变;白光内镜组发现病灶98处,其中10处为癌性病变,88处为非癌性病变。NBI内镜组在病变轮廓、微血管形态及胃小凹形态方面的内镜图像清晰度明显优于白光内镜组(P 0.05)。NBI内镜组诊断早期胃癌和癌前病变的病灶符合率(97.00%)、敏感性(97.80%)均明显高于白光内镜组的52.04%、55.17%(P均0.05),而两组诊断早期胃癌和癌前病变的特异性分别为88.89%、47.50%,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。NBI结合内镜诊断与病理诊断结果一致性较好(kappa=0.826),白光内镜与病理诊断一致性较差(kappa=0.026)。结论针对消化内科中存在反复上消化道症状持续3年以上患者给予NBI结合内镜检查,操作简单且安全有效,准确辨别早期胃癌和癌前病变的同时,提高活检病理检查准确率,对于尽早诊断并及时治疗早期胃癌和癌前病变具有重要的临床意义。     

同时性多发与单发早期胃癌临床病理特征比较以及多发癌病灶关联性分析

背景:早期胃癌检出率不断提高,但同时性多发早期胃癌(SMEGC)漏诊率较高,提高SMEGC的内镜诊断和治疗水平具有重要意义。目的:探讨SMEGC的临床病理特征及其主、次病灶间的关联性。方法:回顾性连续收集2013年6月—2018年12月于北京友谊医院行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)的231例早期胃癌病例,比较单发早期胃癌(SEGC)与SMEGC的临床、内镜病理特征和治疗效果,分析SMEGC主、次病灶内镜病理特征的关联性。结果:231例早期胃癌病例中16例(6. 9%)为SMEGC(34处病灶)。SEGC与SMEGC在性别、年龄、消化道肿瘤家族史,以及病灶大小、垂直方向分布、分化程度、侵犯深度、背景黏膜方面均无明显差异(P 0. 05)。在水平方向分布和大体形态方面,SMEGC出现于胃体后壁(38. 2%)和隆起型(47. 1%)比例更高(P 0. 05),且均为分化型癌。SMEGC主、次病灶的大体形态(r=0. 658)和分化程度(r=0. 489)具有显著相关性(P 0. 05),主、次病灶大体形态、分化程度、侵犯深度相同的SMEGC分别占68. 8%、81. 2%和87. 5%,主、次病灶背景黏膜均一致。SEGC和SMEGC的治愈性切除率无明显差异(86. 0%对85. 3%,P 0. 05)。结论:SMEGC的临床病理特征与SEGC相似,主、次病灶的大体形态、分化程度、侵犯深度和背景黏膜具有一致性,ESD为其有效治疗方式。     

早期胃癌内镜治愈性切除的影响因素

目的分析影响早期胃癌内镜治愈性切除的危险因素,提高内镜治愈性切除早期胃癌的可能性。方法收集2008年10月至2013年3月行内镜切除治疗的早期胃癌（包括高级别上皮内瘤变）患者的临床资料;分析性别、年龄、病灶位置、病灶直径、病灶内镜形态学分型及伴有溃疡形成6个因素对内镜切除术（ER）整块切除及治愈性切除的影响;同时分析非治愈性切除的主要原因。结果纳入早期胃癌共94例包含94个病灶,其中高级别上皮内瘤变病灶20个,黏膜内癌病灶70个,黏膜下浅层浸润癌（距黏膜肌层500斗m以内）病灶4个。其中5个病灶经EMR切除,89个病灶经ESD切除。ER整块切除率为95．7％（90／94）,治愈性切除率为79．8％（75／94）。直径〉3．0cm的病灶治愈性切除率显著低于直径≤2．0em的病灶（P=0．022,OR=0．108,95％C1：0．016—0．721）,伴有溃疡形成的病灶治愈性切除率显著低于不伴有溃疡形成的病灶（P=0．047,OR=0．149,95％CI：0．023～0．971）。非治愈性切除的主要原因是侧缘肿瘤细胞的残留。结论病灶直径〉3．0cm、伴有溃疡形成是影响早期胃癌ER治愈性切除的危险因素。     

早期胃癌的内镜下特征分析

目的探讨早期胃癌的内镜下特征。方法对2010年1月至2014年7月北京军区总医院消化科胃镜检查发现并经病理确诊的119例早期胃癌患者（130处病灶）和695例进展期胃癌患者（695处病灶）的临床资料进行回顾性总结,对比分析早期胃癌的内镜下特征。结果早期胃癌癌灶多位于胃窦部（34．6％,45／130）,镜下形态分类以0-Ⅱc型最多见（55．4％,72／130）,白光内镜下97处（74．6％）病灶可见色调发红、121处（93．1％）具有清晰的边界、46处（35．4％）边缘部有明显“毛刺征”、116处（89．2％）具有明显不规则的表面形态或颜色、35处（26．9％）表面可见并发的溃疡、57处（43．8％）可见自发性出血、108处（83．1％）周边背景黏膜有肠化／萎缩改变、23处（17．7％）表面可见白色不透明物质,病理分型以分化型为主（90．8％,118／130）;进展期胃癌癌灶多位于胃底／贲门部（39．1％,272／695）,病理分型以未分化型为主（81．3％,565／695）。两者在病变分布和病理分型构成方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论清晰的边界和表面不规则是早期胃癌的重要内镜下特征,胃镜检查时重视上述特点的观察将有助于早期胃癌的发现和诊断。     

下咽伴食管同时性早期癌内镜黏膜下剥离术诊治一例

本文报道了1例门诊胃镜检查发现的下咽早期癌伴发同时性食管早期癌病例,窄带成像放大内镜下观察上皮乳头内毛细血管袢呈B1型(日本食管协会AB分型),2处病灶均行内镜黏膜下剥离术完整切除,术后3个月复查胃镜提示原手术部位瘢痕形成,食管腔未见狭窄。     

高清胃镜下早期胃癌筛检策略初探

目的 初步总结高清胃镜下早期胃癌的筛检策略。方法 对2013年1月—2020年1月期间于解放军总医院第七医学中心行高清晰度胃镜检查且术后病理证实为早期胃癌或胃高级别上皮内瘤变（high grade intraepithelial neoplasia，HGIN）的469处病灶的胃镜图像进行重新判读，分析患者幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori，HP）感染状态，病灶是否位于萎缩区域内、是否位于贲门部、形态学类型、有无清晰边界、边界是否规则、病灶颜色等信息，总结早期胃癌和胃HGIN在高清胃镜下的形态学规律。 结果 469处早期胃癌或HGIN中，无HP感染史的病灶占2.1%（10/469），溃疡型病灶占7.7%（36/469）。可疑HP感染的非溃疡型病灶（423处）中，萎缩区域外病灶57处，其中贲门部病灶共28处，白光内镜下呈红色调者占82.1%（23/28）；非贲门部病灶共29处，具有清晰边界或白光内镜下呈白色调者占82.8%（24/29）；萎缩区域内病灶366处，其中隆起型病灶共73处，具有清晰边界或顶部有不规则凹陷者占95.9%（70/73）；平坦/凹陷型病灶共293处，边界不规则或窄带光成像下呈茶褐色调者占90.8%（266/293）。结论 根据胃内有无HP感染、病灶发生的部位和形态学类别的不同，以上内镜下形态特征可以作为高清胃镜下发现早期胃癌和HGIN的线索。     

Comparison of survival in nonresected well differentiated and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung

Summary One hundred nineteen cases of advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung were divided into well differentiated adenocarcinoma (72 cases) and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (47 cases) histologically and/or cytologically. The median survival of 72 cases of well differentiated adenocarcinoma (7.9 months) was significantly (P<0.025) longer than that of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (4.9 months) irrespective of stage, difference in treatment regimen, or response to treatment. In 9 evaluable cases, the objective response rate to chemotherapy was 25% (6/24) in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and 11.3% (8/71) in well differentiated adenocarcinoma, respectively. In 45 patients who received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the median survival of 22 well differntiated adenocarcinomas (11.8 months) was significantly (P<0.05) longer than that of 23 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (5.6 months). The same tendency was observed in 74 patients who received chemotherapy alone. Analysis based on the grade of differentiation is essential for the accurate assessment of the efficacy of treatment in adenocarcinomas of the lung.Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health and Welfare     

Clinicopathological analysis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics of a medullary cancer infiltration with scanty stroma type (por1) and a diffuse cancer infiltration with scirrhous stroma type (por2) of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, especially differences in lavage cytodiagnosis, lymph node metastasis pattern and nuclear DNA ploidy between them. METHODOLOGY: Age and gender of 168 patients (46: por1, 122: por2) and clinicopathological characteristics such as tumor site, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and serosal involvement were compared. Lymph node metastasis patterns were classified into 1) marginal, 2) nodular, 3) diffuse, and 4) massive types. The whole abdominal cavity was intra-operatively washed with 200 ml of saline, Papanicolaou-stained and used for lavage cytodiagnosis. Nuclear DNA ploidy pattern of carcinoma was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Lymph node metastasis rate was significantly higher in por2, especially in those with positive serosal invasion. Positive rate of lavage cytodiagnosis was significantly higher in por2 (38.9%), than that in por1 (9.1%). There were more hematogeneous recurrences in por1 more peritoneal disseminated recurrences in por2. Survival rate was better in por1. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences in lymph node metastasis, lavage cytodiagnosis and recurrence pattern between por1 and por2 even in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. These characteristics should be understood when selecting post-operative chemotherapy and also during follow-up.     

Jo-1 syndrome with associated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

SIR, The most common myositis-specific antibody is anti-Jo1,a precipitant antibody against the intracellular enzyme histidyltRNA synthetase. This is one of the five antibodies associatedwith polymyositis in the antisynthetase group [1]. This groupof antibodies presents with characteristic clinical featuresknown as the anti-synthetase syndrome, which includes myositis,interstitial lung disease, arthritis and Raynaud's phenomenon[2, 3]. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis have an associationwith malignancy. A large population-based study     

Long-term survival with stage IV poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BackgroundMetastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a poor outcome despite the use of various chemotherapy regimes.Case outlineA 57-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of generalised abdominal pain associated with weight loss. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large tumour in the head and body of pancreas, and needle biopsy confirmed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Laparoscopy revealed liver metastases in both lobes, again histologically shown to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Six cycles of cisplatin, epirubicin and infusional 5-fluorouracil were given. Five years later the patient remains completely well. Repeat CT scans show a complete radiological response.DiscussionPrevious studies using numerous chemotherapy regimes have not significantly altered the outcome of pancreatic cancer. To the best of our knowledge this is the longest surviving case of a patient with advanced metastatic adenocarcinoma (stage IV) of the pancreas treated with chemotherapy.     

Clinicopathological characteristics of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The clinicopathological significance of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (Por) of the colorectum remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of Por by comparison with well (Well) and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (Mod) of the colorectum and by subclassification of Por into three types according to the amount of fibrous stroma in tumor tissue. METHODOLOGY: Eleven patients with Por, 64 with Well and 254 with Mod were clinicopathologically compared. RESULTS: Por was located predominantly in the right side of the colon. The maximal size of the tumors in Por (72.3+/-25.0 mm) was significantly larger than in Well (42.2+/-26.8 mm) and Mod (52.2+/-22.8 mm) (p=0.0009, 0.0047). The frequency of lymph node metastasis in Por was significantly higher than in Well (p=0.0009). The five-year survival rate for patients with Por was 45.5%, for Well was 71.4% and for Mod was 59.5% (NS). The medullary type of Por had a good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Por proliferated and metastasized more rapidly than Well. The subclassification of Por according to the amount of fibrous stroma in tumor tissue could play an important role in the clinicopathological study of colorectal carcinoma.     

Mucin phenotype of gastric cancer and clinicopathology of gastric-type differentiated adenocarcinoma

Differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach is classified into gastric or intestinal phenotypes based on mucus expression. Recent advances in mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry have highlighted the importance of such a distinction, and it is important clinically to distinguish between gastricand intestinal-type differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, a clinical and pathological diagnosis of this type is often difficult in early gastric cancer because of histological similarities between a hyperp...     

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: clinical characteristics

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aims of this study were to assess the prognosis and histopathological factors of poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, and the clinical relevance of the proposed histopathological sub classifications. METHODOLOGY: Fifty eight patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this study. According to the lymphatic canal spread in tumor tissue, they were classified into lymphangitic type (tumor spread beyond the intra mucosal tumor space through the lymphatic canal widely) and non-lymphangitic type (tumor spread within that space). Next, they were sub classified into medullary, intermediate and scirrhous types according to the amount of fibrous stroma. In addition, immunohistological examinations were performed on the expression of an intercellular adhesion molecule (E-cadherin). RESULTS: In 33 cases (57%) Lymphangitic type was present and in 25 cases non-lymphangitic type (43%) was present. In the lymphangitic types, 5 cases were medullary type (15%), 17 cases were intermediate type (52%) and 11 cases were scirrhous type (33%) that included 2 cases of signet ring cell carcinoma. In the non-lymphangitic types, medullary type was dominant (20 cases, 80%) while intermediate type and scirrhous type were 3 cases (12%) and 2 cases (8%), respectively. The survival rates were calculated for both types and a large difference was found in terms of 5-year survival rate; 0% for lymphangitic type and 72% for non-lymphangitic type (p<0.05). There was no correlation found between the expression of cadherin and the subclassification. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a wide tumor infiltration and growth in lymphatic vessels appears to be an important prognostic factor for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma compared to the metastasis patterns.