118例细菌性肝脓肿临床特点分析

目的 探讨近年来细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点、病原学、诊断和治疗的变化.方法 回顾性分析1986年1月-2010年6月北京协和医院118例细菌性肝脓肿住院患者的临床资料.结果 118例平均年龄53.3岁,其中发热(97.5%)、寒战(91.5%)、右上腹痛(44.1%)是最常见的临床表现.糖尿病(41.5%)、胆系疾病(24...     

267例细菌性肝脓肿患者的临床表现及病原学分析

目的分析细菌性肝脓肿患者的临床表现、病原学分布及其耐药性。方法回顾性分析267例细菌性肝脓肿患者的临床表现、病原学分布和耐药性。结果267例细菌性肝脓肿患者的主要临床表现为发热(83.89%)、畏寒或寒战(59.18%)、右上腹痛(58.05%)。外周血液白细胞增多占58.80%,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高占60.04%,碱性磷酸酶升高占35.96%。所获116株细菌中肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别占31.03%、27.59%和8.62%。阿米卡星、头孢菌素类和泰能对革兰阴性菌敏感性较好,喹诺酮类和万古霉素对革兰阳性菌敏感性较好。结论肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为细菌性肝脓肿的优势菌,对当前常用抗生素敏感性较好。     

细菌性肝脓肿的病原检测及其诊治

目的分析260例细菌性肝脓肿的病原及其诊治。方法回顾性分析260例细菌性肝脓肿临床特点,病原学分布及诊断与治疗方法。结果肝脓肿的主要临床表现为寒战、发热,肝区疼痛。培养所获细菌96株,其中肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌分别占67.7%和11.5%。内科保守治疗89例,B超引导下肝脓肿穿刺抽脓或置管引流142例,肝脓肿切开引流11例,肝叶切除18例。除1例因合并晚期肿瘤死亡,其余病例均获得良好疗效。结论肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌已成为细菌性肝脓肿的优势菌。胆道疾病是细菌性肝脓肿的主要病因。糖尿病是细菌肝脓肿最重要的危险因素。B超引导下肝脓肿穿刺抽脓或置管引流是主要的治疗手段。     

40例细菌性肝脓肿的临床分析及治疗体会

目的对我院细菌性肝脓肿的人群分布、临床症状、细菌学诊断和治疗等方面做一分析。方法收集2006年7月-2009年2月于我科确诊为细菌性肝脓肿患者40例,并对这些病例的人群分布、临床表现、伴发基础疾病、实验室检查、细菌学及影像学特征、治疗等方面进行回顾性分析和总结。结果在40例细菌性肝脓肿患者中,发热、寒战、上腹痛是最常见的临床症状;其中大部分患者都合并有基础疾病,最多见的两个易患因素为胆道疾病（90%,36/40）和糖尿病（92.5%,37/40）。在实验室方面最多见的是低蛋白血症、白细胞计数升高及血沉升高。克雷伯杆菌是最常见的病原菌,其次为大肠杆菌和厌氧菌。结论细菌性肝脓肿好发于老年患者或者存在一种或者几种基础疾病的人群,因而细菌性肝脓肿的治疗应强调综合治疗,虽然抗生素是细菌性肝脓肿治疗的基础,但是积极改善患者的基础状况和经皮肝穿刺抽脓与置管引流同样很重要。     

老年人糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿的超声介入治疗

目的 评价超声引导下穿刺抽脓及置管引流治疗老年人糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿的临床应用价值。方法 对46例老年糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿的患者进行经超声引导下脓汁抽吸、置管引流治疗。结果 46例患者穿刺抽脓及置管引流全部成功，治愈率93．5％（43／46），所有患者均未出现穿刺并发症。随后30、60、180d经门诊随访未见复发。结论 超声引导下介入治疗老年人糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿安全、有效，可以明显缩短疗程，可作为首选的治疗方法。     

糖尿病合并肺炎克雷伯杆菌性肝脓肿的临床特点及误诊分析

目的提高对糖尿病合并肺炎克雷伯杆菌肝脓肿的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析16例糖尿病合并肺炎克雷伯杆菌性肝脓肿的临床资料。结果糖尿病合并肺炎克雷伯杆菌性肝脓肿占同期收治糖尿病性细菌性肝脓肿的57.1%。临床主症有畏寒、发热、乏力,腹痛、肝区叩击痛。脓肿多为单发、局限于右肝。首诊确诊率仅37.5%,首次B超误诊率37.5%。本组在有效抗生素及B超引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺抽脓/置管引流后均好转,无一例死亡。结论糖尿病并发肺炎克雷伯杆菌肝脓肿的临床表现不典型,易漏诊误诊。及时超声引导下行肝脓种穿刺引流,缩短疗程,预后佳。     

B超引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流术治疗细菌性肝脓肿42例

[目的]探讨B超引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流术治疗细菌性肝脓肿的临床意义。[方法]回顾性分析采用B超介导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿42例患者的临床资料,其中单发脓肿38例,2个以上多发脓肿4例。脓肿部位:肝右叶32例,左叶7例,左右肝叶3例。[结果]患者在置管后平均5 d体温恢复正常,引流量逐渐减少和消失,B超检查证实脓腔萎陷及无脓液。从置管到拔管时间为5～16 d,平均(9.6±2.3)d。42例患者经皮肝穿刺置管引流术治疗后痊愈41例,治愈率97.6%。[结论]B超引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流在细菌性肝脓肿治疗中具有疗效确切,创伤小,恢复快的忧点,是肝脓肿的首选治疗方法。     

阿米巴肝脓肿的诊断与治疗--附36例报告

目的分析阿米巴肝脓肿的临床特点、诊治及转归情况.方法采用回顾性方法对36例阿米巴肝脓肿患者的临床资料进行分析.结果患者的主要临床表现为上腹痛(86.1%)、发热(86.1%)、肝肿大伴触痛(83.3%)和右肋间压痛(58.3%).实验室检查可见外周血白细胞升高(61.1%)、血沉增快(88.5%)等.92.6%的患者血阿米巴抗体阳性.超声检查示75%为单个脓肿、75%为右叶肝脓肿.所有患者均者用甲硝唑治疗,其中27例患者还同时进行肝脓肿穿刺引流.经治疗后,痊愈10例,显效25例,总有效率97.2%.有1例患者死于肝功能衰竭.结论单用药物治疗对于小肝脓肿疗效好,如肝脓肿较大可同时行脓肿穿刺引流.     

老年糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿患者的护理探讨

目的探讨老年糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿患者的护理探讨。方法选取该院在2014年1—10月期间共收治的糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿患者12例,对其在B超引导下穿刺置管引流,同时进行精心护理。结果所有患者在治疗(控制血糖以及控制感染)当天体温均有所下降,同时病情较治疗有明显改善,患者体征均恢复正常,无不良反应症状。结论在临床治疗糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿中,要严格控制患者的血糖含量,而且要合理使用抗生素来控制感染,要适当穿刺抽脓且护理及时,以此提高糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿患者的治愈率。     

阿米巴肝脓肿102例治疗分析

对102例阿米巴肝脓肿患者临床资料作回顾性分析.主要临床表现为发热,肝肿大伴触疼,血沉增快,外周血白细胞增高,患者血阿米巴抗体阳性.B超检查单个脓肿90例(81%),多发脓肿12例(19%).甲硝唑治疗48例,替硝唑治疗54例,替硝唑治疗优于甲硝唑.肝脓肿穿刺抽脓61例,经腹部或肋间切开引流21例.治愈100例,死亡2例.认为抗阿米巴治疗对小的肝脓肿疗效好,充分而有效的穿刺引流是治疗大的肝脓肿的主要措施.     

Clinical and Microbiological Features of Liver Abscess after Transarterial Embolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objectives: To present the clinical and microbiological features of liver abscess after transarterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed records of 452 TAE procedures in 289 patients with HCC over a 2-yr period. Results : Four men and one woman with a mean age of 68.4 yr were diagnosed with liver abscess 1–8 wk (mean 4.6 wk) after the embolization. The incidence was 1.1% (5/452). Common symptoms included fever, chills, and right upper quadrant pain. Serum aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyltransferase levels and leukocyte count were frequently elevated. All the abscesses appeared as areas of hypodensity on CT scan and hypoechogenicity on ultrasonogram. The areas contained gas in the embolized tumor, which led to the suspicion and finally the diagnosis of abscess. In contrast to predominance of Gram-negative aerobes in sporadic pyogenic liver abscesses, the causative microorganism was predominantly Gram positive (60%). All patients were treated with parenteral antibiotics plus percutaneous aspiration, drainage, or operation, but one patient died from the abscess. Conclusions : For patients receiving TAE for HCC, few specific clinical or radiological features could readily differentiate patients complicated with liver abscess from those without. This may delay a timely diagnosis and lead to significant morbidity. Hence, in patients with risk factors, including old age, previous biliary tract disease, large tumor size (>5 cm), and gas forming in the embolized tumor, aspiration of the suspected focal hepatic lesion should be performed as soon as possible.     

A comparison of amebic and pyogenic abscess of the liver

We evaluated the clinical features of 96 cases of amebic liver abscess and 48 of pyogenic hepatic abscess. Most patients with amebic abscess were young Hispanic males. Those with pyogenic abscess were older, without any ethnic predominance. Symptoms tended to be acute and localized to the right upper quadrant in amebic infection. In pyogenic disease, symptoms were often nonspecific and chronic in nature. A marked shift to the left of the leukocyte count occurred more frequently in pyogenic abscess, as did markedly abnormal values of the serum albumin, direct bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Sonography detected all cases of amebic abscess and missed the lesions in 2 of 39 patients with pyogenic abscess. Abscess cultures yielded pathogens in 90% of cases of pyogenic disease, while blood cultures were positive in 50%. Five of 20 patients with positive blood cultures had additional organisms isolated from the abscess that would have required adjustment of antibiotics for optimal coverage. We believe that all pyogenic abscesses should be aspirated to guide antibiotic therapy. In amebic abscess, the diagnosis was usually based on clinical and sonographic findings, aspiration being performed in only 14% of cases. Ninety-eight percent of patients were treated with amebicidal agents alone, and all responded to therapy. Therapeutic needle aspiration is rarely necessary. In pyogenic abscess, prolonged fever was common during medical therapy. Even in those eventually cured without surgery, the median time to defervescence was 8 days. Though 19 patients underwent surgical drainage, only 2 clearly did not benefit from medical treatment, having high fevers after more than 2 weeks on a regimen of appropriate antibiotics. Surgery is often performed prematurely because physicians expect fever to resolve quickly, but persistent fever of less than 2 weeks' duration should not constitute an indication for surgical drainage. Seven patients with pyogenic abscess died, 5 as a result of hepatic abscess. In 3 of these cases, the diagnosis was unsuspected till autopsy. Improved awareness of this disease may decrease morbidity and mortality from this treatable condition.     

Ultrasonically guided percutaneous drainage of abdominal fluid collections: a long-term study of its therapeutic efficacy

Fifty patients underwent ultrasonically guided percutaneous drainage (US-GPD) either with needle aspiration or catheter drainage. The procedures resulted in 70% complete recovery, 20% partial success and 10% of failures. The same patients were followed with clinical examination and sonography for a mean time of 36.3 months (minimum follow-up: 12 months). During the follow up period, 10 relapses occurred and one patient, considered for surgery after partial percutaneous treatment of a pyogenic liver abscess, recovered completely under conservative treatment. An analysis of the factors potentially related to the recurrence was made. It was found that one-step needle aspiration of abdominal abscesses and percutaneous treatment of chronic pancreatic pseudocysts are more prone to relapses. We conclude that US-GPD is an efficacious therapy for abdominal fluid collections, but an adequate drainage technique and a careful selection of the patients is crucial to avoid the possibility of relapse.     

Simultaneous Klebsiella pneumoniae and amoebic liver abscess in an immunocompetent patient

Simultaneous Klebsiella pneumoniae and amoebic liver abscess is rarely reported in immunocompetent patients. A 47-year-old man was hospitalized with abdominal pain, fever, chills, and hypotension. Physical examination revealed right upper quadrant tenderness. Abdominal computed tomography showed an area of low attenuation with some liquefaction in the liver. Echo-guided aspiration revealed 30 mL of pus, which grew Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the same organism was isolated from the blood. Cytology examination of the pus showed scattered amoeba. The patient gradually improved over 1 month on treatment with cefmetazole and metronidazole, along with repeated drainage of the abscess. His amoebic indirect hemagglutination titer was 1:128, but no parasite ova or amoeba were found in the stool. He had no evidence of immunocompromise. Parasitic diseases may be a predisposing factor for bacterial infections, including pyogenic liver abscess. The possible coexistence of amoebae and bacteria in a liver abscess should not be discounted.     

Treatment of pyogenic liver abscess: prospective randomized comparison of catheter drainage and needle aspiration

This study aims to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of continuous catheter drainage versus intermittent needle aspiration in the percutaneous treatment of pyogenic liver abscesses. Over a 5-year period, 64 consecutive patients with pyogenic liver abscess were treated with intravenous antibiotics (ampicillin, cefuroxime, and metronidazole) and randomized into two percutaneous treatment groups: continuous catheter drainage (with an 8F multi-sidehole pigtail catheter); and intermittent needle aspiration (18G disposable trocar needle). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding patient demographics, underlying coexisting disease, abscess size, abscess number, number of loculation of abscess, the presenting clinical symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, and pretreatment liver function test. Although not statistically significant, the duration of intravenous antibiotics treatment before percutaneous treatment was longer with the catheter group, and the change of antibiotics after the sensitivity test was more frequent with the needle group. The needle group was associated with a higher treatment success rate, a shorter duration of hospital stay, and a lower mortality rate, although this did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, this study suggests that intermittent needle aspiration is probably as effective as continuous catheter drainage for the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess, although further proof with a large-scale study is necessary. Due to the additional advantages of procedure simplicity, patient comfort, and reduced price, needle aspiration deserves to be considered as a first-line drainage approach.     

Features distinguishing amoebic from pyogenic liver abscess: a review of 577 adult cases

Distinguishing amoebic from pyogenic liver abscesses is crucial because their treatments and prognoses differ. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 577 adults with liver abscess in order to identify clinical, laboratory, and radiographic factors useful in differentiating these microbial aetiologies. Presumptive diagnoses of amoebic (n = 471; 82%) vs. pyogenic (n = 106; 18%) abscess were based upon amoebic serology, microbiological culture results, and response to therapy. Patients with amoebic abscess were more likely to be young males with a tender, solitary, right lobe abscess (P = 0.012). Univariate analysis found patients with pyogenic abscess more likely to be over 50 years old, with a history of diabetes and jaundice, with pulmonary findings, multiple abscesses, amoebic serology titres <1:256 IU, and lower levels of serum albumin (P < 0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that age >50 years, pulmonary findings on examination, multiple abscesses, and amebic serology titres <1:256 IU were predictive of pyogenic infection. Several clinical and laboratory parameters can aid in the differentiation of amebic and pyogenic liver abscess. In our setting, amebic abscess is more prevalent and, in most circumstances, can be identified and managed without percutaneous aspiration.     

Pyogenic liver abscess in the elderly

Seventeen patients over the age of 60 years, admitted to the Aberdeen Teaching Hospitals between 1980 and mid-1988, were diagnosed as having pyogenic liver abscess. Eleven were women and the mean age was 73.5 years. The diagnosis of liver abscess was made by needle aspiration in seven patients and was an unexpected finding at laparotomy in three. Six patients were thought to be suffering from advanced malignant disease until autopsy. The overall fatality was 53%. Misleading results from special investigations reduced the chance of a correct diagnosis in several patients. Even in frail elderly patients, a filling defect in the liver should not be attributed to metastatic malignancy when there is no known primary site, until liver abscess has been excluded by aspiration biopsy under ultrasound or computerized tomographic scan guidance. The high fatality of pyogenic liver abscess seems to be at least in part due to a lack of clinical suspicion.     

超声引导经皮针吸治疗肝脓肿

报告超声引导经皮针吸治疗化脓性肝脓肿的经验，评估其安全性、有效性及其在肝脓肿治疗中的作用。回顾性分析21例患者，男女比例为2：1，平均年龄56．4岁，其中11例患Ⅱ型糖尿病。单一脓腔15例，多发脓腔6例，总共治疗脓肿30个，均由超声引导16GA套管针抽吸完成。21例患者经1—3次抽吸均成功治愈，治愈率100％，无并发症发生。抽吸后1—3天临床症状消失。研究证实，超声引导套管针抽吸配以全身抗感染治疗化脓性肝脓肿是安全、快捷、非常有效的，特别是对高龄且有严重并发症者，更是首选最佳疗法。     

Predictive factors for early aspiration in liver abscess

AIM： To determine the predictive factors for early aspiration in liver abscess. METHODS： A retrospective analysis of all patients with liver abscess from 1995 to 2004 was performed. Abscess was diagnosed as amebic in 661 （68%） patients, pyogenic in 200 （21%）, indeterminate in 73 （8%） and mixed in 32 （3%）. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictive factors for aspiration of liver abscess. RESULTS： A total of 966 patients, 738 （76%） male, mean age 43 ± 17 years, were evaluated： 540 patients responded to medical therapy while adjunctive percutaneous aspiration was performed in 426 patients. Predictive factors for aspiration of liver abscess were： age≥ 55 years, size of abscess ≥5 cm, involvement of both lobes of the liver and duration of symptoms ≥ 7 d. Hospital stay in the aspiration group was relatively longer than in the non aspiration group. Twelve patients died in the aspiration group and this mortality was not statistically significant when compared to the non aspiration group. CONCLUSION： Patients with advanced age, abscess size 〉 5 cm, both lobes of the liver involvement and duration of symptoms 〉 7 d were likely to undergo aspiration of the liver abscess, regardless of etiology.