Livin及Caspase-3在眼附属器淋巴组织增生病变中的表达

目的：探讨眼附属器淋巴组织增生性病变组织中Livin和Caspase-3的表达情况及临床意义。

方法：收集1995-06/2015-06青岛大学附属医院眼科病理室石蜡包埋标本,采用免疫组化法检测40例眼部B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL)、10例反应性淋巴组织增生组织中Livin和Caspase-3的表达情况,以患者的年龄、性别、发病部位、病理类型分级作为眼附属器淋巴瘤的分类标准。

结果：Livin及Caspase-3的表达与年龄、性别及发病部位无关,而与病理分级有关,Livin在淋巴瘤中的表达率显著高于反应性淋巴组织增生组织(P<0.05),且随着病理分级恶性程度的增加其表达逐渐上升(P<0.05); Caspase-3在淋巴瘤中的表达率则显著低于反应性淋巴组织增生(P<0.05),且随病理分级的增加其表达逐渐降低(P<0.05)。在NHL中,Livin和Caspase-3两者的表达呈负相关(r=-0.491,χ²=7.519,P<0.05)。

结论：过量的Livin表达及Caspase-3的低表达可能与眼部淋巴瘤的发生有关,且在NHL中两者表现为负相关,联合检测两种蛋白对眼部B细胞淋巴瘤的临床表现及病理分型有重要意义。     

眼眶淋巴瘤的分类及临床病理分析

目的 初步探讨根据WHO淋巴造血系统肿瘤新分类标准对眼眶淋巴瘤进行分型及分析不同类型眼眶淋巴瘤的临床病理特点.方法 收集2002年1月至2006年6月经手术和组织病理学检查确诊的78例眼眶淋巴瘤患者的临床和病理资料,根据WHO淋巴造血系统肿瘤新分类标准进行分类,进一步分析其临床病理特点,治疗方案及预后.结果 78例眼眶淋巴瘤均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL),其中77例为B细胞来源(98.7%),包括黏膜相关淋巴组织边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(MALT淋巴瘤)71例(91.0%),髓外浆细胞瘤3例(3.8%),滤泡性淋巴瘤1例(1.3%),弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤1例(1.3%),前驱B淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤1例(1.3%);1例为T细胞来源,为非特殊性周围T细胞性淋巴瘤(1.3%).MALT淋巴瘤经局部放疗后肿瘤明显消退,孤立性髓外浆细胞瘤经局部放疗后病情稳定,滤泡性淋巴瘤和弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤行全身化疗和局部放疗后病情得到控制.前驱B淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤和非特殊性周围T细胞性淋巴瘤恶性程度较高,患者均于短期内死亡.结论 眼眶淋巴瘤因其类型不同而恶性程度和临床表现不同,治疗和预后也各异,故根据WHO淋巴造血系统肿瘤新分类标准对眼眶淋巴瘤进行分类具有重要意义.     

强直性脊柱炎伴发葡萄膜炎18例临床分析

目的：探讨强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)伴发葡萄膜炎的临床特征、诊断、治疗及预后。

方法：对2006-06/2012-06在我院就诊的18例18眼葡萄膜炎患者的临床表现、实验室检查以及临床诊疗情况进行系统回顾分析。

结果：AS伴发葡萄膜炎患者18例,男16例,女2例。AS发病年龄为33±11岁; 葡萄膜炎发病年龄29±13岁。其中13例患者先确诊为AS后就诊于眼科,5例患者以葡萄膜炎首诊于眼科后确诊为AS。18例患者葡萄膜炎持续时间为15～46(平均27±7)d,其中13例有明确葡萄膜炎复发病史。所有患者X线影像学检查均显示骶髂关节炎,其中13例(72%)HLA-B27检查阳性,12例(66.6%)血沉升高,7例(38.8%)C反应蛋白>10mg/L。经过糖皮质激素和睫状肌麻痹剂滴眼液治疗后18例患者前部葡萄膜炎均治愈。

结论：AS伴发葡萄膜炎多累及中青年男性,多单眼发病,易复发; 根据典型的临床特征及影像学检查结果可明确诊断; 及时有效的治疗均能取得良好效果。     

眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤的治疗及转化为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的危险因素

目的 通过对眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤的不同治疗方式及影响其转化为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）危险因素的研究,以期能选择合适的手术方式,降低术后并发症的发生,提高生存率。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 1997年1月至2010年6月上海第二军医大学附属长征医院眼科收治的79例病理确诊为IE期眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤患者。方法 回顾上述患者的临床表现、治疗方式（包括手术和放射治疗）及预后情况。手术方式包括全部切除和部分切除。预后情况主要观察患者的生存率、有无转化为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤等。主要指标 临床表现、手术治疗、放射治疗、生存率、有无转化为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤等。结果 所有病例均行手术治疗,其中全部切除58例,局部切除21例。所有患者均在手术后2~4周行眼局部放射治疗。5年总生存率86.0%,共有6例转化为DLBCL。放射治疗对眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤有较好的局部控制。患者双眼发病（P=0.0221）和对放射治疗的初始反应（P=0.0033）与肿瘤转化为DLBCL有相关性;而性别、年龄、发病部位、肿瘤大小及手术方式等因素对转化均无影响。结论 双眼发病和对放疗的初始反应与MALT淋巴瘤转化为DLBCL相关,而手术方式对转化无影响;根据不损伤眼部重要结构的原则来选择合适的手术方式,可降低术后并发症的发生。（眼科, 2012, 21: 352-356）     

不同分型间歇性外斜视患者眼位控制能力的对比研究

目的：研究不同分型间歇性外斜视患者手术后眼位控制能力。

方法：临床纳入我院2013-09/2015-04期间收治的146例间歇性外斜视患者作为研究对象,根据间歇性外斜视患者的不同分型分为三组。分开过强型患者54例作为分开过强组; 基本型患者48例作为基本组; 集合不足型患者44例为集合不足组。分析三组患者视功能情况以及术后眼位矫正情况。

结果：术前三组患者视功能无差异,术后三组患者视功能均有所好转并仍无统计学差异(P>0.05)。分开过强组、基本组以及集合不足组正位率分别为83.3%、81.2%以及54.6%。分开过强组与基本组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05); 分开过强组、基本组与集合不足组均有显著统计学差异(P<0.05)。

结论：间歇性外斜视根据分型不同手术类型不同,其中以分开过强型和基本型预后较好,集合不足型预后较差。但由于三种类型的斜视对应手术方式不同,如何进一步排除手术因素的影响是今后研究的重点内容。     

110例眼部恶性黑色素瘤的临床病理分析

背景 眼部黑色素瘤是一种恶性肿瘤,预后较差.了解眼部黑色素瘤的发生发展规律对于其早期诊断和治疗有重要意义. 目的 了解眼部恶性黑色素瘤的发生部位、病理分型及其与预后的关系.方法 收集自1980年1月至2007年12月在华西医院眼科就诊,并经常规组织病理学检查、免疫组织化学检测和组织超微结构观察证实为眼部恶性黑色素瘤的110例标本及其患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对眼部黑色素瘤的组织发生、病理组织成分进行分类,并分析不同类型黑色素瘤与扩散率及预后的关系.结果 眼部黑色素瘤的发病部位依次为:葡萄膜66例(60.00％)、眼表组织27例(24.55％)、眼眶继发性肿瘤8例(7.27％)、眼睑皮肤7例(6.36％)、泪囊2例(1.82％).按照肿瘤的组织病理学结果可分为梭A细胞型31例(28.18％)、梭B细胞型31例(28.18％)、混合细胞型25例(22.73％)、上皮细胞型17例(15.46％)和其他型6例(5.45％).上述5种病理分型的110例肿瘤患者的扩散或复发率从高到低依次为其他型、上皮细胞型、混合细胞型、梭B细胞型、梭A细胞型,各型总体扩散或复发率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=14.463,P=0.006).眼部黑色素瘤的临床表现与其发生的部位有关,但多无特异性. 结论 眼部恶性黑色素瘤的好发部位绝大多数为葡萄膜和眼表组织,组织病理学分类中以梭形细胞型最常见,分类为其他型的黑色素瘤扩散率较高.恶性黑色素瘤的临床表现无特异性,应引起临床医师的重视.     

Skp2,p27在眼附属器黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达和意义

目的：探讨眼附属器黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of ocular adnexal,MALT lymphoma of ocular adnexal)中Skp2和p27的表达及联系。

方法：收集1995～2011年青岛大学附属医院眼科切除的眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤患者及眼部反应性淋巴组织增生患者的石蜡包埋标本,用免疫组化法分别检测两组标本中Skp2和p27的表达。

结果：眼附属器 MALT淋巴瘤中Skp2 表达率与眼部反应性淋巴组织增生相比显著增高(P<0.05)。p27表达率与反应性淋巴组织增生相比显著降低(P<0.05)。Skp2和p27的表达与患者Ann Arbor病理分级无关。在眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤中Skp2与p27成负相关(r=-0.129,χ²=15.39,P<0.05)。

结论：综合分析眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤中P27及SKP2的表达对本病的预后有一定意义。两者的表达彼此相关。     

SLC52A2基因表达与葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者预后的关联

目的：基于癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库分析SLC52A2与葡萄膜黑色素瘤(UM)的相关性,初步探讨SLC52A2对UM患者预后的影响及可能的机制。

方法：通过TCGA数据库下载收集80例UM患者的临床信息资料和SLC52A2的mRNA表达数据,根据SLC52A2表达量采用中位数法将80例患者分为SLC52A2高、低表达组,分析SLC52A2的表达水平与患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。对患者的年龄、性别、临床分期、病理分期、SLC52A2的mRNA表达进行Cox单因素和多因素分析,寻找UM预后因子。GSEA富集分析预测SLC52A2在UM中可能的调控通路。

结果：SLC52A2低表达患者生存预后优于SLC52A2高表达患者(P<0.05)。SLC52A2高、低表达组患者的年龄、性别、临床分期、病理分期均无差异(P>0.05)。Cox多因素分析表明,SLC52A2高表达是UM患者预后的危险因素。结合SLC52A2表达和临床病理学特征开发的列线图预测模型,可较为准确地预测UM患者的生存概率。SLC52A2高、低表达组Th2细胞、Treg细胞的浸润丰度分别比较有差异(均P<0.001)。GSEA分析表明,SLC52A2高表达的组织中存在JAK-STAT信号通路(FDR=0.028,P=0.004)和PI3K/AKT信号通路(FDR=0.017,P=0.002)相关基因富集。

结论：SLC52A2高表达是UM患者预后的危险因素。SLC52A2可作为UM预后相关的生物标志物,有望成为UM治疗的新靶点。     

玻璃体积血的超声诊断及临床疗效观察

目的：探讨玻璃体积血的声像图特征,以助于临床诊断治疗。

方法：回顾性分析62例各种原因导致玻璃体积血患者的临床资料。

结果：因外伤引起玻璃体积血者11例,占18%(11/62); 由于高度近视、高血压病、糖尿病等原因引起视网膜病变导致玻璃体积血者51例,占82%(51/62)。

结论：超声诊断玻璃体积血,图像比较清晰,对临床治疗的选择及预后监测起到了辅助作用,同时可以随访观察玻璃体积血治疗前后变化情况,对临床有一定的实用价值。     

眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨黏膜相关组织淋巴瘤(MALT)在眼附属器包括眼睑、眼眶、泪腺等部位的特殊临床特征与治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析32例眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤患者的临床表现、B超、CT、MRI检查结果,病理组织学和免疫组织化学结果以及综合治疗疗效与预后情况.结果 32例眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤患者中男22例,女10例;年龄23.0～74.0岁,平均年龄64.1岁.18例发生于结膜,占56.3%(18/32);9例发生于眼眶,占28.1%(9/32);5例发生于泪腺,占15.6%(5/32).B超检查肿块多表现为内回声不均匀(84.4%,27/32)或内回声高(28.1%,9/32);CT检查多表现为中等密度(43.8±10.7)HU,密度均匀(84.6%,22/26);MRI检查T1WI及T2WI多呈等信号,信号均匀.影像学检查后均行手术治疗联合放疗.随访1～12年,复发率为12.5%(4/32).结论 影像学检查可辅助诊断眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤,术后病理活体检查及免疫组织化学分型检查可确诊本病,眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤若早期诊断和治疗(手术治疗联合术后放疗)则预后较好.     

Prognostic value of cell-cycle markers in ocular adnexal lymphoma: an assessment of 230 cases

Background To determine the prognostic value of cell-cycle associated markers in ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL).Methods Two hundred sixty-one consecutive cases of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions were subdivided into reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH), atypical lymphoid hyperplasia (ALH) and OAL. The latter were sub-typed according to the new WHO Lymphoma Classification. All lesions were investigated applying standard immunohistochemical methods with antibodies specific for pRB, p53, p16, p21, BCL-6 and for multiple myeloma oncogene-1-protein (MUM1, also known as IRF4). The main endpoints included the development of a local recurrence, of systemic disease and of lymphoma-related death. The association of prognostic variables with endpoints was assessed by multiple logistic and Cox regression models, respectively.Results The ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions were categorised as OAL (n=230; 88%), RLH (n=29; 11%), and ALH (n=2; 1%). The major lymphoma subtypes included 136 extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL), 31 diffuse large cell B-cell lymphomas, 27 follicular lymphomas, 9 plasmacytomas, 9 lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma/immunocytomas and 8 mantle cell lymphomas. The median follow-up time was 44.5 months. Most OAL patients had Stage IE disease and were treated with radiotherapy. Thirty-seven (25%) Stage IE patients had tumour relapses: these were significantly associated with an increased BCL6 blast percentage. Sixty-two (42%) Stage IE patients developed systemic disease: they had non-EMZL with large growth fractions and increased blast percentages for BCL6. Fifty-seven (25%) OAL patients died because of their lymphoma; lymphoma-related death was significantly associated on multivariable analysis with advanced clinical stage, an age >60 years and large tumour growth fractions.Conclusion Subtyping of OAL according to the new WHO Lymphoma Classification, the stage of disease and tumour cell growth fraction aided the prediction of (1) tumour relapse, (2) the development of systemic disease and (3) lymphoma-related death in OAL.     

The clinical findings and prognosis of 28 cases of intraocular lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis of intraocular lymphoma has improved due to the recent progress in diagnosis, the survival prognosis of this disease remains unclear. SUBJECTS AND RESULTS: We reviewed the records of 28 patients (male/female ratio, 6/22) with intraocular lymphoma diagnosed and treated at Tokyo Medical University Hospital during the past 20 years. The mean age at presentation was 63.3 years. The mean follow-up period was 33.5 +/- 28.5 months (mean +/- SD). The most frequent presenting symptom was visual loss or blurred vision. On ophthalmological examination, the most common sign was vitreous opacity. Ocular disease concurrent with central nervous system (CNS) involvement was observed in 46.4%, while localized ocular disease was found in 25.0% of the patients. Intraocular lymphoma occurred as the primary lymphoma in 78.6%, and as ocular relapse of the primary CNS lymphoma in 14.3% of the cases. The 5-year survival rate was 63.1% and most of the deaths were in patients with CNS involvement. CONCLUSION: Although the number of cases was limited, we were able to clarify the clinical manifestations and prognosis for Japanese patients with intraocular lymphoma.     

原发性眼部淋巴瘤研究进展

原发性眼部淋巴瘤根据累及部位分为原发性眼内淋巴瘤（PIOL）和眼附属器淋巴瘤（POAL）。原发性玻璃体视网膜淋巴瘤（PVRL）是PIOL最常见的形式，是一种侵袭性B细胞恶性肿瘤，被认为是原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的一种亚型。因其眼部症状的非特异性而经常导致误诊。恶性细胞的细胞病理学/组织病理学鉴定是诊断PVRL的金标准。其他辅助检查，如光学相干断层扫描和眼底自发荧光已被应用于PVRL的诊断。细胞因子测量和B细胞克隆性以及突变分子的测定进一步提高了诊断的准确性。目前PVRL的治疗包括局部放疗，玻璃体内化疗（甲氨蝶呤和利妥昔单抗），根据是否累及非眼部组织进行全身化疗。眼眶淋巴瘤是POAL的主要形式，绝大多数起源于B细胞。 组织病理学亚型和疾病的临床分期是预测预后及选择治疗的最佳指标。在治疗孤立性低级别淋巴瘤时，放射治疗是首选治疗方法。对于播散性和高度恶性淋巴瘤，应选择化疗或放疗联合化疗。     

Ocular adnexal lymphomas: five case presentations and a review of the literature

The ocular adnexal lymphomas represent the malignant end of the spectrum of lymphoproliferative lesions that occur in these locations. The Revised European and American Lymphoma (REAL) Classification and the new World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Hemopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues are the most suitable for subdividing the ocular adnexal lymphomas, whereby the extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma represents the most common lymphoma subtype. This review is based on five cases subtyped according to the above classifications-three "typical" lymphomas (an extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, a diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma arising from an extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, and a follicular lymphoma) and two "atypical" lymphomas (a non-endemic Burkitt lymphoma in an immune competent elderly patient, and a primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the eyelid) of the ocular adnexa. Management of patients with ocular adnexal lymphomas includes a thorough systemic medical examination to establish the clinical stage of the disease. The majority of patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma have stage IE disease. Current recommended therapy in stage IE tumors is radiotherapy, while disseminated disease is treated with chemotherapy. Despite usually demonstrating an indolent course, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas are renowned for recurrence in extranodal sites, including other ocular adnexal sites. Long-term follow-up with 6-month examinations are therefore recommended. Major prognostic criteria for the ocular adnexal lymphomas include anatomic location of the tumor; stage of disease at first presentation; lymphoma subtype as determined using the REAL classification; immunohistochemical markers determining factors such as tumor growth rate; and the serum lactate dehydrogenase level.     

Lymphoproliferative lesions of the ocular adnexa. Differential diagnostic guidelines

The ocular adnexal lymphomas represent the malignant end of the spectrum of lymphoproliferative lesions which occur in the conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal gland and orbit. The new "W.H.O. Classification of Tumours of Haemopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues" is the most suitable for subdividing the ocular adnexal lymphomas, whereby the extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) represents the most common lymphoma subtype. Management of patients with ocular adnexal lymphomas includes a systemic medical examination to establish the clinical stage of the disease. Most patients have stage IE disease and current recommended therapy for this is radiotherapy, while disseminated disease is treated with chemotherapy. Despite usually demonstrating an indolent course, EMZLs are renowned for recurrence in extranodal sites, including other ocular adnexal sites. Furthermore, Blastic transformation of EMZL with a corresponding aggressive clinical course has been described. Long-term follow-up with half-yearly examinations are therefore recommended. Major prognostic criteria for the ocular adnexal lymphomas include the age of the patient, anatomical location of the tumour, stage of the disease at first presentation, serum lactate dehydrogenase level at the time of diagnosis, lymphoma subtype as determined using W.H.O. lymphoma classification and the tumour cell growth rate. The clinical symptoms and histopathological findings of the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative lesions of the ocular adnexa are discussed.     

Lymphoproliferative Läsionen der okulären Adnexe

The ocular adnexal lymphomas represent the malignant end of the spectrum of lymphoproliferative lesions which occur in the conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal gland and orbit. The new “W.H.O. Classification of Tumours of Haemopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues” is the most suitable for subdividing the ocular adnexal lymphomas, whereby the extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) represents the most common lymphoma subtype. Management of patients with ocular adnexal lymphomas includes a systemic medical examination to establish the clinical stage of the disease. Most patients have stage IE disease and current recommended therapy for this is radiotherapy, while disseminated disease is treated with chemotherapy. Despite usually demonstrating an indolent course, EMZLs are renowned for recurrence in extranodal sites, including other ocular adnexal sites. Furthermore, blastic transformation of EMZL with a corresponding aggressive clinical course has been described. Long-term follow-up with half-yearly examinations are therefore recommended. Major prognostic criteria for the ocular adnexal lymphomas include the age of the patient, anatomical location of the tumour, stage of disease at first presentation, serum lactate dehydrogenase level at the time of diagnosis, lymphoma subtype as determined using the W.H.O. lymphoma classification and the tumour cell growth rate. The clinical symptoms and the histopathological findings of the differential diagnoses of lymphoproliferative lesions of the ocular adnexa are discussed.     

Orbital lymphoma

Orbital lymphomas constitute 50–60% of ocular adnexal lymphomas. A total of 2211 cases of orbital lymphoma with a known subtype have been reported in the last 24 years (1994–2017). The vast majority of orbital lymphomas are of B-cell origin (97%), of which extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) (59%) is the most common subtype, followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (23%), follicular lymphoma (9%), and mantle cell lymphoma (5%). Orbital lymphoma is primarily a disease of the elderly. Gender distribution varies according to lymphoma subtype. However, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (53%) and follicular lymphoma (75%) show a female predominance, whereas diffuse large B-cell lymphoma shows an even gender distribution. Mantle cell lymphoma has a striking male predominance of 80%. The histopathological subtype and the clinical stage of the disease are the best indicators of prognosis and patient outcome. Low-grade lymphomas such as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and FL have a good prognosis, whereas high-grade lymphomas (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma) are associated with a poor prognosis. When managing solitary low-grade lymphomas, radiotherapy is the treatment of choice. Chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, should be chosen for disseminated and high-grade lymphomas.     

Extraocular Muscle Involvement in Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphomas of the Orbit

Introduction: Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma is the most frequent ocular adnexal lymphoma. It may involve the conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, eyelid, extraocular muscle, and orbital connective tissue. Extraocular muscle infiltration is rare. Methods: We report here a series of 5 patients presenting with extraocular muscle infiltration due to marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, extracted from a retrospective study of 39 patients with primitive ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma presenting within a 15-year period, from 1993 to 2007, at two university hospitals. Results: Out of 39 patients, two females and three males presented with extraocular muscle involvement (one levator muscle, one medial rectus muscle, one lateral rectus muscle, one inferior rectus muscle, and one inferior oblique muscle). In 4 cases, the right eye was involved. The median age of presentation was 60 years. Proptosis and diplopia were the main clinical signs. A mean duration of symptoms was 12 months before diagnosis was given. Three patients were stage IE at the diagnosis, according to Ann Arbor classification, and one was at stage IV. Three patients received radiotherapy and two received chemotherapy. Three patients underwent local relapses at a median time of 40 months. The patients with relapses were treated with chemotherapy alone in one case, radiotherapy alone in one case, and immunotherapy and chemotherapy in one case. The mean follow-up period was 54 months. Discussion: When compared to other locations of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the orbit, extraocular involvement occurred in younger patients and had similar prognosis. Conclusion: Extraocular muscle involvement is a rare location of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma that had to be known and can simulate thyroid orbitopathy.     

学龄前儿童眼球外伤的临床分析

目的:探讨和分析学龄前儿童眼球外伤的常见致伤原因、发病特点、诊断方法及治疗原则,为更好地开展临床防治工作提供理论依据。方法:对2011-01/2013-01我院收治入院的37例学龄前儿童眼球外伤患者的性别、年龄、致伤原因、外伤种类、视力情况、诊断及治疗原则等进行回顾性总结分析,探索该类疾病的临床防治途径。结果:学龄前儿童眼球外伤发病突然、病情重、男孩多于女孩、致伤性质以锐器伤多见,是儿童致残致盲的重要原因之一。结论:学龄前儿童眼球外伤病情多急重、并发症多、预后不良,及时发现及正确的诊治、把握手术适应证可以减少眼球外伤对视功能的损害,降低致盲率。