Protective effect of the anterior lens capsule during extracapsular cataract extraction. Part I. Experimental animal study

In an experimental study using albino Rex rabbits, the intercapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) technique was performed in 20 eyes with a small anterior capsulotomy. A large, can opener capsulotomy was performed in another 20 eyes, and 10 unoperated eyes served as controls. Endothelial cell loss was determined by vital staining with Trypan blue and Alizarin red S stains. Average endothelial cell loss with the ICCE technique was 1.2%; with the can opener technique, the average cell loss was 6.6%. This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The percentage of endothelial cell loss in the control eyes was 0.5. A positive correlation between endothelial cell loss related to phacoemulsification time and/or the amount of irrigating fluid used existed for the can opener group only (P less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that the presence of an almost intact anterior lens capsule during removal of lens substance is protective to the corneal endothelium.     

Postoperative anterior chamber inflammation after posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation concurrent with pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy]

The authors compared postoperative anterior chamber inflammation of triple procedure; diabetic pars plana vitrectomy, lensectomy with anterior capsule left intact and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation anterior to anterior capsule, to those of various cataract surgeries with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and vitrectomies in diabetic retinopathy eyes. The inflammation was evaluated in terms of the incidence of inflammatory complications (fibrin reaction and posterior synechia of iris), and by periodical measurement of flare counts for postoperative 6 months using a laser flare-cell meter. The inflammation was more intense than those after the following 3 surgeries; phacoemulsification and in the bag intraocular lens implantation after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, extracapsular extraction and in the bag intraocular lens implantation after can opener capsulotomy, and vitrectomy alone. The inflammation, however, was less intense compared with that of another method of triple procedure; pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and in the bag intraocular lens implantation after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis or can opener capsulotomy, and development of posterior synechia was rarely observed.     

Prospective evaluation of phacoemulsification in adults younger than 50 years

PURPOSE: To evaluate intraoperative performance and long-term outcome of phacoemulsification in patients younger than 50 years. SETTING: Iladevi cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted comprising 54 patients (35 men and 19 women) under age 50 who had phacoemulsification. Preoperative evaluation included specular microscopy. Phacoemulsification with implantation of an AcrySof MA30BA intraocular lens (IOL) was performed. Intraoperatively, peripheral extension of capsulorhexis, intraoperative posterior capsule opacification (PCO; plaque), and serious complications (eg, posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss) were noted. Postoperatively, endothelial cell loss, postoperative PCO, neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy rate, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed for 3 years. Patients with intraoperative PCO were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 42.7 years +/- 5.2 SD (men) and 43.1 +/- 3.25 years (women). Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis was achieved in 49 patients (90.7%). Intraoperative PCO was present in 14 (25.92%) patients. An Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed in 4 patients (28.5%). Posterior capsule rupture leading to vitreous loss occurred in 1 patient (1.85%). At 3-year follow-up, endothelial cell loss was 5.9%. Postoperative PCO developed in 8 patients (22.2%), and Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed in 5 patients (13.8%). The BCVA was > or = 20/40 in 47 patients (94%). CONCLUSION: Young patients pose a challenge in creating a capsulorhexis and display significant incidence of intraoperative and postoperative PCO.     

Intercapsular cataract surgery with lens epithelial cell removal. Part III: Long-term follow-up of posterior capsular opacification

In 144 eyes in 144 patients with senile cataract the rate of posterior capsular opacification requiring YAG capsulotomy up to 36 months following intercapsular cataract surgery with lens epithelial cell removal using ultrasound and aspiration was evaluated and compared to the rate for 471 senile cataractous eyes in patients who had had posterior chamber lens implantation following phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction without lens epithelial cell removal. Posterior capsular opacification occurred in 3.7% of patients who had lens epithelial cell removal, significantly less (P less than .01) than the 10.8% found in the control group. Lens epithelial cell removal is considered an effective method of preventing capsular opacification.     

儿童超声乳化白内障吸除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨儿童超声乳白内障吸除联合丙烯酸酯（Acrysof)折叠式人工晶状体（intraocular lenses,IOL)植入术的手术疗效。方法 对行超声乳化白内障吸除联合Acysof折叠式OL植入术的超声乳化组患儿61例（76只眼）及行现代囊外白内障摘除联合聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)硬性IOL植入术的囊外摘除组患儿59例（77只眼）,术后随访6－18个月,观察、比较术后视力、并发症和Q－开关掺钕钇铝石榴石（Q－switched neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet,Nd:YAG)激光后囊膜切开手术率的情况。结果 超声乳化组和囊外摘除组脱盲率分别为100％、90．6％;脱残率分别为72．6％、51．5％;后囊膜混浊发生率依次为6．6％、80．5％,Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开手术率依次为2．6％、64．9％。两组比较,脱盲率差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;脱残率差异有显著性（P＜0．05）;术后各种并发症的发生率和Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开手术率差异有非常显著性（P＜0．01）。结论 超声乳化白内障吸除联合Acrysof折叠IOL植入术,以手术切口小、组织损伤轻、负压吸引可最大限度清除残存晶状体上皮细胞等特点及IOL材料优良的组织相容性,使手术疗效显著,术后并发症减少;Acrysof折叠式IOL在治疗儿童白内障手术中的远期效果尚待进一步研究。     

白内障患者术后角膜内皮细胞计数减少的多因素分析

目的：探讨白内障患者超声乳化术后影响角膜内皮细胞数目减少的相关因素。

方法：选取我院眼科采用超声乳化术治疗的98例120眼进行回顾性分析,收集时间2014-07/2016-07; 根据患者术后2mo复查角膜中央内皮细胞密度与术前进行比较分为严重丢失组52例67眼(角膜中央内皮细胞丢失率≥12.3%),一般丢失组46例53眼(角膜中央内皮细胞丢失率<12.3%),对比两组患者的一般资料、手术相关指标,采用非条件Logistic回归分析法探讨影响白内障患者术后角膜内皮细胞丢失的影响因素。

结果：严重丢失组和一般丢失组的性别、合并高血压、合并糖尿病、合并高血脂、浅前房、角膜直径增大、注吸时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05); 两组比较的Emery晶状体核硬度分级、超声能量、超声乳化时间、年龄构成差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 采用非条件Logistic分析法,结果显示Emery晶状体核硬度分级增高、超声能量增加、超声乳化时间较长、年龄增大是超声乳化术治疗后角膜内皮细胞数目严重减少的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：白内障患者超声乳化术后影响角膜内皮细胞数目减少的主要因素为Emery晶状体核硬度分级增高、超声能量增加、超声乳化时间较长、年龄增大。     

Phacoemulsification versus extracapsular cataract extraction in patients with diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To compare phacoemulsification with extracapsular cataract surgery in patients with diabetes and to identify determinants of postoperative visual acuity. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, paired-eye trial. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six patients with diabetes and bilateral cataract. INTERVENTION: Patients were allocated to phacoemulsification surgery with silicone intraocular lens to one randomly determined eye, and extracapsular cataract surgery with 7-mm polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens to the other. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (logMAR VA), incidence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME), retinopathy progression, indices of anterior segment inflammation, and incidence of capsulotomy. RESULTS: Compared with eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, eyes managed with extracapsular surgery had more anterior chamber cells (P = 0.0004) and flare (P = 0.007) 1 week after surgery and a higher incidence of posterior synechiae (P = 0.04) and intraocular lens deposits (P < 0.0005) in the first postoperative year. The need for posterior capsulotomy was greater in eyes undergoing extracapsular surgery (16 of 46 vs. 5 of 46, P = 0.01). No difference in incidence of postoperative CSME, progression of retinopathy, or development of high-risk proliferative retinopathy was identified between techniques (P = 1.0, 0.8, and 0.2). Median 1-year logMAR VA was worse in eyes undergoing extracapsular surgery (0.08 vs. 0.06, P = 0.02), especially in those with retinopathy (0.14 vs. 0.08, respectively; P = 0.01). The presence or absence of CSME at the time of surgery was the most significant determinant of 1-year logMAR VA in regression models for both extracapsular (P = 0.0004, R2 = 0.45) and phacoemulsification groups (P < 0.00005, R2 = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification is associated with better postoperative VA, less postoperative inflammation, and less need for capsulotomy than extracapsular cataract surgery in patients with diabetes. However, with both techniques, the principal determinant of postoperative VA appears to be the presence or absence of CSME at the time of surgery. Early intervention, reducing the risk that unrecognized CSME is present at the time of surgery, may be more critical to outcome than choice of surgical technique.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination of intraocular lens haptic position after phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and extracapsular cataract extraction with linear capsulotomy.

PURPOSE: Intraocular lens (IOL) haptic position in 35 eyes that had undergone cataract surgery was examined with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). METHODS: In a prospective randomized study the patients were operated by phacoemulsification using continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) (group I) or by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) using linear capsulotomy (group II). Ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to localize both haptics of the implanted intraocular lenses and to measure anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris thickness and anterior chamber angle. The inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber was assessed with laser flare photometry. Slit lamp examination was performed. RESULTS: Both IOL haptics were found in the lens capsule in all 18 eyes in group I. In group II one of the haptics was located out of the capsule in 7 of 17 eyes (41%). The difference is statistically significant (p=0.01). Postoperatively mean ACD measured with the UBM was 4.06+/-0.30 mm in group I and 3.64+/-0.24 mm in group II (p=0.00025). CONCLUSION: The UBM examinations indicate that phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis is a more reliable technique than ECCE with linear capsulotomy to achieve implantation of the intraocular lens haptics in the capsular bag.     

KS-X型丙烯酸酯预装式人工晶状体植入临床分析

目的 评价KS-X型丙烯酸酯预装式人工晶状体植入术的安全性、有效性.方法 对92例(100只眼)老年性白内障患者行超声乳化白内障摘除术,采用预装式推注器植入KS-X型丙烯酸酯人工晶状体.观察患者术后视力、超声乳化时间、人工晶状体植入时间、角膜内皮细胞丢失率、散光变化及手术并发症.结果 术后1周、1月、3月裸眼视力≥0.5的患者所占比例分别为91%,94%,97%;术后3个月矫正视力≥0.8为84%.超声乳化时间为(26.45±13.95)s,平均超声能量为(12.71±8.21)%,人工晶状体植入时间(12.31±3.41)s.角膜内皮细胞丢失率为1 1.92%,术后1周、1月、3月的手术源性散光分别为(1.14±0.29)D、(0.89±0.31)D、(0.76±0.36)D.所有患者均手术顺利,未出现术中并发症.结论 KS-X型丙烯酸酯预装式人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的,其植入过程具有简单、快速、安全、清洁的优点,值得推广.     

Minimal endothelial cell loss following phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber lens

Fifty patients with senile cataract were treated consecutively by phacoemulsification in the posterior chamber or pupillary plane using a bimanual technique followed by implantation of a Kratz posterior chamber lens. Central endothelial cell density was determined both before and after surgery. The average central endothelial cell loss was 4.1 +/- 3.02%. Follow-up examinations of a small number of patients 27 months after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation showed no additional lens-induced endothelial cell loss.     

Long-term results of combined 1-way phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To analyze the results of 1-way phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation combined with trabeculectomy. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 42 eyes of 36 patients with glaucoma and cataract who had phacoemulsification with posterior chamber IOL implantation combined with trabeculectomy. The mean follow-up of 28.24 months +/- 10.99 (SD) (range 11 to 52 months) included measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, visual field, endothelial cell loss, and notation of complications. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant postoperative improvement in visual acuity (P < .001). Mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 (range 20/30 to hand movements). Mean 1 year postoperative BCVA was 20/30 (range 20/20 to 20/60). The preoperative mean IOP of 24.06 mm Hg decreased to 15.36 mm Hg at 1 year (P < .001). All 42 eyes had a postoperative IOP of less than 21.00 mm Hg. Mean central cornea endothelial cell density preoperatively was 2238 +/- 396 cells/mm2 (range 1697 to 2906 cells/mm2) and postoperatively, 2005 +/- 397 cells/mm2 (range 1302 to 2801 cells/mm2). Early postoperative complications consisted of a choroidal detachment in 2 patients (4.76%). Three and 4 days after surgery, respectively, 2 patients (4.76%) had surgery to remove viscoelastic substance under the IOL. Late complications included posterior synechias in 3 eyes (7.14%). One year after surgery, because of a significant decrease in vision, a neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was necessary in 2 eyes, 1 with an acrylic IOL (3.70%) and 1 with a silicone lens (9.09%). CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification, posterior chamber IOL implantation, and trabeculectomy was safe and effective in patients with coexisting glaucoma and cataract.     

不同撕囊直径下行囊袋内超声乳化对角膜和血-房水屏障的影响

目的：初步探讨不同撕囊直径下行囊袋内超声乳化对角膜和血-房水屏障的影响。

方法：选取2016-05-01/2017-04-31在潍坊眼科医院行飞秒激光辅助超声乳化手术的白内障患者(78例100眼)。术前按照撕囊直径分为试验组36例50眼,术中撕囊直径4.7mm; 对照组42例50眼,术中撕囊直径6.0mm。观察并分析两组患者术中平均超声能量和有效超声时间,术前和术后1d,1wk,2mo的最佳矫正视力、中央角膜厚度、房水闪辉细胞,术后2mo的角膜内皮细胞计数变化。

结果：两组患者术前最佳矫正视力、晶状体核硬度分级、中央角膜厚度、术中平均超声能量及有效超声时间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组术后各时间点的最佳矫正视力比较,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。以各时间点中央角膜厚度与术前中央角膜厚度差值作为各时间点中央角膜厚度变化值,结果显示,术后1d,1wk试验组患者的中央角膜厚度变化小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 术后2mo中央角膜厚度变化比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1d,1wk试验组患者的房水闪辉细胞数低于对照组; 至术后2mo,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2mo试验组角膜内皮细胞丢失率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：小直径撕囊行囊袋内超声乳化能够减少术中超声乳化能量对角膜的损伤,同时减少对血-房水屏障的破坏,患者术后恢复更快。     

Methylcellulose instead of Healon in extracapsular surgery with intraocular lens implantation

Methylcellulose 1% was used in the anterior chamber to facilitate posterior chamber lens implantation at the time of extracapsular cataract extraction. In parallel series with similar preoperative endothelial cell counts, 70 eyes implanted under methylcellulose had a mean central endothelial cell loss of 8 +/- 5.3% at 8 to 12 weeks postoperative, whereas 63 eyes implanted under an air bubble lost a mean 25.3 +/- 14.6% (P less than 0.001). No differences in postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, or inflammation were noted. A YAG laser preoperative anterior capsulotomy was used in all cases, and may have contributed to overall preservation of endothelial cells.     

超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术治疗晶状体半脱位观察

目的 评价超声乳化白内障摘出联合人T晶状体植入术在晶状体半脱位手术中的应用。方法 对135例(135眼)患者行超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术，术中应用连续环形撕囊技术，并使用灌注抽吸系统清除皮质，囊袋内植入人工晶状体。结果 术后矫正视力≥0．4者92眼，0．08以下者11眼，0．1～0．3者32眼。结论 超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术，对于晶状体半脱位患者，不失为一种有效的手术方法。     

超声乳化术中不同粘弹剂(Viscoat和透明质酸钠)对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的　比较两种粘弹性物质Viscoat和透明质酸钠在白内障超声乳化手术中对角膜内皮的影响。方法　老年性白内障 49人 68眼 ,其中透明质酸钠组 2 5人 3 4眼 ,Viscoat组 2 4人 3 4眼 ,两组患者无内眼病史、眼外伤及眼内手术史 ,无糖尿病等全身疾病史。采用超声乳化术摘出白内障同时植入折叠性人工晶体 ,术前术后用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜观察测量角膜内皮细胞密度。结果　二组一般情况包括年龄 ,晶体核硬度及超声能量与时间的乘积无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;透明质酸钠组术前和术后的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为 15 % ,经统计学处理有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。Viscoat组术前和术后的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为 9% ,经统计学处理没有显普性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　在白内障超声乳化手术中粘弹剂Viscoat对角膜内皮细胞的保护能力强于透明质酸钠     

Determining factors for corneal endothelial cell loss by using bimanual microincision phacoemulsification and power modulation

PURPOSE: To determine risk factors for central corneal endothelial cell loss in bimanual microincision cataract surgery by using power modulation. METHODS: Prospective study: 79 eyes (70 subjects) with uncomplicated bimanual cataract surgery by using power modulation. Cataracts were graded with the LOCS III system. Specular microscopy was performed preoperatively and postoperatively (5 weeks). Endothelial cell density was calculated (CD; cells/square millimeter). Endothelial cell loss (ECL = preoperative CD - postoperative CD; cells/square millimeter) and proportional loss of cells [PLC = (ECL/preoperative CD) x 100; %)] were calculated. Phacoemulsification time (seconds) and average phacoemulsification power in foot position 3 (%) were recorded. RESULTS: Cataracts were moderate to high density, nuclear color = 3.96, and nuclear opalescence = 3.91. Endothelial cell loss = 196 cells/square millimeter (P < 0.0001). Proportional loss of cells = 8.12% (P < 0.0001). Average phacoemulsification power in foot position 3 was low (8.17%). Increased nuclear color and opalescence were correlated with more phacoemulsification time and higher average phacoemulsification power in foot position 3 (P < 0.0001). Endothelial cell loss and proportional loss of cells, respectively, were affected by increased nuclear color (P < 0.004, P < 0.003) and opalescence (P < 0.006, P < 0.004) but were not affected by phacoemulsification time. Average phacoemulsification power in foot position 3 had a mild effect on endothelial cell loss and proportional loss of cells (P = 0.02, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the need for longer phacoemulsification time and increased power to emulsify denser cataracts, the amount of endothelial cell loss was only mildly affected by the average phacoemulsification power in foot position 3 and unaffected by total phacoemulsification time, showing that bimanual phacoemulsification with power modulation is an efficient and effective technique for performing cataract surgery.     

飞秒激光超声乳化白内障吸除术与2.2 mm同轴微切口超声乳化白内障吸除术早期临床效果对比

目的对比飞秒激光超声乳化白内障吸除术与传统2.2 mm同轴微切口超声乳化白内障吸除术早期临床效果,探讨飞秒激光超声乳化白内障吸除术的有效性及安全性。方法前瞻性队列研究。选择2013年12月至2014年5月在山西省眼科医院行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体（IOL）植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者87例（114眼）,根据手术方式分为2组,飞秒激光超声乳化手术组（FLACS组）44例（60眼）,2.2 mm同轴微切口超声乳化白内障吸除术组（传统组）43例（54眼）。FLACS组利用LenSx飞秒设备,在前节光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的监测下行前囊膜环形切开、碎核、制作2.2 mm透明角膜切口。传统组手工制作2.2 mm透明角膜切口,连续环形撕囊。根据患者需求,选择植入非球面IOL（SN60WF）或多焦点IOL（SN6AD1）,对比2种手术方式术后早期远视力、中央角膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞计数、超声能量的使用情况及术中术后并发症的差异。采用秩和检验、独立样本t检验及配对t检验进行数据分析。结果2组术后1个月远UCVA及BCVA差异无统计学意义;FLACS组角膜内皮细胞密度丢失率低于传统组,但差异无统计学意义;FLACS组术后中央角膜厚度恢复早于传统组。FLACS组超声时间较传统组减少30%,累计释放能量较传统组减少49%,2组差异有统计学意义（t=-2.739,P＜0.01;Z=-2.979,P＜0.01）。飞秒激光制作的透明角膜切口,78%可以顺利用分离器分开,13%主切口需要用角膜刀手工穿刺,7%侧切口需要角膜刀穿刺,2%发生主切口倾斜。飞秒激光进行前囊膜切开,93%顺利完成,7%发生不连续撕囊,需要手工调整,撕开部分囊膜,使之完全游离。结论飞秒激光超声乳化白内障吸除术与传统2.2 mm同轴微切口超声乳化白内障吸除术相比,其使用的超声能量大大减少,术后早期角膜组织恢复更快,手术更加安全有效。     

飞秒激光辅助超声乳化术对白内障患者角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的:探讨飞秒激光辅助超声乳化术对白内障患者角膜内皮细胞的影响.方法:前瞻性队列研究.选取于2014-08/2016-01来我院就诊的行微切口超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的白内障患者180例190眼,根据随机数字表法,将所有患者分为观察组80例85眼和对照组100例105眼.对照组患者采用传统微切口超声乳化吸除法进行治疗;观察组患者采用飞秒激光辅助超声乳化吸除法进行治疗.收集两组患者的一般资料和临床资料,包括年龄、性别和术前、术后3 mo每平方毫米角膜内皮细胞计数、术中累积释放能量值(cumulative dissipated energy,CDE)等.对患者的资料进行统计学分析.结果:观察组患者Ⅱ级核组和Ⅲ级核组CDE水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.456、-3.053,P=0.016、0.003).Ⅱ级核组的CDE降低率为29.37%,Ⅲ级核组的CDE降低率为22.69%,明显低于Ⅱ级核组的CDE降低率.术前两组患者角膜内皮细胞密度比较差异无统计学意义(t=-0.816,P=0.416);术后3mo,观察组和对照组的角膜内皮细胞密度均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.094、6.043,P=0.038、<0.001).术后3 mo观察组角膜内皮细胞密度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.575,P=0.011).观察组患者角膜内皮细胞丢失率(7.68±4.23)%明显低于对照组(10.36±4.08)%.结论:对于Ⅲ级核以下白内障患者,飞秒激光辅助白内障手术比传统微切口超声乳化手术能够更有效减少术中CDE水平,减少对角膜内皮细胞的损伤,安全性高.     

Evaluation of early corneal endothelial cell loss in bimanual microincision cataract surgery (MICS) in comparison with standard phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To analyze early corneal endothelial cell loss due to microincision cataract surgery (MICS) in comparison with standard phacoemulsification through the temporal clear corneal incision. METHODS: The examined group consisted of a nonrandomized, consecutive prospective series of 20 eyes of 20 patients who underwent uneventful microincision cataract surgery. Twenty eyes of 20 patients who underwent standard phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation served as a reference group. Patients with corneal disorders, contact lens wear, previous intraocular surgery, and a history of ocular trauma were excluded from the study. Patients were examined preoperatively and 10 days postoperatively. The following items were evaluated in this study: corneal endothelial cell density, intraoperative phaco power, effective phaco time, as well as pre- and postoperative visual acuity. Corneal endothelial cell counts were done in the central part of the cornea using a non-contact Topcon SP 2000P specular microscope before and 10 days after the surgery. The measurements were performed in a semiautomated, masked manner. Statistical analysis was done using nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Mann-Whitney U test). RESULTS: All patients in the study underwent uneventful surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) examined 10 days postoperatively in the MICS group was 0.94+/-0.094, whereas in the standard phacoemulsification group it was 0.90+/-0.094. There was no significant difference between BCVA in the two groups (Mann Whitney U two-tailed test: p>0.05). In both groups there was a significant decrease in postoperative endothelial cell densities (ECDs) when compared to preoperative values. Mean postoperative ECDs were 2235+/-418 cells/mm2 in the MICS group and 2079+/-399 cells/mm2 in the standard phacoemulsification group; the difference was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test: p>0.05). Patients in the MICS group lost an average of 9.5% of cells, whereas patients after standard phacoemulsification lost about 7.6% of cells. This difference was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Microincision cataract surgery induced corneal endothelial cell loss similar to a standard phacoemulsification and allowed excellent visual results in this series of patients. These results support the use of MICS technique for cataract surgery.     

电子撕囊针在白色白内障手术中的应用

目的　评估电子撕囊针在白色白内障手术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法　３０例（３０眼）白色白内障患者随机分为常规撕囊组和电子撕囊组,各１５眼,均行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。常规撕囊组用传统撕囊镊撕囊,电子撕囊组用电子撕囊针撕囊。观察两组撕囊状况及人工晶状体植入情况。结果　两组所有患者均顺利完成白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。除常规撕囊组１眼行人工晶状体睫状沟植入外,其余患者均囊袋内植入。常规撕囊组撕囊优良率只有２０％,失败率达６０％,而电子撕囊组撕囊优良率达１００％,两组差异有统计学意义（χ２＝１４．５２,Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后１周２组矫正视力和角膜内皮细胞计数差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论　白色白内障超声乳化术中使用电子撕囊针撕囊安全有效。