抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗对视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿患者视网膜毛细血管影响的研究现状

玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物是目前治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)黄斑水肿的主要手段,其能明显抑制新生血管,减轻水肿,提高患者视力。但VEGF是血管内皮细胞的存活因子,其是否会导致视网膜缺血进展以及是否对视网膜毛细血管产生影响值得临床关注。就目前来看,大多学者认为,从拱环形态改变以及浅层、深层视网膜毛细血管层量化黄斑中心凹无血管区面积、视网膜无灌注区大小及黄斑区视网膜血流密度等方面观察,抗VEGF药物治疗RVO黄斑水肿并不会加重视网膜毛细血管的闭塞。并且,这些指标的变化可能与患者需要治疗的次数、视力预后等有一定的关系。今后随着OCT血管成像的逐渐普及以及抗VEGF药物治疗次数和时间的延长,期待更大样本、更长随访时间的研究深入分析抗VEGF药物治疗对RVO黄斑水肿患者视网膜毛细血管的确切影响。     

黄斑区视网膜深层微血管变化对糖尿病性黄斑水肿的影响

近年来光学相干断层扫描血管成像 (OCTA)作为一项新型的成像技术,通过探测血管内移动的信号来使血流显影,其量化血管参数的优势使其可监测糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生发展过程中视网膜毛细血管的变化,从而预测DR的发生发展。许多研究表明,早期DR患者各层视网膜血管参数均发生了变化,且深层毛细血管丛的变化较浅层毛细血管丛明显,而这种变化在糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）中更为显著,由此推测黄斑水肿首先发生于深层毛细血管丛中。而玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物后能明显减轻黄斑水肿,提高患者视力,影响黄斑区视网膜微血管。本文通过总结应用OCTA观察DR和DME患者病程发展中以及抗 VEGF 治疗后黄斑区视网膜深层微血管的变化,从深层微血管的改变对DME发生发展及预后的影响进行综述。     

糖尿病性黄斑水肿的药物治疗及进展

糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema, DME)是糖尿病患者眼部常见的并发症之一,也是导致糖尿病患者视力损伤的主要原因。血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是目前DME治疗的重要靶点。目前对DME的主要治疗药物包括抗血管内皮生长因子和糖皮质激素(corticosteroid); 尚在发展中的新兴治疗药物有抗VEGF DARPin设计的锚蛋白重复序列(designed ankyrin repeat proteins,DARPins)、血管黏附蛋白(vascular adhesion protein)和整合素拮抗剂(integrin antagonist)等。本文就糖尿病性黄斑水肿的药物治疗及进展作一综述。     

抗VEGF时代激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的再认识

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR）是糖尿病致盲的主要原因。全视网膜光凝（panretinal photocoagulation,PRP）是目前治疗PDR的标准方法,但是存在加重黄斑水肿、导致周边视野缺失等不良反应。玻璃体注射抗血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）药物可有效抑制视网膜和视盘新生血管,改善糖尿病视网膜病变的严重程度,展示了替代PRP治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的良好前景。正确认识抗VEGF药物的临床价值,探索PRP联合抗VEGF疗法的模式和方法有助于改善PDR的治疗预后。     

抗VEGF药物在视网膜血管性疾病围手术期的应用

血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与新生血管性眼病密切相关,是有效的治疗靶点.抗VEGF药物能减少新生血管形成,降低血管通透性,为新生血管性眼病的治疗带来重大变革.目前雷珠单抗在国内已被批准用于湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗,在美国被批准用于糖尿病性黄斑水肿和视网膜静脉阻塞后黄斑水肿的治疗.抗VEGF药物也作为适应证外治疗药物用于其他新生血管性眼病的治疗,如增生性糖尿病视网膜病变、其他视网膜血管性疾病和新生血管性青光眼等.抗VEGF药物辅助手术治疗显示出明显的疗效,可减少术中、术后的并发症和疾病的复发率.就贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗等抗VEGF药物在视网膜血管性疾病围手术期的应用情况进行综述.     

糖尿病黄斑水肿对抗VEGF药物治疗的不同反应与糖尿病视网膜病变程度的相关性

目的：通过观察糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)患者对于玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF治疗的不同反应和糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的不同程度之间的相关性,进一步阐释糖尿病黄伴水肿的发病机制和治疗策略。

方法：选择非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(non proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)伴发DME的患者27例33眼,增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)伴发DME的患者32例34眼。均给予玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药雷珠单抗,观察两组患者对该药的不同反应,并进行统计学比较。

结果：分别把患者治疗3、6mo时的最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)和黄斑中心视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)和治疗前的BCVA、CMT作比较,NPDR组有统计学差异(P<0.05),PDR组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。NPDR组和PDR组比较,3、6mo时的BCVR和CMT均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。

结论：糖尿病视网膜病变的不同程度影响着糖尿病黄斑水肿对抗VEGF治疗的反应。     

糖尿病视网膜病变药物治疗的研究进展

随着糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)发病机制的深入研究,目前对DR的药物治疗取得了一定的成果,包括糖皮质激素、抗血管内皮细胞生长因子、抗血小板源性生长因子、非甾体类消炎药以及改善视神经功能的药物.目前治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿,玻璃体注药治疗特别是抗血管内皮细胞生长因子药物已逐渐推广.     

积极稳妥地进行治疗效果优化及新适应证探索研究,不断提高科学使用抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗眼底病的临床应用水平

抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物治疗已经成为新生血管性老年性黄斑变性的临床一线治疗,在糖尿病黄斑水肿、视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿以及早产儿视网膜病变、新生血管性青光眼等视网膜新生血管病变相关的疾病治疗中也得到广泛应用并取得良好的临床效果.然而,积极稳妥地进行治疗效果优化以及新的适应证探索研究,在国内外研究的基础上,结合本地区特点和患者具体情况,不断提高科学使用抗VEGF药物治疗眼底病的临床应用水平仍有大量工作要做;进一步深入研究新生血管性眼底疾病的本质特征以及影响其发生发展转归的相关因素,开发研究更新更好的治疗药物及方法尚任重道远.     

VEGF家族及其受体与糖尿病视网膜病变发病的关系

视网膜新生血管形成和黄斑水肿是糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的主要临床表现,也是DR主要的致盲原因。目前研究表明血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在糖尿病视网膜微血管并发症的发生中发挥重要作用,因此VEGF成为当今DR治疗干预的一个研究热点。本文就VEGF家族及其受体在DR中的表达与DR病变发病的关系研究进展进行综述。     

康柏西普对RVO继发黄斑水肿患者黄斑区视网膜血管密度的影响

目的：评价视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)继发黄斑水肿抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗前后黄斑区视网膜血管密度的变化。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。选取2018-04/06临床确诊为RVO继发黄斑水肿患者23例,给予玻璃体腔注射0.5mg/0.05mL康柏西普。对比治疗前后BCVA以及行OCTA检查,软件自动识别及测量治疗前后CMT和浅层视网膜毛细血管网血管长度密度和灌注密度的变化。

结果：随访时间为1mo,治疗后BCVA较治疗前提高(P<0.05),CMT较治疗前降低(P<0.05),治疗后浅层视网膜毛细血管网中位于中心凹、旁中心凹及总区域的血管长度密度和灌注密度与治疗前均无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：单次抗VEGF治疗RVO继发黄斑水肿在短期内BCVA和CMT明显好转,并且未加重黄斑缺血。     

Effect of anti-VEGF treatment on nonperfusion areas in ischemic retinopathy

In recent years, retinal ischemia such as that which occurs in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has become a hotspot of ischemic retinopathy research. High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are recognized as a major cause of macular edema (ME) in DR and RVO. High concentrations of VEGF in the vitreous can lead to serious retinal ischemia and hypoxia and form retinal nonperfusion areas (NPAs). Different levels of retinal ischemia can represent disease severity and progression. Anti-VEGF therapy as the first-line treatment for ME has been found to be effective in improving vision, but there are still disputes about whether anti-VEGF therapy could improve retinal ischemia and achieve reperfusion of previously developed retinal NPAs. Here, we review and summarize studies of the effects of anti-VEGF drugs on retinal ischemia, especially NPAs.     

Branch retinal vein occlusion: clinical findings, natural history, and management

Branch retinal vein occlusion is a common retinal vascular condition characterized by sectoral intraretinal hemorrhages, retinal ischemia, retinal exudates, and macular edema. The site of occlusion usually occurs in the vicinity of arteriovenous crossing sites, and is predisposed by various systemic and local factors. Complications of branch retinal vein occlusion include macular edema, capillary nonperfusion, retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachments that often result in loss of vision. Until recently, laser photocoagulation was the only therapy recommended for eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. New medical and surgical treatment options aimed at reducing macular edema have been evaluated in recent years, and include intraocular injections of steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, sustained drug release devices, vitrectomy, and sheathotomy.     

Pharmacologic Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious complications of chronic diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of blindness in working-age populations. Large, randomized studies have demonstrated the benefits of systemic and ocular therapy in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The process of angiogenesis plays a critical role in the development of diabetic complications. VEGF is part of the angiogenic process and gives rise to retinal neovascularizations, which are part of the proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Various types of anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of diabetic macular edema are currently being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Recently published prospective studies addressing the impact of anti-VEGF drugs on diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy showed the clinical effects of these drugs and uncovered possible adverse effects. Herein we present a review on therapy of diabetic retinopathy with a special focus on anti-VEGF therapy.     

Changes of retinal oxygen saturation during treatment of diabetic macular edema with a pre-defined regimen of aflibercept: a prospective study

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To study the effect of anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) on retinal oxygen saturation (O2S) and its correlation...     

抗VEGF治疗对不同类型DME患者黄斑中心凹无血管区的影响

目的 基于糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的不同影像类型,采用OCTA探讨DME患者抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗前后黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)结构的变化。方法 回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年10月来我院就诊的经3+PRN抗VEGF治疗的51例62眼DME患者资料。根据黄斑水肿类型分为弥漫增厚型DME(DRT-DME)组30例(36眼)和黄斑囊样水肿型DME(CME-DME)组21例(26眼)。分别收集两组患者抗VEGF治疗前、治疗后3个月及治疗后6个月的临床资料和OCTA指标,包括最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)、FAZ面积、黄斑中心凹旁300μm范围内的视网膜血流密度(FD)和FAZ非圆度指数(AI),并对其进行比较分析。对CME-DME组患者抗VEGF治疗前后OCTA指标差值(治疗前与治疗后6个月差值)之间的相关性采用Spearman相关性分析。结果 与治疗前相比,DRT-DME组患者治疗后3个月和治疗后6个月各方位的CRT均下降、BCVA均改善(均为P<0.05),但FAZ面积、FD和AI的差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与治...     

One day wonder: Fast resolution of macular edema following intravitreal ranibizumab in retinal venous occlusions

Macular edema is a significant cause of vision loss in patients with central retinal vein occlusions and branch retinal vein occlusions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. Anti-VEGF therapy, such as intravitreal ranibizumab provides an effective treatment against vision-threatening macular edema. We report three patients of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema who demonstrated overnight resolution of macular edema following treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg). 3D optical coherence tomography (Optovue) was used as a tool for comparison of the macular thickness before and after treatment. The significant reductions in the central foveal thickness demonstrated in these patients one night after intravitreal injections could have significant influence on modifying current treatment protocols. Early treatment of macular edema related to retinal venous occlusive disease with anti-VEGF injections could result in faster visual rehabilitation in these patients.