Endophthalmitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical settings and treatment outcomes for endophthalmitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. METHODS: The medical records were reviewed of all patients treated for P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis at a single institution between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final visual acuity and rate of enucleation or evisceration. RESULTS: The study included 28 eyes of 28 patients with a median age of 75 years (range, 5-93 years). The clinical setting of endophthalmitis included: cataract surgery (n = 9), corneal ulcer (n = 7), penetrating keratoplasty (n = 5), bleb associated (n = 2), glaucoma drainage implant (n = 2), pars plana vitrectomy (n = 1), iris cyst removal (n = 1), and trauma (n = 1). In acute-onset postoperative cases (n = 10), the median interval between surgery and presentation with endophthalmitis was 4 days (range, 1-26 days). The median duration of symptoms was 1 day, and all patients were treated on the day of diagnosis. Eleven patients (39%) had hand motions or better vision in the infected eye at the time of initial diagnosis. Because of no light perception visual acuity, necrosis of cornea and sclera, and intractable pain, 7 eyes (25%) underwent evisceration or enucleation as initial treatment; of the remaining 21 eyes, intravitreal antibiotics were administered in all cases and intravitreal dexamethasone was administered in 15 cases (71%). Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 12 patients (43%). The organism was sensitive to the initial antibiotics administered in all but 2 cases. Final visual acuity was 5/200 or better in 2 of 28 eyes (7%). Nineteen patients (68%) had a final visual acuity outcome of no light perception, and no patient achieved a final visual acuity of better than 20/400. Overall, 18 of the 28 eyes (64%) were either eviscerated or enucleated. CONCLUSIONS: Endophthalmitis caused by P. aeruginosa is associated with poor visual outcomes despite prompt treatment with intravitreal antibiotics to which the organisms were sensitive.     

人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎治疗的临床分析

目的分析总结人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎的临床特征及治疗效果。方法2001年2月～2004年4月，我院收治此类患者7例(7只眼)，分别于人工晶状体植入术后1～12天发生化脓性眼内炎。感染后视力：光感～手动／30cm。治疗方法：2只眼行玻璃体腔药物注射；4只眼行玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔药物注射；1只眼行眼内容剜出术。结果术后随访1～36个月，6只眼眼内炎症控制，视力分别为0、02、0．4、0．6、0．8、0．8，其中1只眼出现角膜内皮功能失代偿。结论人工晶状体植入术后突然发生的术眼疼痛是化脓性眼内炎早期重要特征之一。玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切除术是人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Vitrectomy for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To identify risk factors of poor visual outcome with vitrectomy for early-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical records of 29 consecutive eyes with endophthalmitis developing within 6 weeks after cataract surgery and that underwent therapeutic vitrectomy between June 1996 and April 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-two of the eyes received intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime at the time of vitrectomy, and all patients received intravenous antibiotics. Eyes were divided into two groups; group A consisted of 22 eyes with a final visual acuity of 0.2 or greater, and group B consisted of 7 eyes with a final visual acuity of less than 0.2. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes (52%) in group A achieved a visual acuity of 0.5 or better and 8(28%) achieved a visual acuity of 1.0, while 4 eyes in group B developed phthisis bulbi. For eyes with a preoperative visual acuity of hand motions or worse, there was no correlation between final visual acuity and preoperative visual acuity. The overall culture-positive rate was 57%. In group A, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis was identified in 6 eyes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 3 eyes and enterococcus in 2 eyes. In group B, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (AHS) was identified in 4 eyes, aspergillus in 1 eye, and MRSA in 1 eye. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin with the exception of the aspergillus. AHS infection appeared to be associated with wound failure from the initial cataract surgery and a poor visual outcome. Among 3 of the eyes that developed phthisis bulbi, intravitreal injection of antibiotics was not performed. CONCLUSION: Early vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of vancomycin may improve visual outcomes, but infection with AHS may be associated with cataract surgery wound failure and poor visual outcomes.     

Endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

PURPOSE: To investigate clinical settings, management strategies, antibiotic sensitivities, and visual acuity outcomes of endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: Records were reviewed of all patients with culture-positive endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae treated at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and antibiotic sensitivities. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients met study inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 7 months (range, 3 months to 10 years). Clinical settings included acute postoperative (10 eyes), corneal stitch abscess (5), corneal ulcer (3), bleb-associated (4), post-trauma (3), and endogenous (2). Eighteen cases (67%) were acute-onset (less than 3 weeks from event), with a median interval between event and presentation of endophthalmitis of 5 days (range, 1 day to 16 days). Nine cases (33%) were delayed-onset (median, 27 months; range, 3 to 121 months). Initial visual acuity was hand motions or better in 11 cases (41%). Initial therapeutic procedures included vitreous tap and injection of intravitreal antibiotics in 15 eyes (56%), pars plana vitrectomy and injection of intravitreal antibiotics in 10 eyes (37%), and evisceration in 2 eyes (7%). Seventeen (68%) of 25 eyes received intravitreal dexamethasone. Twelve patients (48%) received additional doses of intraocular antibiotics, and 11 patients (44%) underwent secondary surgical intervention within one week of diagnosis. The Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates showed sensitivity patterns as follows: 27/27 vancomycin, 13/13 clindamycin, 6/6 cefazolin, 11/11 ciprofloxacin, 14/14 moxifloxacin, 24/26 (92%) ofloxacin, 12/14 (86%) levofloxacin, 13/14 (93%) gatifloxacin, and 1/13 (8%) gentamicin. The organism was sensitive to at least one antibiotic administered initially in all cases. Final visual acuity was 20/400 or better in 8/27 (30%) cases, but 10 eyes (37%) had a final vision of no light perception. CONCLUSION: Despite prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics, endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with a poor visual prognosis.     

重症感染性眼内炎的手术时机选择

目的 探讨玻璃体切割联合硅油填充手术治疗重症感染性眼内炎的疗效及手术时机.方法 62例急性重症感染性眼内炎患者62只眼纳入本研究.所有患者均经过最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、直接和(或)间接检眼镜及眼部B型超声检查后确诊,其中,外伤后44例44只眼,内眼手术后17例17只眼,内源性1例1只眼.分为确诊后立即手术组和药物治疗后再行手术组.后者均为患者拒绝立即手术治疗.立即手术组32例32只眼,药物治疗后再行手术组30例30只眼.两组患者治疗前均常规抽取玻璃体积脓送细菌培养加药物敏感试验及真菌培养加药物敏感试验.62份玻璃体送检标本中,培养结果阳性者19例,阳性率30.65%.手术均为玻璃体切割联合硅油填充.药物治疗者均全身应用广谱抗生素及糖皮质激素治疗.手术后随访6.0～26.0个月.通过分析两组患者手术前后视力、眼压变化、眼球保留情况,比较其治疗效果差异.结果 立即手术组所有患眼炎症均得到控制,保留眼球,手术后视力与手术前视力比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.372,P＜0.05);手术后眼压较手术前增高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.83,P＜0.05).药物治疗后再行手术组19只眼炎症得到控制,保留眼球,占63.33%,手术后视力与手术前视力比较.差异无统计学意义(x2=4.732,P=0.80);11只眼手术后眼球萎缩,摘除眼球,占36.67%.结论 玻璃体切割联合硅油填充手术是治疗重症感染性眼内炎的有效方法,确诊后立即行手术治疗是取得良好效果的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical timing of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade for severe infectious endophthalmitis. Methods Sixty-two patients (62 eyes)with endophthalmitis, diagnosed by the examinations of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure, slit-lamp microscopy, direct and (or) indirect ophthalmoscopy and ocular B-ultrasound. There are 44, 17 and 1 eyes with posttraumatic, postoperative and endogenous infectious endophthalmitis, respectively. The patients were randomly divided into the group A (32 eyes) and B (30eyes). The former was treated immediately by vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade after diagnosis, while the latter was treated by the same surgery after drug treatment depended on patients'choice. Vitreous purulence was taken in all patients before vitrectomy for bacterial, fungal culture and drug sensitivity test. 19/62 (30.65%) vitreous samples were positive for culture. The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 26 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure and eye retention situation before and after surgery were comparatively analyzed. Results In group A, endophthalmitis was controlled in all eyes after surgery;the visual acuity and intraocular pressure improved significantly after surgery (χ2=43.72, 6.83; P＜0.05). In group B, endophthalmitis was controlled in 19/30 eyes (63.33%) after surgery; evisceration was performed on 11 eyes (36.67%) because of the atrophy of the eyeball. There was no significant difference of visual acuity before and after surgery. Conclusions Vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade is an effective way to cure severe infected endophthalmitis. Performing the surgery immediately after the diagnosis is the key to achieve good effect.     

硅油填充术在不伴有视网膜脱离外伤性感染性眼内炎的临床应用

目的：观察玻璃体切除联合眼内注药或硅油填充术对眼球穿通伤后合并感染性眼内炎不伴视网膜脱离的疗效。 方法：应用经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术，以联合眼内注药或硅油填充术分组治疗30只眼球穿通伤并发感染性眼内炎不伴有视网膜脱离患者，术后予以静脉、结膜下及眼药水途径给予抗感染抗炎治疗。 结果：玻璃体切除术后追踪随访3～12个月，2组30只眼细菌性感染全部控制，术后视力较术前视力有显著性提高，联合眼内注药组19只眼，其中4只眼（21．1％）发生视网膜脱离：联合硅油填充组11只眼，其中术后1只眼（9％）发生视网膜脱离。两组术后并发症发生率均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。 结论：玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术能有效控制炎症，稳定视网膜功能，对一些视网膜情况不佳或炎症难以控制的患者可以考虑术中应用硅油。     

Systematic review of 342 cases of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis

We review a total of 342 cases of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis reported between 1986 and 2012. Predisposing conditions were present in 60%, most commonly diabetes, intravenous drug use, and malignancy. The most common sources of infection were liver, lung, endocardium, urinary tract, and meninges. Systemic features such as fever were present in 74%, hypopyon in 35%, and an absent fundal view in 40%. Diagnostic delay occurred in 26%. Blood cultures were positive in 56%, and at least one intraocular sample was positive in 58% (comprising 26% anterior chamber samples, 59% vitreous taps, and 41% vitrectomy specimens). Worldwide, Gram negative infections (55%) were more frequent than Gram positive (45%) infections, particularly in Asia. Over the last decade, 11% of eyes were treated with systemic antibiotics alone, 10% intravitreal antibiotics alone, 36% systemic plus intravitreal antibiotics, and 20% systemic plus intravitreal antibiotics plus pars plana vitrectomy. The most commonly used intravitreal antibiotics were vancomycin (for Gram positive infection) and ceftazidime (Gram negative). The median final visual acuity was 20/100, with 44% worse than 20/200. Among all cases, 24% required evisceration or enucleation, and mortality was 4%. Both intravitreal dexamethasone and vitrectomy were each associated with a significantly greater chance of retaining 20/200 or better and significantly fewer eviscerations or enucleations—these warrant further study. For most patients, treatment should include a thorough systemic evaluation and prompt intravitreal and systemic antibiotics.     

眼内炎16例临床分析

目的:探讨眼内炎的病因以及玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床疗效。方法:对我院2010-01/2012-12收治的眼内炎患者共16例16眼进行回顾性分析,其中男13例,女3例,年龄42～82(平均60)岁。其中5例患者行眼球内容物剜除术,11例患者行玻璃体切割术。结果:因眼外伤所致眼内炎8例,内源性眼内炎2例,白内障术后2例,抗青光眼术后2例,感染性角膜炎1例,白内障过熟期晶状体过敏性眼内炎1例。经玻璃体切割术后8例视力有不同程度提高,脱盲(视力>0.05)6例(55%)。结论:眼外伤是眼内炎的最常见原因,玻璃体切割手术治疗能不同程度恢复患者视功能。     

Endophthalmitis after 25-gauge and 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and outcomes

PURPOSE: To compare the rates of endophthalmitis after 20-gauge versus 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and to investigate clinical features of, and visual acuity outcomes, for patients with endophthalmitis after PPV. METHODS: A computerized database search was performed at each author's institution to identify all patients who underwent PPV by any of the authors between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006, and were subsequently treated for endophthalmitis. In addition, all patients who underwent PPV and were subsequently treated for endophthalmitis at Pennsylvania State College of Medicine (Hershey, PA) and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (Miami, FL) during the study period were included. The medical records of these patients were reviewed to confirm that the endophthalmitis was associated with PPV and to collect clinical data to meet the study objectives. RESULTS: The incidence of endophthalmitis during the study period was 2 cases per 6,375 patients (or 1 case per 3,188 patients; 0.03%) for 20-gauge PPV compared with 11 cases per 1,307 patients (or 1 case per 119 patients; 0.84%) for 25-gauge PPV (P < 0.0001). Of 11 eyes that developed endophthalmitis after 25-gauge PPV, 9 received endophthalmitis prophylaxis with subconjunctival cefazolin after surgery. Median intraocular pressure on postoperative day 1 was 13 mmHg (range, 5-27 mmHg). Median time between PPV and endophthalmitis presentation was 3 days (range, 1-15 days). Presenting vision was hand motions or better in all eyes. Initial treatment included vitreous tap and injection of antibiotics in nine eyes and PPV and injection of antibiotics in two. All patients received intraocular treatment with vancomycin, and 10 received ceftazidime treatment. Eight patients had final visual acuity of >/=20/400, and four had visual acuity of >/=20/63. Cultures were negative in three cases; no culture specimens were obtained in one case. Six of the seven isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci, and one was enterococcus. Five of six isolates tested for sensitivity to vancomycin were sensitive, and both isolates tested for sensitivity to ceftazidime were sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of endophthalmitis after 25-gauge PPV was significantly higher than that after 20-gauge PPV. Endophthalmitis after 25-gauge PPV occurred within 15 days of PPV, was usually due to coagulase-negative staphylococci sensitive to vancomycin, and was associated with variable visual outcomes.     

Result of early vitrectomy for endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis

PURPOSE: To determine the role of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae endogenous endophthalmitis. METHODS: Records of seven consecutive patients (10 eyes) diagnosed with Klebsiella endogenous endophthalmitis were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Five patients (71%) had diabetes, and four (57%) had a liver abscess as the source. In most cases, the inflammation progressed within days and resulted in decreased vision worse than hand motions and a total vitreous abscess, despite systemic and intravitreal antibiotic injections. A PPV with subretinal abscess drainage and silicone oil tamponade was performed within 2 weeks. After 6 months, the retina remained attached in all eyes (100%), and vision was counting fingers or better in five eyes (50%). Two eyes recovered visual acuity between 20/63 and 20/125. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be alerted to the development of endogenous endophthalmitis in patients with Klebsiella septicemia, especially in diabetics with a hepatobiliary abscess. Aggressive therapy, including early vitrectomy with antibiotic injection, may improve the final outcome in this otherwise devastating ocular condition.     

Management of recurrent postoperative fungal endophthalmitis

Aim:

To report the management of recurrent postoperative fungal endophthalmitis (POFE) after failed pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and antifungal therapy.

Settings and Design:

Tertiary Care Referral Centre in North India. Retrospective, single institution, interventional case-series.

Materials and Methods:

Six patients with microbiologically proven recurrent post-operative fungal endophthalmitis refractory to conventional management were included. The final recurrence was managed with intraocular lens (IOL) explantation and re-PPV. Main outcome measures included preserved globe anatomy, visual acuity and retinal status. ‘Anatomical success’ was defined as preserved anatomy of the globe, and absence of signs of inflammation. ‘Functional success’ was defined as an attached retina and a best corrected visual acuity of better than 20/400.

Results:

Of the six cases of POFE, five were culture positive [Aspergillus flavus (1), Aspergillus fumigatus (2), Candida albicans (1) and Candida glabrata (1)] and one was smear positive for yeast. All recurred (mean recurrences, 4) despite a mean of 2.17 PPVs and intravitreal amphotericin B. No recurrences were observed after IOL explantation with re – PPV (median follow-up, 37 months). Pre-study defined criteria for successful ‘anatomical’ and ‘functional’ outcomes were achieved in 83.3% and 50% respectively.

Conclusion:

This report highlights the effective role of combined IOL explantation with PPV in managing recurrent POFE.     

玻璃体切除玻璃体腔注药治疗感染性眼内炎

目的评价玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔注药治疗严重眼内炎的临床应用价值。方法对43例（43眼）感染性眼内炎进行玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔注药、眼内异物摘出，或联合晶状体切除、视网膜脱离复位及硅油或惰性气体填充术，配合全身及局部应用抗生素（或抗真菌药）、皮质类固醇药物治疗。随访4月～4年。结果41眼（95．35％）眼内炎控制，保存了眼球；35眼（81．40％）视力不同程度的提高；视力无变化者3眼（6．98％）；视力降低3眼（6．98％）；1眼（2．33％）作眼内容摘除；1例术后自动出院，失随访。结论玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔注药是治疗严重眼内炎的有效方法。     

Pars plana vitrectomy versus three intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for nontractional diabetic macular edema. A prospective,randomized comparative study

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) with three, monthly, intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections for refractory diabetic macular edema.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective, randomized, comparative, interventional study. Forty-four patients were enrolled and randomized in two groups. Twenty-two eyes enrolled in Group I received three IVB injections at monthly interval. Twenty-two eyes were enrolled in Group II which underwent PPV with ILM removal. The primary outcomes measured were: (1) Best corrected logMAR visual acuity (BCVA) using Snellen''s visual acuity chart. (2) Central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography. The secondary outcome measures were: Complication rates like (1) progression of lens opacities, (2) high intraocular pressure needing further treatment/procedure, (3) development of vitreous hemorrhage related to the procedure employed, (4) retinal detachment and (5) severe inflammation/endophthalmitis.

Results:

In Group I (IVB): 3 (13.6%) eyes showed no change in BCVA; 3 (13.6%) eyes reported decrease in BCVA and 16 (72.8%) eyes showed improvement in BCVA; (P = 0.0181). In Group II (PPV): 4 (18.2%) eyes showed no change in BCVA; 5 (22.7%) eyes showed decrease and 13 (59.1%) eyes showed improvement in BCVA (P = 0.0281). Mean decrease in CMT in IVB group was 108.45 μ, whereas mean decrease in CMT in PPV group was 161.36 μ. No major complications were seen in either group.

Conclusion:

Posttreatment decrease in CMT was more in PPV group and vision improvement more in IVB group. However, no statistically significant difference between the two methods was found.     

Visual outcomes of vitrectomy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy-related breakthrough vitreous haemorrhage

Purpose

To evaluate the long-term visual outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)-associated vitreous haemorrhage (VH).

Method

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with PCV-related VH who underwent PPV. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and fundus findings at 3 months postoperatively and final visit.

Results

Seventeen eyes of 17 patients with massive subretinal haemorrhage (16.7±7.1 disc size of mean subretinal haemorrhage area) were enrolled. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 25.2 months. Four eyes received intravitreal bevacizumab injections, and three eyes underwent photodynamic therapy before the onset of VH. The mean BCVA improved from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) of 2.63±0.57 preoperatively to 1.43±0.82 at final visit (P<0.001). Among the eyes with initial polyps at subfoveal or juxtafoveal area, 16.70% achieved final BCVA ≥20/400 (LogMAR 1.3), whereas 87.50% of eyes with initial polyps at extrafoveal area had final BCVA ≥20/400 (Fisher''s exact test, P=0.026).

Conclusions

PCV with massive subretinal haemorrhage is at risk for breakthrough VH. The visual prognosis in eyes with PCV-related breakthrough VH is variable after vitrectomy. Initial polyps at the extrafoveal area led to better functional outcomes. Early vitrectomy may be beneficial for visual recovery after PCV-related VH.     

Intravitreal pefloxacin therapy in postoperative endophthalmitis

Purpose : To study the efficacy of intravitreal pefloxacin in the management of suspected bacterial endophthalmitis. Methods : Twenty eyes with suspected postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis were given an intravitreal injection of pefloxacin (200 μg in 0.1 mL). If required the injection was repeated after 24 h. The main parameters evaluated were visual acuity, response to intravitreal therapy and any complications due to intravitreal pefloxacin. Results : Fourteen eyes (70%) responded to intravitreal pefloxacin therapy alone, while an additional pars plana vitrectomy was required in six eyes (30%). Nineteen eyes retained a visual acuity of 6/60 or better at 3 months after the initiation of therapy. A retinal detachment developed in one of the eyes which received intravitreal therapy. Conclusions : Intravitreal pefloxacin may be a useful alternative therapy in bacterial endophthalmitis.     

Intravitreal moxifloxacin injections in acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis: Efficacy and safety

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal moxifloxacin injections in the treatment of acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis with visual acuity equal to or greater than hand movements.Methods:Fifty two patients with post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis who presented within 6 weeks with visual acuity equal to or greater than hand movements received two intravitreal moxifloxacin injections 48 h apart. Patients with prior history of ocular disease or treatment were excluded. Patients were followed up to 3 months either for resolution of endophthalmitis or worsening of disease. Number of patients who achieved visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40 and 20/200 at the third-month follow-up visit were compared with the number of patients at presentation, using Chi-square test. In addition, pretreatment LogMAR visual acuity at the time of presentation was compared with posttreatment visual acuity at end of third month using paired t test.Results:Fifty (96.15%) patients showed complete resolution of endophthalmitis while three patients required vitrectomy. Forty-one (78.85%) and 49 (94.23%) patients achieved visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40 and 20/200, respectively, at the third-month follow-up visit as compared to eight (15.38%) and 13 (25%) patients, respectively, at presentation (P < 0.05). In addition, mean LogMAR visual acuity at the time of presentation was 0.755 which improved to 0.307 at the third-month follow-up visit (P < 0.05). None of the patients developed hypersensitivity reactions to intravitreal moxifloxacin.Conclusion:Intravitreal moxifloxacin injections showed promising results in acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis.     

开放性眼外伤玻璃体切除术后眼球摘除23例临床分析

目的 探讨开放性眼外伤玻璃体切除术后眼球摘除的原因和相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2007年1月收治的开放性眼外伤玻璃体切除术后眼球摘除23例(23只眼)患者的临床资料,采用Logistic多因素分析法筛选危险因素.结果 眼球摘除的原因:玻璃体切除术后视网膜脱离复发19只眼,玻璃体切除术中视网膜复位不良2只眼,外伤性眼内容炎不能控制1只眼,玻璃体切除术后玻璃体出血药物治疗长期不能吸收1只眼.眼外伤时伤口大小、有无异物伤、有无眼内炎、PVR分级、眼球摘除前视力、手术次数与眼球摘除相关.结论 开放性眼外伤玻璃体切除术后眼球摘除的危险因素为外伤时伤口长大于10mm、伴异物或眼内炎,玻璃体切除时PVR分级C2或以上,眼球摘除前视力无光感,眼球摘除前手术次数≥3次.     

Endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy for treatment of severe endophthalmitis with retinal detachment

Summary statement

To decrease evisceration of eyes, endoscopy-assisted pars plana vitrectomy is a choice for patients with severe endophthalmitis accompanied with retinal detachment and corneal edema.

Purpose

To evaluate surgical outcomes using an intraocular videoendoscope for vitrectomy in patients with severe endophthalmitis with retinal detachment.

Methods

From December 2006 to August 2009, the medical records of 21 patients undergoing endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy for endophthalmitis with retinal detachment were studied. Only patients with ≥18 months follow-up were included.

Results

Intraocular infections were under control in 19 of the 21 patients. Postoperatively, the visual acuity of three of the patients ranged from 2/100 to 20/100 (14.3 %), two of the patients left with finger counting (9.5 %), eight had hand motion (38.1 %), six had light perception (28.6 %), and the other two had their eyes eviscerated (9.5 %) because of recurrent and uncontrollable infection.

Conclusions

In patients with severe endophthalmitis accompanied with retinal detachment and marked corneal opacity, it is appropriate to conduct endoscopy-assisted pars plana vitrectomy to decrease evisceration of eyes.     

Visual outcomes following the use of intravitreal steroids in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis

OBJECTIVE: To compare visual outcomes between cases of acute postoperative endophthalmitis that did or did not receive intravitreal steroids. DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative trial. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven patients with postoperative endophthalmitis. INTERVENTION: Thirty-one patients with postoperative endophthalmitis resulting from cataract extraction received both intravitreal antibiotics and steroids, whereas the remaining 26 received only intravitreal antibiotics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement in visual acuity. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the variables that potentially influence a three-line visual acuity improvement. The mean baseline visual acuities of both groups were comparable. The use of intravitreal steroids reduced the probability of developing a three-line improvement in visual acuity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.287; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.072-0.852]). On the basis of logistic regression analysis using our multivariate model, gender, baseline visual acuity, and pars plana vitrectomy were not significantly associated with visual outcome differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who received intravitreal steroids had a significantly reduced likelihood of obtaining a three-line improvement in visual acuity. At a minimum our study provides no support for their use and, therefore, steroids may not be efficacious for acute endophthalmitis related to cataract extraction.     

白内障术后急性感染性眼内炎的临床特征

目的　探讨天津医科大学眼科医院白内障手术后急性感染性眼内炎的临床特征。方法　回顾性分析2007年12月至2017年12月在我院行白内障手术后发生急性感染性眼内炎患者的临床资料,共有28例（28眼）发生眼内炎。统计患者性别、年龄、发病率、白内障术后眼内炎的发病时间、病原体种类、治疗方式、出院时患者的视力及基础疾病的情况。结果　我院近十年有28例28眼发生白内障术后急性感染性眼内炎,发病率为0.041％,其中男10例10眼,发病率为0.015％,女18例18眼,发病率为0.026％;患者的年龄为25～84（66.11±13.80）岁;发生白内障术后急性感染性眼内炎的时间为（8.39±6.92）d;怀疑患有眼内炎并首次检查患者时,角膜水肿的发病率为64.3％（18/28）,前房积脓的发病率为42.9％（12/28）;17眼在确诊后行玻璃体切割术联合玻璃体内注药,11眼只接受了前房和（或）玻璃体内注药;治疗后患者的视力为(0.90±0.86）logMAR;患者病原体培养的阳性率为64.3％,其中表皮葡萄球菌10眼,约占35.7％。结论　白内障术后急性感染性眼内炎的发生受多种因素的影响;感染的致病菌以凝固酶阴性的表皮葡萄球菌为主;患者视力的恢复和初次检查时临床表现的严重程度相关;确诊后及时行玻璃体切割术可以提高患者的最终视力。