青光眼患者血清及房水一氧化氮浓度的测定

目的 测定青光眼患者血清及房水一氧化氮(NO)浓度并探讨其在青光眼发病中的作用。方法 实验患者分为青光眼组和白内障组,应用硝酸还原酶法分别测定两组患者血清及房水NO浓度。结果 两组患者血清NO浓度无显著性差异,青光眼组内各类型之间血清NO浓度亦无显著性差异。原发性开角型青光眼患者房水NO浓度较对照组及其他类型青光眼显著降低,闭角型青光眼患者房水NO浓度较对照组显著升高(P<0.01)。 结论 眼压升高可引起房水NO浓度升高,过多的NO可损伤小梁网及邻近的葡萄膜及视网膜组织。开角型青光眼患者由于房角原生型一氧化氮合成酶的减少引起房水NO浓度的降低,此可能为眼压升高的原因之一。     

一氧化氮与青光眼患者眼压升高关系的研究

目的探讨一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO)在青光眼患者眼压升高中的作用.方法对急性闭角型青光眼患者16例,老年性白内障患者29例,正常志愿者30例,应用高效液相色谱分析仪检测其血浆和房水中NO的含量,并以NO2和NO3之和表示.结果正常对照组血浆中NO的平均含量为(2969.37±862.85)ng/L;青光眼组血浆中NO的平均含量为(1390.78±302.95)ng/L,较对照组明显降低(t=2.853,P<0.01);白内障组血浆中NO的平均含量为(4234.89±1495.23)ng/L,较对照组明显升高.对照组房水中NO平均含量为(1405.83±602.70)ng/L;青光眼组房水中NO的平均含量为(2052.03±694.74)ng/L,与对照组比较差异无显著性(t=1.862,P＞0.05);白内障组房水中NO的平均含量为(2454.67±655.13)ng/L,较对照组明显升高.房水/血浆NO含量比值对照组为47.3%,白内障组为58.0%,二者的比值差异无显著性;而青光眼组为144.0%.结论血浆、房水中NO含量与急性闭角型青光眼眼压升高有关.     

不同切口青光眼白内障联合术后泪液NO浓度与前房炎症反应的变化

目的：：观察不同切口白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术后泪液NO浓度变化及前房炎症反应程度。方法：选取原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者49例50眼,随机分成单切口组和双切口组,常规降眼压治疗后行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,术前及术后分别采集泪液检测NO浓度,行激光闪辉细胞测量仪检测房水闪辉值。结果：泪液NO浓度：术后 NO 浓度单切口组9.86±0.78μmol/L,双切口组NO浓度为9.13±0.67μmol/L,单切口组高于双切口组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(t=3.57,P<0.05)。房水闪辉值：术后单切口组62.42±18.16pc/ms,双切口组为52.20±17.57pc/ms,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(t=2.02,P<0.05)。结论：双切口白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术的早期炎性损伤低,具有安全性,但仍应提高手术技巧,减少手术创伤。     

剥脱综合征性青光眼患者血清和房水中NO浓度的测定

目的:测定剥脱综合征性青光眼(peseudoexfoliation glaucoma,PEG)患者血清及房水一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)浓度,并探讨其在PEG发病中的作用。方法:应用硝酸还原酶法测定PEG患者（实验组）及白内障患者（对照组）血清及房水NO浓度。结果:实验组血清及房水NO浓度明显低于对照组（P<0.01）。结论:PEG患者血清及房水NO浓度降低,可能是导致房水滤过阻力增高的原因之一。     

血清及房水中IL-6水平与炎症性青光眼的相关性研究

目的:测定炎症相关性青光眼(简称炎症性青光眼)患者血清及房水中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平,探讨IL-6在炎症性青光眼发生发展中的作用。方法:选取炎症性青光眼患者20例20眼作为试验组(A组),原发性慢性青光眼(原发性慢性开角型青光眼和原发性慢性闭角型青光眼)患者20例20眼作为高眼压对照组(B组),老年性白内障患者20例20眼作为正常对照组(C组)。采集三组患者血清及房水标本,通过电化学发光法分别检测血清与房水中IL-6的水平。结果:炎症性青光眼组、原发性慢性青光眼组、老年性白内障组血清IL-6水平分别为3.26±2.10,4.20±1.94,3.50±2.24pg/mL,差异无统计学意义(F=1.080,P=0.345)。炎症性青光眼组、原发性慢性青光眼组、老年性白内障组房水IL-6水平分别为293.77±38.72,135.27±32.72,115.80±29.97pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(F=164.86,P=0.000),炎症性青光眼组明显高于原发性慢性青光眼及老年性白内障组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01;P<0.01),原发性慢性青光眼组与老年性白内障组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:炎症性青光眼患者房水IL-6水平的高表达与炎症反应密切相关,与高眼压状态无明显相关性。     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者房水中IL-8和IL-12p70的表达及其临床意义

目的:对原发性急性闭角型青光眼(AACG)和年龄相关性白内障(ARC)患者房水中IL-8及IL-12p70浓度进行检测,并探讨其临床意义。方法:选取2019-10/2020-12于我院治疗的原发性AACG急性发作期患者29例29眼作为研究组,同期于我院行手术治疗的ARC患者17例17眼作为对照组,通过流式液相蛋白定量技术检测患者房水中IL-8及IL-12p70水平,同时收集患者的一般资料进行相关性分析。结果:与ARC患者相比,AACG患者房水中IL-8浓度显著升高(Z=-5.384,P<0.05),但两组患者房水中IL-12p70水平无差异(Z=-1.587,P=0.112)。AACG患者房水中IL-8水平与急性发作持续时间呈正相关(r_s=0.387,P=0.038),其中滤过性手术患者房水中细胞因子IL-8、IL-12p70浓度均显著高于非滤过性手术患者(P<0.05)。结论:AACG患者房水中炎症相关因子IL-8浓度明显升高,免疫相关因子IL-12p70浓度随着疾病的进展出现差异性表达增加,提示炎症和免疫可能参与AACG的病理过程。     

糖尿病合并白内障患者血清及房水中铬元素含量测定及分析

目的:检测2型糖尿病合并老年性白内障患者血清及眼房水中铬元素的含量,并探讨其临床意义。方法:采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定患者血清及房水中铬的含量,试验组:糖尿病(2型)合并白内障患者19例,对照组:健康的老年性白内障患者21例。结果:试验组的血清及房水铬元素含量分别为(3.79±1.17)μg/L,(0.97±0.35)μg/L,明显低于对照组(4.50±0.92)μg/L,(1.43±0.68)μg/L,且两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.139,P<0.05;t=-2.653,P<0.05),两组血清及房水中铬元素含量无显著相关性(r=-0.142,P>0.05)。结论:铬元素在糖尿病合并老年性白内障患者的发生及发展过程中具有重要作用。     

2型糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白和超敏C-反应蛋白浓度的变化

目的 探讨2型糖尿病并发视网膜病变(DR)患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)和超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度的变化.方法 病例对照研究.采用酶联免疫吸附测定法和速率散射比浊法检测79例DR组患者血清IMA和hs-CRP浓度变化,并与83例非DR(NDR)糖尿病组患者和72例对照组受检者进行比较,同时将40例增殖性DR(PDR)组患者与39例非增殖性DR(NPDR)组患者进行比较.采用PPMS 1.5统计学软件进行数据分析.两组均数比较采用t检验;多组均数比较采用单因素三水平设计定量资料方差分析,多个均数之间两两比较采用q检验.结果 DR组患者血清IMA浓度(46.51±13.29)μg/L,hs-CRP浓度(4.27±2.24)mg/L;NDR组患者血清IMA浓度(25.47±9.33)μg/L,hs-CRP浓度(2.96±1.84)mg/L;对照组血清IMA浓度(15.36±4.27)μg/L,hs-CRP浓度(1.86±0.97)mg/L;PDR组患者血清IMA浓度(54.72±15.61)μg/L,hs-CRP浓度(6.34±3.53)mg/L;NPDR组患者血清IMA浓度(38.35±11.27)μg/L,hs-CRP浓度(3.28±1.77)mg/L.DR组患者血清IMA和hs-CRP浓度明显高于对照组和NDR组,NDR组患者血清IMA和hs-CRP浓度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(F=197.124,34.561;q=5.41～27.34;P<0.01);PDR组患者血清IMA和hs-CRP浓度明显高于NPDR患者组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.46,4.89;P<0.01);DR组患者血清IMA与hs-CRP浓度呈正相关(r=0.617,P<0.01).结论 DR患者血清IMA和hs-CRP浓度明显升高,且与病情严重程度呈正相关,可能影响DR的发展.     

抗青光眼术后白内障行超声乳化术的前房炎症反应临床研究

目的观察抗青光眼术后白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶体植入术后的前房炎症反应及其对眼压和视功能的影响。方法对40例(62眼)老年性白内障及40例(50眼)抗青光眼术后白内障患者(15眼无瞳孔粘连35眼有瞳孔粘连,开角型青光眼2例4眼,慢性闭角型青光眼17例29眼,急性闭角型青光眼11例17眼),应用激光闪光细胞检测仪(Laserflarecellmeter,LFCM)测量并比较超声乳化白内障吸除并人工晶体植入术前及术后1天、7天、30天及90天房水的平均闪辉值并观察术前后的眼压、视力及滤过泡情况。结果术前,老年性白内障及抗青光眼术后白内障患者房水的平均闪辉值无明显差别。各组术后1天、7天及30天的房水蛋白浓度均较术前为主,并有显著性差异(P<0.05)。术后90天时,老年性白内障患者与术前无显著性差别,而抗青光眼术后白内障患者仍高于术前水平,并有显著性差异(P<0.05)。术后1天,无瞳孔粘连眼与有瞳孔粘连组差异有显著性。两组术后视力均明显提高,眼压控制稳定,青光眼组术后眼压下降,与术前有显著性差别。结论抗青光眼术后白内障手术后眼血-房水屏障功能破坏,炎症反应重,恢复需要更长的时间,但手术具有安全性,术后视功能及眼压恢复理想,且能进一步降低青光眼的眼压。     

青光眼患者房水中β淀粉样蛋白的检测

目的通过检测房水中β淀粉样蛋白(β-AP)的含量,对青光眼的发病机理进行探讨。方法用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测临床诊断为青光眼的患者25例及白内障对照者27例房水中β-AP1-42的水平。结果青光眼组β-AP1-42的含量为1.62～5.56pg/ml,平均(3.0540±1.0828)pg/ml;白内障组含量为1.21～5.37pg/ml,平均(2.3667±1.1067)pg/ml,两组差异有统计学意义(t=2.261,P<0.05)。青光眼组患者房水中β-AP1-42含量与病程之间无相关关系(r=0.104,P>0.05)。结论青光眼患者房水中β-AP1-42水平明显高于白内障对照组,并与病程长短无关。     

Follow-up studies in pattern VECP in demyelinating diseases in children

Spectral sensitivity functions and the transient decrease of sensitivity to short wavelengths after the offset of yellow light (transient tritanopia) were measured by increment threshold techniques in patients suffering from hereditary macular degenerations. Color vision defects were determined by arrangement tests and the anomaloscope. Central areolar choroidal dystrophy was found to produce a mild protan defect and to reduce foveal spectral sensitivity throughout the visible spectrum by a factor of 100; it also abolishes transient tritanopia. Electroretinogram (ERG) was normal, electrooculogram (EOG) subnormal. Stargardt's disease, despite numerous fluorescent macular spots, does not abolish transient tritanopia nor does it reduce spectral sensitivity, although scotopic matches were performed on the Nagel anomaloscope. Only in severe, advanced cases was transient tritanopia reduced and spectral sensitivity found to follow the absorption spectrum of rods. Routine ERGs and EOGs were normal. Vitelliform macular degeneration, despite the ophthalmoscopically pronounced dystrophic macula, produced only very small changes in spectral sensitivity and transient tritanopia, although a widened matching range on the Nagel anomaloscope and electrophysiological abnormalities were found. Apparently damage of the retinal circuit which connects long and short wavelength-sensitive cones, caused by hereditary conditions, is different from that caused by retinotoxic drugs.     

p53 expression in pterygium in two climatic regions in Turkey

Purpose:

To assess accumulation of p53 protein in samples of primary pterygium from people living in two different climatic regions in Turkey.

Materials and Methods:

Group 1 included 101 pterygium specimens from people in Adana located in southern Turkey. Group 2 included 39 pterygium specimens from people in Ankara, located in the middle of Turkey. Climatic conditions throughout the year are sunnier and warmer in Adana than they are in Ankara. The control group (Group 3) included 30 specimens of conjunctiva that had been excised during cataract surgery from 30 patients without pterygium. The pterygial specimens and control conjunctiva were studied by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against p53 protein. Pearson''s chi-square test was used to compare the p53 immunoreactivity.

Results:

The p53 immunoreactivity in Groups 1 and 2 was greater than it was in the control group (P<0.001). There were no differences in p53 immunoreactivity between Groups 1 and 2 (P= 0.060).

Conclusion:

The p53 immunoreactivity was not correlated with ultraviolet irradiation exposure. The p53 immunoreactivity in our pterygium specimens suggests that pterygium could be a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation.     

Changes in Bruch's membrane in experimental hypercholesteremia in rats

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of high cholesterol diet for the aging changes in Bruch's membrane of rats. METHODS: After feeding a 4% cholesterol diet for 15 weeks to three young rats 3 months old and four aged rats 23 months old, we observed the morphological changes of Bruch's membrane by electron microscopy, and made a comparison with rats fed an ordinary diet. RESULTS: In one young rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris formed multiple folds separated from the plasma membrane of the endothelium and showed lamellar thickening and crack in some areas. The elastic fiber layer in Bruch's membrane disappeared partly and some new microfibrils appeared. In one aged rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris showed more lamellar thickening with lumps in some parts. Compared with rats fed an ordinary diet, rats fed a high-cholesterol diet showed thickening of the basement membrane and the changes were more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that high-cholesterol diet might promote age-related changes of Bruch's membrane.     

Trends in Patterns of Anterior Uveitis in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore

Purpose: To report the trends in etiology of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) in Singapore over 6 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all new patients who presented with anterior uveitis to the uveitis subspecialty clinic from 2005 to 2010 at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Results: There were 552 new cases of AU. This comprised 59.5% of a total of 928 new patients diagnosed with uveitis from 2005 to 2010. The mean age was 48.0?±?17.2 years. There was a male predominance (62.5%), with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority were of Chinese ethnicity (69%), followed by Malays (13.2%). Most cases were unilateral (79.5%) and idiopathic (50.4%). Common etiological causes included Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) (5.6%), ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related AU (5.1%), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4.7%), and herpes zoster virus (HZV) (4.5%). There were increasing trends in AS-related AU from 3.2% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2010, and psoriasis-associated AU from 1.7% in 2005 to 4.0% in 2008. There were decreasing trends in the incidence of FHI from 10.6% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2009. No change in incidence of viral etiologies was noted, but cytomegalovirus-related immune-recovery uveitis (IRU) comprised 7.4%. IRU showed an increasing trend from 1.7% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2007, then decreased to 3.3% in 2010. Using the Pearson chi-square test, there was no statistically significant association between ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Indian) comparing infectious and noninfectious cases (p?=?0.788), idiopathic and nonidiopathic cases (p?=?0.170), or between the various etiologies of uveitis (p?=?0.168).

Conclusions: AU was the predominant form of uveitis seen at our centers. Infectious etiologies (18.5%) are the most common among nonidiopathic cases, with herpes viruses (9.2%) being most prevalent. Despite increased use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of microbial and viral DNA, there was no overall increase in detection of infectious causes for uveitis. The changes in CMV-related immune recovery uveitis from 2005 to 2010 could reflect a change in HIV management in Singapore.     

实验性糖尿病视网膜微血管病变的病理研究

目的：观察糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）的组织学改变。方法：应用光镜、免疫组织化学、电镜及组织化学电镜等技术,研究在不同时间点Spregue-Dawley(SD)大鼠视网膜毛细血管基底膜中的Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白和视网膜毛细胞血管基底膜的厚度,以及其负电荷位点数目的变化。结果：随着糖尿病病程的发展,视网膜毛细血管基底膜下不断增厚伴有Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,同时负电荷位点数目减少。结论：视网膜毛细血管基底膜增厚,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,负电荷位点数目减少可能是导致DR渗出性病变的病理基础。     

Orthokeratology practice in children in a university clinic in Hong Kong*

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data of children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho‐k) and to investigate patients’/parents’ perspective on ortho‐k via telephone interviews. Methods: Clinical records of children undergoing ortho‐k from a university optometry clinic were reviewed and the effects of ortho‐k on refraction, vision and cornea were investigated. A telephone interview was conducted to solicit patients’/parents’ perspective of the treatment. Results: One hundred and eight files were reviewed. Median age of the children was nine years (range six to 15); mean (±SD) pre‐treatment refractive sphere was ‐3.56 ± 1.49 D and the median refractive cylinder was ‐0.50 D (range zero to ‐4.25 D). Significant refractive spherical reduction (58 per cent), improvement in unaided vision and corneal topographical changes were noted after only one night of wear. No significant change in astigmatism was found. Corneal staining was the most commonly observed complication with ortho‐k and more than 80 per cent of patients were advised to apply ocular lubricants to loosen the lens before lens removal. Ortho‐k was mainly undertaken for myopic control and about 90 per cent of the respondents reported good/very good unaided vision after ortho‐k and ranked the treatment as satisfactory or very good. Lens binding and ocular discharge were the most frequently reported problems during the treatment. Conclusion: Under close monitoring, overnight ortho‐k is effective and safe for reducing low to moderate myopia and the treatment is well accepted by the children.     

内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎的巨噬细胞中Toll样受体4的表达

目的 探讨在内毒素诱导的Wistar大鼠葡萄膜炎中Toll样受体4(TLR4)阳性细胞与虹膜组织中巨噬细胞的动态变化和分布.方法 实验研究.Wistar大鼠50只,用随机数字法随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常对照(0 h)组、6 h组、12 h组、24 h组及48 h组.除0 h组外其余各组均足垫部注射霍乱弧菌内毒素200μg,注射后于裂隙灯显微镜下观察双眼前节炎症反应变化.按实验分组于0、6、12、24、48 h处死大鼠.取虹膜一睫状体及脉络膜组织.通过葡萄膜铺片免疫组织化学方法检测TLR4和巨噬细胞的标记CD163的表达.人工计数虹膜中TLR4~+与CD163~+的细胞并计算细胞密度,计算圆形和多形性的CD163~+细胞占所有CD163~+细胞的百分比.进一步采用免疫荧光双标记检测TLR4和CD163共表达的情况.通过单因素方差分析分别对大鼠虹膜内阳性细胞密度以及圆形、多形性CD163~+细胞的百分比进行统计学检验.结果 正常大鼠虹膜睫状体组织不表达TLR4.6 h组有2只大鼠虹膜内可见少量TLR4~+细胞,12～48 h组所有大鼠虹膜内TLR4~+细胞明显增多(F=167.2,P＜0.001),虹膜内TLR4~+细胞密度分别为(506.1±39.5)个/mm~2(12 h组)、(492.3±54.5)个/mm~2(24 h组)及(663.8±150.2)个/mm~2 (48 h组).在注射LPS后12～48 h期间TLR4~+细胞形态无明显变化.0～48 h组大鼠虹膜内均有CD163~+细胞,0 h组圆形和多形性CD163~+细胞百分比为13%,12～48 h组其百分比约为80%,且圆形细胞主要位于虹膜基质层.免疫荧光双标记可见TLR4和CD163的共表达,TLR4位于细胞膜,CD163位于细胞质.5组大鼠脉络膜内均未见TLR4表达.结论 内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎中虹膜内TLR4表达增高,部分虹膜固有巨噬细胞表达TLR4.TLR4可能在葡萄膜炎的发生发展中起一定作用.     

Advances in imaging in oculoplastics

Color Doppler imaging, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are the most precious imaging tools for the clinician in the field of oculoplastics. Orbital and facial vasculature, with its dynamic changes and flow velocities seen in orbital varices, carotid-cavernous fistulas, and dural cavernous arteriovenous malformations, is best detected by Color Doppler imaging. Computed tomography remains the dominant imaging modality in the evaluation of orbital trauma. Helical CT axial scanning with multiplanar reconstruction and three-dimensional CT imaging are most helpful in assessing iatrogenic, traumatogenic, and teratogenic orbital abnormalities. Despite its poor histologic specificity, MR imaging provides superior soft tissue contrast, and contrast-enhanced MR imaging has an established role regarding soft tissue tumor infiltration. The greatest value of MR studies in the evaluation of orbital and palpebral tumors is that it has the capacity to show the precise relation between lesions and adjacent structures before the clinician contemplates a surgical approach. Finally, contrast-enhanced MR imaging proved to be a valuable vascularization indicator based upon the extent of relative enhancement within porous orbital implant in anophthalmic socket.