足月胎膜早破的引产时机对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨足月胎膜早破孕妇引产时机对妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取青岛大学附属医院和临沂市中心医院2015年1月—2017年12月足月妊娠胎膜早破孕妇1 474例,根据宫颈评分及引产时间分为4组。A组,Bishop评分≥6分,破膜2 h未临产缩宫素引产;B组,Bishop评分≥6分,破膜12 h未临产缩宫素引产;C组,Bishop评分6分,破膜2 h未临产缩宫素引产;D组Bishop评分6分,破膜12 h未临产缩宫素引产。回顾性分析4组的妊娠结局。结果:A、B两组间阴道分娩率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而D组阴道分娩率高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组的产褥期感染率、引产并发症总发生率明显低于B组(P0.05),而C组孕妇引产并发症总发生率、胎儿窘迫率、新生儿转科率高于D组(P0.05)。结论:足月胎膜早破孕妇,宫颈成熟者可破膜后2 h引产,宫颈不成熟者,可期待至破膜后12 h引产。     

足月妊娠胎膜早破引产时机的探讨

目的探讨足月妊娠胎膜早破产妇的最佳引产时机。方法足月妊娠胎膜早破192例,①对于宫颈成熟,Bishop评分≥6分,破膜12h未临产者缩宫素引产(A组)81例;②宫颈不成熟,Bishop评分<6分,等待破膜24h未临产者缩宫素引产(B组)63例;③Bishop评分<6分,破膜12h未临产者缩宫素引产(C组)48例。对三组分娩方式及发生的母儿并发症进行回顾性分析。结果阴道分娩率A组较B组、C组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);阴道产钳助产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组较C组产时并发症明显减少,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.526,P=0.002)。结论胎膜早破患者在无其他产科合并症时,宫颈成熟,可在破膜12h引产;宫颈不成熟,可期待至破膜24h后再行引产。     

足月胎膜早破的引产时机对妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨足月胎膜早破孕妇引产时机对妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取青岛大学附属医院和临沂市中心医院2015年1月—2017年12月足月妊娠胎膜早破孕妇1 474例，根据宫颈评分及引产时间分为4组。A组，Bishop评分≥6分，破膜2 h未临产缩宫素引产；B组，Bishop评分≥6分，破膜12 h未临产缩宫素引产；C组，Bishop评分＜6分，破膜2 h未临产缩宫素引产；D组Bishop评分＜6分，破膜12 h未临产缩宫素引产。回顾性分析4组的妊娠结局。结果：A、B两组间阴道分娩率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；而D组阴道分娩率高于C组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。A组的产褥期感染率、引产并发症总发生率明显低于B组（P＜0.05），而C组孕妇引产并发症总发生率、胎儿窘迫率、新生儿转科率高于D组（P＜0.05）。结论：足月胎膜早破孕妇，宫颈成熟者可破膜后2 h引产，宫颈不成熟者，可期待至破膜后12 h引产。     

COOK双球囊联合人工破膜用于足月妊娠引产的临床研究

目的探讨COOK双球囊联合人工破膜在足月引产中的疗效。方法对180例单胎头位足月妊娠、符合引产指征的初产孕妇进行随机对照的回顾性研究,其中研究组90例,对照组90例。研究组使用COOK双球囊促宫颈成熟后15 h,取出球囊后人工破膜,破膜1 h后无有效宫缩,予小剂量静脉滴注缩宫素引产;对照组使用宫颈双球囊促宫颈成熟后15 h,直接小剂量滴注缩宫素引产。对比两组静滴缩宫素至临产的时间、第一产程时间、总产程时间、剖宫产率、新生儿窒息率、产后出血量、产后产褥感染率等。结果两组静滴缩宫素至临产时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),第一产程及总产程差异无统计学意义(P0.05),剖宫产率、新生儿窒息率、产后出血量、产后产褥感染率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 COOK双球囊联合人工破膜用于足月引产可提高引产的有效性,不增加感染概率。     

普贝生配合缩宫素在足月妊娠引产中的临床应用

目的探讨普贝生配合缩宫素用于足月妊娠引产的临床效果及安全性。方法将120例妊娠足月、有引产指征的初产妇随机分为两组,研究组80例以普贝生并酌情配合缩宫素引产,对照组40例以缩宫素引产,比较两组产妇用药前后的宫颈Bishop评分、临产情况、剖宫产率、对母婴的影响。结果研究组促宫颈成熟有效率93.75%,高于对照组（40.00%）,用药至临产时间（12.51±10.73）h,短于对照组（21.12±15.10）h,引产成功率高（97.50%）,剖宫产率低（32.50%）。结论普贝生配合缩宫素可有效、安全地用于足月妊娠引产。     

COOK球囊用于足月引产的临床疗效观察

目的探讨COOK球囊用于足月引产促宫颈成熟的有效性和安全性。方法回顾分析乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区人民医院2011年5月至2014年5月322例应用COOK球囊引产孕妇资料,同时以200例同期单纯使用缩宫素引产孕妇资料为对照,统计引产指征、引产前及引产12h后宫颈评分、产程进展情况、剖宫产率、产后出血量、新生儿情况、产褥感染率、不良反应等,比较两组差异。结果引产指征包括羊水过多、羊水偏少、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压疾病、延期妊娠、瘢痕子宫,研究组及对照组逾期妊娠比例均最高(35.4%和38.0%),其次为妊娠期糖尿病(20.5%和20.5%),除瘢痕子宫两组相比有统计学意义外,其他均无统计学意义。研究组在应用球囊12h后,宫颈评分明显提高,促宫颈成熟有效率达95.34%。对照组用药12h后,宫颈评分有所提高,促宫颈成熟有效率为51.50%。两组相比宫颈评分、有效率均有统计学意义。研究组中有310例给予人工破膜静滴缩宫素或直接静滴缩宫素,从引产到临产平均时间为(14.21±4.83)h,对照组中154例继续静滴缩宫素引产,从引产到临产平均时间为(19.35±6.46)h,两组相比有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组中阴道试产者最终有294例阴道分娩,对照组中有124例阴道分娩,两组产程相比无统计学意义。研究组剖宫产率为8.70%,明显低于对照组38.00%,两组相比有统计学意义(P0.001)。产时和产后出血、新生儿Apgar评分、产褥感染两组相比无统计学意义。对照组子宫过度刺激及羊水污染率明显高于研究组,两者相比有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组中均无胎盘早剥及强直子宫收缩发生,新生儿窒息率无统计学意义。结论COOK球囊促宫颈成熟疗效和安全性均优于单纯使用缩宫素,是一种实用价值较高的临床引产工具。     

引产对孕41周孕妇的母儿结局影响

目的 探讨引产对孕41周、无妊娠合并症孕妇母儿结局的影响.方法 选择北京协和医院妇产科2002年9月至2007年4月收治的孕41-41周+0、无妊娠合并症的初产妇374例,按临产与否分为引产组225例,其中药物(包括应用缩宫素和地诺前列酮)引产173例,人工破膜引产5例,人工破膜+药物引产47例;自然临产组149例.分别对两组孕妇的一般情况、分娩方式、产后并发症、新生儿窒息发生情况、住院天数及费用等进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)引产组的剖宫产率(44.0%,99/225)明显高于自然临产组(18.1%,27/149),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)引产组及自然临产组产后出血发生率分别为2.7%(6/225)和1.3%(2/149)、产褥病率分别为0.9%(2/225)和0.7%(1/149)、切口延期愈合发生率为0.9%(2/225)和0.7%(1/149)、尿潴留发生率分别为4.4%(10/225)和3.4%(5/149)、产时损伤发生率分别为0.4%(1/225)和0、羊水Ⅲ度污染发生率分别为11.6%(26/225)和13.4%(20/149)、新生儿窒息发生率分别为1.3%(3/225)和2.0%(3/149),两组孕妇以上各指标分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)在阴道顺产中,第一产程时间引产组平均为413 min,自然临产组平均为461 min,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第二产程时间引产组平均为40 min,自然临产组为48 min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);引产组阴道顺产中第二产程超过60 min的发生率为17.1%(20/117),自然临产组为28.8%(34/118),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);引产组急产发生率为5.1%(6/117),自然l临产组为0,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)住院天数自然临产组平均为(5.7±1.9)d,引产组为(6.9±2.7)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

地诺前列酮用于足月妊娠计划分娩三种给药方法的临床研究

目的:探讨地诺前列酮(普贝生)重复给药、延长给药用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及引产的有效性及安全性。方法:选取正常单胎头位足月妊娠,具有引产指征而无使用前列腺素禁忌证的孕妇148例,使用普贝生引产。常规给药组60例:给药1次,放药时间≤12h。重复给药组48例:连续给药2次,第1次放药时间12h,第2次放药时间≤12h;延长给药组40例:给药1次,放药时间12～24h;3组孕妇在给药前、给药后6h、12h及24h经阴道检查进行宫颈Bishop评分,观察给药至出现临产的时间、总产程、阴道分娩率、缩宫素使用率、产后24h出血量和新生儿体重、Apgar评分及有无不良反应等。结果:用药后24h常规给药组促宫颈成熟显效率最高(66.7%),重复给药组引产有效率最高(87.5%),用药至临产的时间以常规给药组为最短(16.9±8.05h)。3组中重复给药组总产程最短,阴道分娩率最高,缩宫素使用率最低。产后出血量、新生儿体重及新生儿Apgar评分3组无显著差异。常规给药组和延长给药组中各有1例因不良反应终止用药,停药后反应消失。结论:普贝生用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟有效率及引产成功率高,重复给药可改善单次用药临产率较低的情况,亦安全有效。延长药物放置时间可在一定程度上进一步促进宫颈成熟。     

欣普贝生用于足月胎膜早破低宫颈评分引产的效果观察

目的:探讨欣普贝生(地诺前列酮栓)在足月胎膜早破初产孕妇中应用的安全性及有效性。方法:100例足月胎膜早破单胎孕妇,破膜2h后未临产,宫颈条件未成熟(宫颈Bishop评分≤4分),孕妇知情同意后欣普贝生组入组50例,催产素组50例。比较两组的分娩方式及母儿结局情况。结果:与催产素组比较,欣普贝生组8h、12h促宫颈成熟总有效率明显增加(92.0%vs 64.5%,P0.01;95.9%vs 79.2%,P0.05)。欣普贝生组阴道分娩率明显升高(86.0%vs 60.0%,P0.01),且欣普贝生组用药12h、24h内阴道分娩率亦显著提高(42.0%vs 8.0%,P0.001;64.0%vs 34.0%,P0.01)。欣普贝生组用药至临产、用药至阴道分娩时间明显短于催产素组[(7.4±1.0)h vs(14.2±2.0)h,P0.01;(15.4±1.4)h vs(21.4±1.6)h,P0.01]。欣普贝生组引产失败率、绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率显著降低(2.0%vs 16.0%,P0.05;0 vs 12.0%,P0.05);两组急产、胎儿宫内窘迫、相对性头盆不称发生率无明显统计学差异;两组均无产后出血、新生儿窒息。结论:足月胎膜早破且宫颈条件未成熟的初产孕妇,应用欣普贝生促宫颈成熟安全、有效,且效果优于直接催产素引产,但用药期间应加强母儿监护。     

米索前列醇和缩宫素在胎膜早破足月孕妇中的应用比较

本研究旨在比较在胎膜早破足月孕妇女中应用口服米索前列醇和缩宫素引产 ,其生产方式与子宫收缩力的异同。采用前瞻性的随机研究。研究对象为香港皇家玛丽医院妇产科的 80例胎膜早破的足月孕妇女。进行随机分组 ,一组孕妇每 4 h服用米索前列醇10 0μg直至总剂量达 30 0μg,另一组静脉滴注缩宫素。均在引产前 1h置入子宫内测压仪。比较两组的子宫收缩形式、引产至分娩的间隔、产程时间、分娩方式和新生儿结局。结果 :缩宫素和口服米索前列醇均能在引产后 1h内开始增强子宫收缩力。口服米索前列醇后 6～ 8h子宫收缩强度达峰值且效果持续。使用…     

A comparative randomized study of oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) tablets and intravenous oxytocin in induction of labor in patients with premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks of pregnancy

In a randomized prospective study, we compared the use of intravenous oxytocin with oral PGE2 tablets for stimulation of labor in cases of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) before term, where the onset of spontaneous labor did not occur within the first 3 h. This study represents the first of its kind in which oral PGE2 and oxytocin have been directly compared as oxytocic agents for PROM before 37 weeks. Labor induction was successful in 96% of patients in the PGE2 group compared with 84% in the oxytocin group. The incidence of cesarean section (CS) was 5% and 16% in the PGE2 and the oxytocin groups, respectively. While 10% of the CS were performed due to fetal bradycardia in the oxytocin group, none was performed in the PGE2 group despite the fact that the latter group had relatively lower Bishop scores. The data presented indicate that oral PGE2 is safe and effective in initiating active labor in healthy women at pre-term with PROM. Thus we recommend its use to induce labor 3 h after rupture of membranes before 37 weeks gestation.     

Induction of labor with oral misoprostol for premature rupture of membranes at term in women with unfavorable cervix: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol for labor induction in women with term premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and an unfavorable cervix. METHODS: We randomized 130 women with PROM of < or =4 h to either oral misoprostol, 50 microg, or a placebo given every 4 h for up to three doses. Intravenous oxytocin was initiated if active labor did not begin within 12 h. RESULTS: Sixty-four women received oral misoprostol and 66 received placebo. The PROM-to-delivery interval was shorter with misoprostol than with placebo (13.7+/-5.8 vs. 20.3+/-6.8 h, respectively, P<0.05). Misoprostol significantly reduced the need for oxytocin (28.1 vs. 72.7%, P<0.001) and antibiotics (25 vs. 69.7%, P<0.001). No significant differences in cesarean section or hyperstimulation rate were noted. CONCLUSION: Oral misoprostol given to women with unfavorable cervix soon after term PROM significantly reduces the induction-to-delivery time and the need for oxytocin and antibiotics.     

Premature rupture of the membranes--intervention or not

Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) in otherwise uncomplicated full-term single pregnancies was studied in a prospective randomized study. Ninety-three women were randomized to either induction with oxytocin infusion (n = 43) or expectant management (n = 50). Twenty-four and 26 respectively were nulliparas. In the induction group, all but 3 were delivered within 24 h from PROM. There were 3 vacuum extractions (VE), all in nulliparous women. No cesarean section (CS) was performed. In the expectancy group, 23 of 50 were delivered within 24 h. There were 5 VE and 3 CS in nulliparas and 1 VE and 1 CS in paras. The instrumental actions were mainly due to arrest of 1st or 2nd stage labor. The only clinical infections occurred in nulliparas in the expectancy group. Our conclusion is that parous women with PROM can be treated by either induction or expectancy while in nulliparas, induction after some hours' expectation seems preferable.     

A randomized comparison of oral mifepristone to intravenous oxytocin for labor induction in women with prelabor rupture of membranes beyond 36 weeks' gestation

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the use of oral mifepristone with intravenous oxytocin for labor induction in women with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) at 36 weeks' or greater gestational age. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-five women with spontaneous PROM were randomly assigned to receive orally administered mifepristone or oxytocin infusion. Two hundred milligrams of mifepristone was administered, and subjects were observed for 18 hours, or intravenous oxytocin was administered. RESULTS: Thirty-three women received mifepristone and 32 received oxytocin. The average interval from start of induction to delivery was 1194.1 +/- 568.7 minutes for mifepristone-treated subjects and 770.8 +/- 519.9 minutes for oxytocin-treated subjects ( P = .001, log-transformed data). Of 33 mifepristone-treated subjects and 32 oxytocin-treated subjects, 25 (78.1%) and 17 (51.5%), respectively, achieved successful induction (defined as vaginal delivery within 24 hours) (relative risk [RR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.96, P = .01). There was more fetal distress in the mifepristone-treated group (9 vs 2, RR 4.36, 95% CI 1.02-18.66, P = .02), and a trend toward more cesarean births (7 vs 3, RR 2.26, 95% CI 0.64-7.99, P = .19). Eleven infants of mifepristone-treated women (33.3%) and 3 infants of oxytocin-treated women (9.4%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR 3.56, 95% CI 1.09-11.58, P = .02). CONCLUSION: Oral mifepristone administration 18 hours before oxytocin infusion did not improve labor stimulation in women with PROM near term, and was associated with more adverse fetal outcomes.     

A study of 579 pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes at term

Objective

To determine the best management for women with premature rupture of membranes at term.

Method

In 2008, 579 women admitted to Peking University First Hospital for premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term were allocated to one of 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 292) consisted of those whose labor began spontaneously within 12 hours of PROM; group 2 (n = 234), of those whose labor did not begin within 12 hours of PROM and were induced with oxytocin; and group 3 (n = 53), of those who accepted a cesarean delivery immediately after PROM was diagnosed. The χ² test was used to compare the rates of intrauterine and neonatal infection in these 3 groups.

Results

Compared with the intrauterine and neonatal infection rates for group 1 (3.4% and 13.7%) and group 3 (1.9% and 3.8%), the corresponding rates were higher for group 2 (10.7% and 21.8%) (P < 0.05). In group 2, 76.5% of the women began labor within 24 hours of induction and 92.7% of these within 12 hours.

Conclusion

In women at term, induction should be performed immediately after PROM is diagnosed, as it is likely to fail when labor does not begin within 12 hours of oxytocin administration.     

Management of term patients with premature rupture of membranes and an unfavorable cervix.

The purpose of this prospective investigation was to evaluate a protocol for management of term patients with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and a cervix unfavorable for induction of labor (Bishop score 4 or less). Patients initially were observed for 24 to 36 hours for the spontaneous onset of labor. If spontaneous contractions did not commence, labor was induced with oxytocin. Patients subsequently were divided into three groups: 44 who had spontaneous labor, 29 who had spontaneous labor but required oxytocin augmentation, and 39 women who had oxytocin induction. Patients who entered labor spontaneously had a significantly shorter mean latent period between rupture of membranes and onset of labor (16.0 versus 26.8 and 40.7 hours), shorter mean duration of labor (7.6 versus 12.1 and 13.1 hours), and shorter mean duration of rupture of membranes (23.6 versus 39.0 and 53.8 hours). These women also had a significant decrease in the frequency of chorioamnionitis (7 versus 14 and 33%), and their infants had fewer evaluations for sepsis (25.0 versus 34.5 and 53.8%). We conclude that term patients with PROM and an unfavorable cervix who require oxytocin augmentation or induction of labor are at increased risk for intrapartum and neonatal infection compared with those who progress through labor spontaneously.     

Role of prostaglandin in the management of prelabour rupture of the membranes at term.

OBJECTIVE: To compare conservative versus prostaglandin management of prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) in healthy primigravid women at term. DESIGN: A prospective randomized study. SETTING: Labour Ward, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital. SUBJECTS: 230 primigravidae at terms with PROM, 115 allocated to be treated conservatively and 115 to be managed with prostaglandin treatment. INTERVENTIONS: In the conservatively managed group the women were observed for up to 24 h after hospital admission with PROM. The actively managed group had PGE2 gel (2 mg) instilled into the posterior fornix and if contractions had not commenced, a further dose of PGE2 gel (1 mg) was instilled 6 h later. In both groups, if labour had not established 24 h after admission, intravenous oxytocin was given in escalating doses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PROM to delivery interval, oxytocin augmentation, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal infective morbidity. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the PROM to delivery interval in the women managed actively with PGE2 gel and fewer women in the PGE2 group required oxytocin augmentation (31% vs 51%). The two managements groups were comparable for intrapartum analgesia, antibiotic treatment, babies requiring admission to the special care nursery unit and delivery by caesarean section. CONCLUSION: The early use of prostaglandin is associated with a significant reduction in PROM to delivery interval without a significant increase in infective morbidity or caesarean section rate. However, the advantages of the conservative approach should not be overlooked. More work is still needed in the management of those women where uterine activity fails to establish within 24 h after PROM.     

Management of spontaneous rupture of the membranes in the absence of labor in primigravid women at term

One hundred and thirty-five healthy primigravid women at or near term with spontaneous rupture of the membranes without uterine contractions were submitted to a prospective trial of management. Rupture of the membranes was diagnosed by speculum examination. If labor did not commence, induction was performed by oxytocin infusion starting at 9 AM following admission. One hundred and five women went into labor spontaneously before induction became necessary. Sixty-three of these women required augmentation with oxytocin. Twenty-seven percent of the induced group required cesarean section delivery compared to 10% of those in spontaneous labor augmented by oxytocin and to none of those who did not require oxytocin (p less than 0.01). Ninety-four percent of those in spontaneous labor were delivered vaginally compared to 73% of the induced group (p less than 0.01). Forty-one percent of the augmented group were delivered by forceps. Awaiting the spontaneous onset of labor for 24 hours or less did not result in clinical maternal or neonatal infection. We would therefore advocate awaiting the spontaneous onset of labor after spontaneous rupture of membranes without contractions at or near term in healthy primigravid women for up to 24 hours because it seems to confer significant advantages without producing any additional hazard.