卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术对IVF周期中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后对体外受精（IVF）周期控制性超排卵中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取体外受精．胚胎移植（IVF-ET）助孕且曾在腹腔镜下行卵巢子宫内膜双侧异位囊肿剥除术20例（25周期）患者及32例单侧异位囊肿剥除术（40周期）患者为研究对象,以同期因输卵管因素行IVF助孕的104例（129周期）患者作为对照组,收集卵巢反应性及妊娠结局相关指标,作回顾性病例对照研究。结果：3组在年龄、体质量指数、不孕年限、基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平、促性腺激素（Gn）天数、受精率和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）日雌二醇（E2）水平无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组妊娠率差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,且单侧囊肿剥除组妊娠率最高（50．0％）。双侧囊肿剥除组获卵数、优质胚胎率及可冷冻的胚胎个数分别为[（4．95±3．46）个、（56．0±32．0）％、（1．40±1．96）个],明显低于单侧囊肿剥除组[（9．38±4．62）个、（70．1±20．2）％、（3．45±3．05）个]和输卵管组[（10．37±4．14）个、（85．1±19．9）％、（4．36±3．19）个],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;其Gn总用量也明显高于输卵管组和单侧囊肿剥除组（P〈0．05）。单侧异位囊肿剥除术的手术侧卵巢的获卵数[（3．34±2．92）个]低于未手术侧卵巢[（6．06v2．27）个]（t=5．784,P〈0．01）。结论：卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术可影响IVF周期中卵巢反应性,如导致Gn用量增加,获卵数、优质胚胎数和可冷冻胚胎个数减少,对IVF-ET有一定不良影响,而对IVF妊娠结局无明显影响。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿对体外受精-胚胎移植的影响

目的探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的影响。方法对2002年1月至2006年12月在广州医学院第三附属医院行IVF-ET的120例(148周期)卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者作回顾性分析。120例分别在降调节日和控制性超促排卵(COH)启动日行经阴道超声引导下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿穿刺术,将取卵日仍有卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者46例(55周期)作为观察组,取卵日无卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者74例(93周期)作为对照组。比较两组IVF-ET的结局。结果两组人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)日雌二醇(E2)水平、移植胚胎数相似;观察组受精率[(61.5±23.6)%]、妊娠率(34.5%)稍低于对照组[(69.2±25.0)%,36.6%],但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);观察组获卵数[(8.3±5.2)个]、优质胚胎数[(4.9±3.8)个]明显低于对照组[(10.5±7.6)个,(7.2±4.3)个](P<0.05);促性腺激素(Gn)总量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),取卵时间明显长于对照组(P<0.05)。结论卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿对IVF-ET有一定的不良影响,导致Gn用量增加,取卵时间延长,获卵数和优质胚胎数减少。     

手术剥除子宫内膜异位囊肿对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位囊肿手术剥除与否对IVF-ET结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析接受IVF-ET第1周期治疗的305例患者,分成子宫内膜异位囊肿手术组(A组)、子宫内膜异位囊肿未手术组(B组)和管性不孕对照组(C组),采用长、短方案进行超促排卵,比较3组的IVF结局。结果:无论刺激方案如何,A组平均获卵数低于B组与C组(P≤0.001),而FSH用量高于C组(P<0.001),A组妊娠率低于B组,B组妊娠率低于C组(P<0.05)。B组与C组相比,除FSH用量较高(P<0.001)外,获卵数、总胚胎数、优质胚胎率、可利用胚胎数3组间比较无统计学差异。此外,在A组中,手术侧卵巢平均获卵数低于健侧卵巢(P<0.01),且术侧卵巢未获卵的比例达24%。结论:子宫内膜异位囊肿患者IVF结局不良;手术剥除子宫内膜异位囊肿并不能改善IVF结局,反而降低了卵巢反应性。     

不同处理方案对卵巢子宫内膜异位症患者辅助生殖结局的影响

目的 探讨不同处理方案对卵巢子宫内膜异位症不孕患者辅助生殖结局的影响.方法 对2004年6月至2008年4月就诊于中南大学湘雅医院的153例共180个周期卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并不孕症患者,根据ART超促排卵方案不同分为短方案组、长方案组、超长方案组.再对超长方案组根据处理方式的不同分为穿刺组、手术组、手术+穿刺组.对各组激素水平、Gn用量、使用Gn的天数、获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、种植率及临床妊娠率进行分析.结果 短方案组用药天数为(10.06±2.65)d,少于长方案组(11.60±1.52)d和超长方案组(11.30±1.79)d(P<0.05).超长方案组胚胎种植率及临床妊娠率分别为38.81%和60.61%,均高于短方案组和长方案组(P<0.05);长方案组的胚胎种植率和妊娠率亦高于短方案组(P<0.05).超长方案组内不同处理方式后行ART穿刺组和手术组妊娠率相近,且高于手术+穿刺组(P<0.05).结论 卵巢内膜异位囊肿的不孕患者可先行囊肿穿刺或者行手术剥除治疗,然后再使用超长方案ART治疗可以获得较好的妊娠结局.     

单侧输卵管切除术对体外受精-胚胎移植周期卵巢反应性和结局的影响

目的:研究单侧输卵管切除术对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)周期卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响。方法:以行IVF-ET单侧输卵管切除的106例不孕患者为研究组,同期双侧输卵管梗阻的患者360例为对照组,比较研究组输卵管切除后术侧和健侧超促排卵启动日卵巢的大小和窦卵泡数、hCG注射日卵巢的大小、≥12mm卵泡数和获卵数,同时比较研究组和对照组≥12mm卵泡数、获卵数、受精数、优质胚胎数以及Gn用量、用药天数、妊娠率。结果:研究组中术侧和健侧启动日卵巢的大小无显著性差异,然而超促排卵启动日窦卵泡数、hCG注射日双侧卵巢大小、≥12mm卵泡数和获卵数均有统计学差异。研究组无论是hCG注射日≥12mm卵泡数、获卵数、Gn用量、用药天数,还是受精数、优胚数和妊娠率与对照组比较,均无显著性差异。结论:单侧输卵管切除术降低同侧卵巢的反应性,但总体上不影响卵巢对Gn的反应和IVF-ET妊娠结局。     

卵巢内膜异位囊肿相关性不育IVF疗效观察

目的:为了探讨卵巢囊肿对IVF各个环节的影响。方法:回顾性分析卵巢内膜异位囊肿(≥3cm)患者行IVF治疗时的反应及妊娠结局,并以输卵管相关性不孕患者为对照组进行比较。结果:卵巢囊肿组周期取消率高于对照组(P<0.01),注射hCG日E2浓度、每周期回收胚胎数均低于对照组(P<0.05);组间胚胎种植率、分娩率均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:卵巢囊肿患者卵巢反应差,而子宫内膜容受性可能无改变,分娩率无差异;但卵巢囊肿组周期取消率高,IVF治疗预后不如输卵管因素不育患者。     

不同方式治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的:探讨不同方式治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位症不孕患者对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法:2010年1月至2015年1月在四川省人民医院诊断为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并不孕,接受IVF-ET助孕的患者160例,根据IVF-ET前对子宫内膜异位囊肿治疗方式的不同,将其单盲随机分为手术组80例(开腹组和腹腔镜组)与穿刺组80例,另选80例单纯输卵管因素导致不孕行IVF-ET助孕者为对照组。对各组Gn用量、Gn天数、获卵数、受精率及临床妊娠率等进行分析。结果:手术组平均Gn天数及剂量(14.60±1.54天,39.10±6.66支)高于穿刺组(12.10±1.17天;34.80±6.64支)及对照组(11.70±0.98天;28.80±4.32支)(P0.05),腹腔镜组获卵数少于开腹组(7.30±1.63个vs 9.60±2.73个)(P0.05)。穿刺组临床妊娠率和对照组相近(53.75%vs51.25%),高于手术组(32.50%)(P0.05)。开腹手术组临床妊娠率高于腹腔镜组(45.00%vs20.00%)(P0.05)。结论:IVF-ET前行穿刺治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的患者,IVF-ET助孕促排卵药用量少,临床妊娠率较高。     

不同输卵管手术方式对体外受精-胚胎移植治疗结局的影响

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中不同的输卵管手术方式对治疗结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析长方案超促排卵IVF周期378例输卵管因素不孕患者:双侧输卵管切除58例(A组);双侧输卵管造口45例(B组);双侧输卵管近端结扎+远端造口37例(C组);单侧输卵管整形42例(D组);单侧输卵管切除45例(E组);随机选取单纯双侧输卵管梗阻无积水患者151例作为对照组(F组);比较患者的一般情况、卵巢对促排卵的反应性和临床治疗结局。结果:①基础窦卵泡(bAFC)数、Gn使用总量、Gn用药时间、hCG注射日卵泡数目、获卵数及冷冻胚胎数,A组较其他手术组及对照组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他手术组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组间受精率、优质胚胎率和移植胚胎数均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。B组妊娠率和种植率显著低于其他各组,而异位妊娠率和流产率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。②E组患侧(手术侧)hCG注射日卵巢体积(OVVOL)、卵泡数(直径≥15 mm)和获卵数明显少于健侧卵巢(P<0.05),而D组患侧与健侧上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:双侧输卵管切除术增大了促排卵Gn用量和使用天数,减少了获卵数;但不影响受精率、优质胚胎率及着床率,因而不影响IVF-ET单次临床妊娠率。单侧手术由于健侧输卵管的代偿作用对IVF治疗无明显影响。造口术再次发生输卵管积水风险升高,种植率、妊娠率下降,异位妊娠率和流产率升高。     

输卵管手术对IVF-ET卵巢反应性及妊娠结局影响的研究

目的:探讨输卵管手术对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)过程中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响。方法:接受IVF-ET治疗、符合纳入标准的650例不孕症患者共650个周期。曾因输卵管妊娠或输卵管阻塞、粘连或积水行输卵管切除术或修复整形手术的共304例,其中行输卵管切除术155例(A组),单侧输卵管切除126例(单侧输卵管切除组),双侧输卵管切除29例(双侧输卵管切除组);输卵管修复整形术149例(B组)。同期因输卵管因素不孕或单纯男方因素行IVF-ET者为对照组,346例。检测各组的性激素水平及AFC,比较卵巢反应性及妊娠结局。结果:1A组与对照组相比,低反应发生率增加(P0.05),而B组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2A组与对照组相比,基础促卵泡生成素(b FSH)、b FSH/黄体生成素(b LH)、雌二醇(b E2)水平均明显增高(P0.01,P0.05),B组b E2显著高于对照组(P0.01)。3A组、B组与对照组相比,促性腺激素(Gn)天数延长(P0.01,P0.05)、Gn用量均增加(P0.01),A组Gn天数长于B组(P0.05)。3组间优质胚胎率、正常受精率、临床妊娠率、种植率和流产率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。4单侧输卵管切除患者术侧卵巢与对侧卵巢比较,术侧卵巢的窦卵泡数与获卵数均明显减少(P0.01)。5双侧输卵管切除组与单侧输卵管切除组相比,Gn天数延长,Gn用量增加(P0.01)。结论:输卵管手术会影响卵巢储备功能和卵巢反应性,影响程度与手术范围和手术损伤程度有关,但不会明显影响IVF-ET的结局。     

输卵管切除术对促超排卵周期卵巢反应的影响

目的 探讨输卵管切除术对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)周期促超排卵中卵巢反应的影响。方法对我院2001年1月至2001年12月间91例因异位妊娠切除输卵管的患者(观察组)接受体外受精-胚胎移植治疗时促超排卵中卵巢反应和结局进行分析。91例因男性因素或不明原因行IVF-ET术的患者为对照组。结果两组患者的年龄、促性腺激素用量、内膜厚度、卵泡数、取卵数、胚胎移植数及妊娠率问的差异无显著性。单侧输卵管切除的患者中输卵管切除侧卵巢与对侧卵巢的卵泡数和取卵数间的差异无显著性。双侧输卵管切除术后卵巢总卵泡数和取卵数与对照组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 输卵管切除术对IVF-ET周期中卵巢反应和妊娠率无显著影响。     

Peripheral and Ovarian Steroids in Ovarian Hyperthecosis.

Serum levels of cortisol (F), pregnenolone (delta5-P), 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-delta5-P), progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-P), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), 5alphadihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate (DHEA-S), estrone (E1), and estradiol-17beta (E2) were measure in 2 virilized patients with ovarian hyperthecosis. Daily morning blood samples were obtained for 6 consecutive days. Dexamethasone (Dex) 2 mg/day was administered orally starting after venipuncture on the second day and continued for 5 days. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered intramuscularly on the afternoon of the fourth and fifth days. Following the suppression-stimulation test, both patients underwent abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. At the time of surgery, samples of peripheral and ovarian vein blood were obtained for steroid measurements. Blood samples were also obtained postsurgery to evaluate the effect of ovariectomy on the steroid levels. Of significance were the following observations: 1)Although both patients were eumenorrheic, no corpus luteum or corpus albicans was seen on histologic examination of the ovaries. 2)Of the androgens measured, only peripheral T and DHT were elevated and did not suppress on Dex treatment, but decreased to low levels following ovariectomy, pointing toward the ovary as the source of excess T and DHT. Both patients had elevated T and DHT in the ovarian vein samples. 3)In 1 patient the ovarian vein samples shoed elevated F levels with a significant ovarian-peripheral venous gradient for this steroid, and indication of ovarian secretion of F in this patient. 4)The levels of 17-P were elevated in both patients, did not suppress on Dex, and increased markedly following hCG, suggesting the ovary as the source of excess 17-P. Since A levels were normal and did not increase concomitantly with 17-P levels following hCG, it is likely that the patients had a decreased activity of the ovarian C17-20 desmolase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 17-P to A.     

Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy: Laparoscopic Excision and Ovarian Conservation

Study ObjectiveTo show a case of laparoscopic excision of an ovarian ectopic pregnancy and the technique used.SettingA university hospital (Manchester University Foundation Trust).PatientA 23-year-old primigravida presentation at 6 weeks of gestation with an ectopic pregnancy.InterventionA 23-year-old primigravida presentation at 6 weeks of gestation with a 7-day history of light bleeding and intermittent abdominal pain. The examination was unremarkable, and the serum human chorionic gonadotropin level was 7157 IU/L. An ultrasound scan showed an ectopic pregnancy in the right adnexa, and she underwent surgical management. At laparoscopy, both fallopian tubes were noted to be normal with an ectopic pregnancy within the right ovary; 20 IU argipressin diluted in 80 mL 0.9% sodium hypochlorite was injected between the normal ovarian tissue and the ectopic pregnancy to assist hemostasis and hydrodissection. An ultrasonic device was used to incise the ovarian cortex to identify a plane of dissection between the ectopic pregnancy tissue and the normal ovarian tissue. The ectopic pregnancy was excised with conservation of the ovary. The ovary was subsequently closed with absorbable sutures to ensure hemostasis. The ectopic pregnancy was removed in a bag through a 10-mm incision.Measurements and Main ResultsThe patient made an uneventful recovery. The serum human chorionic gonadotropin level in 7 days was <5, and no further medical management was indicated. Histology confirmed a primary ovarian ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian function was not assessed postoperatively; however, she conceived 6 weeks later with an intrauterine pregnancy.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of considering nontubal ectopic pregnancies when making a diagnosis based on an ultrasound scan. Ovarian preservation with excision of ectopic pregnancy can be achieved using techniques commonly used for ovarian cystectomy. Recourse to oophorectomy should only be considered in the event of acute hemorrhage.     

卵巢及输卵管手术对卵巢反应性的影响

目的:探讨卵巢肿瘤剔除术,输卵管手术对卵巢功能的影响。方法:以曾做卵巢肿瘤剔除术、输卵管妊娠行输卵管手术者为实验组,输卵管阻塞性不孕患者为对照组,回顾性分析两组因不孕行体外受精-胚胎移植患者的卵巢对控制性超排卵的反应。结果:实验组窦卵泡数,hCG日直径≥14mm、<14 mm的卵泡数,取卵数均明显少于对照组,促性腺激素(FSH)用量明显多于对照组;卵巢肿瘤剔除术组hCG日直径≥14 mm的卵泡数、取卵数明显少于输卵管切除术组和输卵管修补组;输卵管切除术组hCG日直径≥14 mm,<14 mm的卵泡数,取卵数均明显少于输卵管修补术组。三实验组术侧卵巢对比,卵巢肿瘤剔除术组除各项参数均明显低于输卵管切除术组及输卵管修补术组。结论:卵巢及输卵管手术均影响卵巢功能,减低卵巢储备能力,手术范围越大,损伤越大。     

Ovarian and oocyte cryopreservation

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present article is an update on progress in the two available techniques of oocyte and ovarian cryopreservation: slow cooling/rapid thawing and vitrification. A new line of research has opened in recent years: freezing the whole ovary with its vascular pedicle, so as to enable vascular grafts limiting ischemia-related follicle reserve loss. RECENT FINDINGS: The technique of mature oocyte vitrification has advanced significantly, with improved oocyte physiology, increased safety, and higher clinical pregnancy rates.The number of studies on whole ovary freezing has grown, and there has been a large-mammal (sheep) live birth by orthotopic graft with vascular anastomosis of a cryopreserved ovary. SUMMARY: Ovarian and oocyte cryopreservation is essential to conserving the fertility of young women. Results of mature oocyte freezing techniques have improved significantly over the past few years, but remain poorer than those with embryo freezing. Mature oocyte vitrification is progressing well, but requires safety validation in view of the high cryoprotectant concentrations used. Ovarian cortex fragment freezing is widely used in patients, with two live births after orthotopic graft, worldwide. The problem of rapid graft exhaustion has led to a focus on whole ovary cryopreservation which has resulted in one live birth in a ewe.     

Ovarian neoplasms and pregnancy

The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of ovarian malignant neoplasms in pregnancy. In the prospective study, during a 2-year period of time, we had the ethical dilemma concerning the conciliar treatment vs the patient's wish to deliver and save the reproductive capabilities. We examined 37 pregnant women; the incidence of ovarian cancer was 13.5% vs 6.5% in other works. Diagnoses were made by ultrasound criteria and physical examinations. Statistically significant results were obtained by Student t test. Mean gestational age was 20.1 weeks and mean age 31.1 years. Treatment depends on the neoplasms type, grade, and presence of the metastatic pathways. In benign neoplasms, we used laparoscopic treatment with minor invasion. Distribution of benign neoplasms was in the same range as that in other works.     

Ovarian cancer and endometriosis

Endometriosis is a relatively common condition found in up to 29% of women undergoing laparotomies. The authors suggest that endometriosis could have undergone malignant change. They propose the criteria used to establish that a malignant tumor has develop in endometriosis: clear evidence of endometriosis should be found close to the tumor, the histopathological appearance should be such that origin of the tumor from endometriosis is plausible, no other primary site should be found. The authors consider that atypical endometriosis possesses a precancerous potential or is most frequently associated with endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas.