阴道高位次全子宫切除术的探讨

目的 :探讨经阴道高位次全子宫切除术的临床实用价值。方法 :对 45例患者行经阴道次全子宫切除术 ,均在子宫峡部上方 1～ 2cm处向下楔行切除宫体。并选择 2 0例经腹次全子宫切除术病例作为对照 ,比较两组手术各项指标。结果 :平均术中出血量 ,平均手术时间两组比较差异无显著性P >0 .0 5 ;肠功能恢复时间研究组较对照组快 (9.2小时vs 30小时 ,P <0 .0 1) ;研究组术后平均住院 4天较对照组短 (8天 ) (P <0 .0 1) ;术后病率研究组 8%,对照组 15 %(P<0 .0 1)。结论 :经阴道高位次全子宫切除术是一种安全、微创的手术 ,有助于改善手术患者的生活质量。     

非脱垂大子宫经阴道子宫全切除术55例临床分析

目的探讨大子宫经阴道子宫全切除术(TVH)的临床效果.方法回顾性分析比较55例大子宫(子宫体积如孕12～16周)经阴道子宫切除术的临床资料,包括手术时间、术中出血量、术中、术后并发症、术后肛门排气时间、术后病率、下床活动时间和术后住院日.并和同期经腹子宫全切除术57例进行比较.结果55例大子宫经阴道子宫全切除术均成功完成,无中转开腹手术者,较腹式子宫全切除术组手术时间长,术后肛门排气时间早,下床活动时间早,术后住院日短,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),术中出血量,术中、术后并发症和术后病率,两组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论大子宫经阴道子宫切除虽然较经腹切除手术时间长,但对患者损伤小,术后恢复快,术后住院时间短.子宫体积增大超过12孕周并非TVH的绝对禁忌证.     

不同手术方式对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者生存及复发的影响

目的 了解不同手术方式对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者术后生存及复发的影响.方法 回顾性分析1986～1996年行手术治疗的Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者110例,根据手术方式不同将其分为3组,行全子宫+双侧附件切除术者为A组(54例);行广泛或次广泛性全子宫切除术者为B组(14例);行全子宫+双侧附件切除(或广泛性全子宫切除或次广泛全子宫切除)+盆腔淋巴结清扫术者为C组(42例),分析3组的生存和复发情况.结果 A、B、C 3组的5年生存率分别为89.5%、90.5%、95.1%,3组间比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05).随诊超过2年的71例中9例复发,复发率为12.7%;9例复发者中7例于3年内复发,其中盆腔局部复发8例,远处转移5例;A、B、C 3组的复发率分别为13.9%、9.1%、12.5%,其中盆腔局部复发率分别为13.9%、9.1%、8.3%,远处转移率分别为2.8%、9.1%、12.5%,分别比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论 手术方式不是影响Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者生存率的主要因素,扩大手术范围或行淋巴结清扫术并不能显著提高患者的生存率.远处转移在术后复发患者中占有相当的比例,辅助治疗时应考虑术后复发的这种特点.     

筋膜内子宫全切术100例分析

目的通过筋膜内子宫全切除术与传统经腹子宫全切除术、次全子宫切除术3种手术方式的比较，探讨筋膜内全子宫切除术的优越性。方法选择同期施行的筋膜内子宫全切除术100例，经腹子宫全切除术120例，次全子宫切除术60例，观察3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后病率及术后恢复情况（住院天数、术后阴道出血、阴道残端息肉）等并进行比较。结果3组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后病率及住院天数方面差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。术后阴道出血，传统的经腹子宫全切除术较筋膜内子宫全切除术、次全子宫切除术略多，但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。筋膜内子宫全切除术残端有小宫颈宴体，无息肉形成，传统的经腹子宫全切除术有9例残端息肉形成。结论筋膜内子宫全切除术取传统经腹子宫全切除术和次全子宫切除术的优点，手术创面小，手术难度降低，不破坏盆底结构，减少术后残端出血及残端肉芽的发生，并且由于切除了宫颈内膜及移行带，消除了次全子宫切除术式发生宫颈残端癌的顾虑。因此，在良性子宫疾病需切除子宫时该术式值得推崇。     

腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术的临床价值.方法将71例因子宫良性疾病需行子宫切除的患者随机分成两组,研究组41例采用腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术(CISH).对照组30例,采用传统腹式全子宫切除术(TAH).结果研究组手术成功40例.两组手术时间比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).两组术中出血量、术后病率及术后恢复等差异有显著性(P＜0.05).两组均无并发症发生.结论腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术具有损伤小、出血少、手术时间短、疼痛轻、康复快等优点.经过手术技术改良,能顺利进行大子宫的切除.是一种较理想的治疗子宫良性疾病的手术方式.     

经腹、经阴道、腹腔镜全子宫切除术临床对比研究

目的 探讨经腹全子宫切除术(TAH)、非脱垂子宫经阴道全子宫切除术(TVH)、腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除术(LAVH)的临床特点及临床价值.方法 对上海市长宁区妇幼保健院2004年7月至2006年12月因子宫良性疾病需行子宫切除术的335例病例进行回顾性分析,其中TAH组118例、TVH组80例、LAVH137例,观察3组手术时间、术中出血情况、术后镇痛、术后病率和住院时间.结果 LAVH组手术时间[(130.6±37.7)min]分别较TVH[(78.9±27.8)min]、TAH组[(88.1±32.4)min]延长(P＜0.01),而后两者差异无统计学意义;LAVH组术后第1天血红蛋白下降[(9.3±7.6)g/L]分别显著高于TAH、TVH组(P＜0.01),后两者差异无统计学意义;TAH组术后镇痛率(63.6%)分别显著高于TVH、LAVH组(P＜0.05),后两者差异无统计学意义;住院时间TVH组[(6.4±1.8)d]与LAVH、TAH组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).3组术后病率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 TVH术式手术时间短、出血少,兼有TAH和LAVH的优点,子宫体积小于4个孕月时可采用该术式.临床应根据不同情况选择不同的子宫切除方式以达到最佳治疗效果.     

非脱垂全子宫切除术后尿失禁发病率及危险因素——7年回顾性队列研究

目的:观察因非脱垂良性疾病行全子宫切除术对患者泌尿功能的长期影响,并探讨术后尿失禁(UI)的发生率及其危险因素。方法:选取2003年1月至2013年1月在北京协和医院因非子宫脱垂良性疾病(术前均无UI及脱垂,术后病理结果证实)行全子宫切除术或非子宫切除术者共560例,其中行全子宫切除术者384例,非子宫切除术者176例(对照组)。分别进行电话问卷随访,通过中文验证版女性下尿路症状国际尿失禁标准问卷(ICIQ-FLUTS)及尿道疾病程度分类问卷(UDI-6)完成术前、术后1年、3年、5年、7年的主观泌尿功能评价调查,观察术前无脱垂或尿失禁患者术后尿失禁的患病情况。结果:264例患者有效完成问卷,其中全子宫切术组164例(62.1%),对照组100例(37.9%)。术后1年时,全子宫切除术组的UI患病率显著高于对照组(P=0.031),而长期随访发现两者并无显著差异(P0.05)。术后1年、3年、5年和7年,全子宫切除组患者的UI患病率分别为8.5%(14/164)、9.7%(10/103)、12.2%(10/82)和16.7%(10/60)。全子宫切术组的压力性尿失禁(SUI)、急迫性尿失禁(UUI)等症状的术后患病率均明显高于对照组;急迫性尿失禁较压力性尿失禁常见。多因素分析发现,多产为UI发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.87,95%CI为1.12~13.33)。结论:全子宫切除术增加术后UI的短期发病风险,以急迫性尿失禁为主,长期尿失禁患病率随随访年限延长逐渐升高,产次为其发病的独立危险因素。     

腹腔镜子宫切除术两种手术方式疗效的比较研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜全子宫切除术(TLH)及腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除术(LAVH)两种手术方式的疗效.方法:160例有全子宫切除手术指征的子宫肌瘤患者分为TLH组(80例)和LAVH组(80例),对比观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间及随访情况.结果:TLH组术中出血量及手术时间均小于LAVH组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而两组术后肛门排气时间及住院时间相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后3个月复查,两组患者阴道残端愈合均良好.结论:两种手术方式均有效、微创.TLH具有术中视野清晰、出血少、手术时间短的优点.应根据患者病情、医生的腹腔镜操作熟练程度及医院的设备等因素综合考虑,为患者提供最佳的手术方案,以达到最好的治疗效果.     

两种保守性手术治疗子宫腺肌病的近远期疗效分析

目的:探讨经腹病灶切除术及子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)两种保守性手术治疗子宫腺肌病的近、远期疗效.方法:选择因子宫腺肌病住院行经腹病灶切除术(A组97例)及UAE(B组89例),随访至术后48个月,资料完整的患者.比较两组术后痛经缓解、Hb水平、子宫体积大小、安全性、总治疗费用等.结果:A、B两组术后6个月痛经缓解率分别为93.3％、91.6％,48个月为76.7％、73.5％;两组与术前比较痛经均明显缓解(P＜0.05),组间术后各时段比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A、B两组术后6个月Hb分别为102.7±26.0g/L、99.6±17.4 g/L,48个月分别为121.6±13.8 g/L、117.4±14.2g/L;与术前比较Hb均明显升高(P＜0.05),组间术后各时段比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后子宫体积与术前比较明显缩小(P＜0.05);A组子宫体积缩小更明显,组间术后各时段比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者术前CA125平均值升高,术后6个月A、B两组CA125降至正常的分别有90例、78例.两组患者术中及术后随访未见严重并发症;术后性激素水平无明显改变.术后受孕时间A组长于B组.B组费用明显高于A组.结论:两种手术治疗子宫腺肌病均有较好的近远期疗效,且安全性好.经腹病灶切除术费用低,具较好的性价比;UAE微创,则为术后短期内有生育要求的患者提供了可能.     

腹腔镜全子宫切除术围手术期预防性抗生素应用与否的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜全子宫切除术围手术期预防性使用抗生素的效果,探讨抗生素的合理应用。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年10月在中日友好医院妇科行择期腹腔镜全子宫切除术者61例,其中32例围手术期不用抗生素(A组),29例围手术期预防性应用抗生素(B组)。结果:患者的总住院天数、术后住院天数、术后最高体温、术后HGB、术后第一天白细胞数、术后白细胞升高比率、术后发热率及术后引流情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后放置腹腔引流管20例,阴道引流管9例,腹腔引流+阴道引流1例;B组腹腔引流22例,阴道引流7例。A组中术后阴道残端出现肉芽或缝线者4例,B组有4例,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组患者中2例发生术后并发症,A组无一例发生术后并发症。结论:腹腔镜全子宫切除手术严格执行无菌操作,减少术中出血,严格止血,围手术期可能不需使用抗生素。     

Does mode of hysterectomy influence micturition and defecation?

OBJECTIVE: Hysterectomy may affect bladder and bowel function. A retrospective study was performed to compare the prevalence of micturition and defecation symptoms between different modes of hysterectomy. METHODS: All pre-operatively asymptomatic patients, with uteral size < or =10 cm, who underwent hysterectomy between 1988 and 1997 were interviewed about the prevalence of micturition and defecation symptoms and the experienced physical and emotional limitations of these symptoms. Using logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) were calculated for all symptoms of which the prevalence between modes of hysterectomy differed more than 10%. These odds ratios were adjusted for differences in other prognostic factors. RESULTS: Vaginal hysterectomy was performed on 68 patients, total abdominal hysterectomy on 109 patients and subtotal abdominal hysterectomy on 50 patients. An increased prevalence of urge incontinence (adjusted OR 1.5 (95% CI 0.8-3.1)) and feeling of incomplete evacuation (adjusted OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.0-4.0)) was observed among patients who had undergone vaginal hysterectomy as compared to patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy. The prevalence of urge incontinence (adjusted OR 1.8 (95% CI 0.8-4.2)) and difficulty emptying the rectum (adjusted OR 1.8 (95% CI 0.7-4.4)) was higher among patients who had undergone vaginal hysterectomy than among patients who had undergone subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. Statistically significant odds ratios were not observed. Relevant differences in physical and emotional limitations related to micturition and defecation symptoms were not observed between groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that technique of hysterectomy may influence the prevalence of micturition and defecation symptoms following hysterectomy.     

Hysterectomy improves quality of life and decreases psychiatric symptoms: a prospective and randomised comparison of total versus subtotal hysterectomy

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a prospective and concurrent evaluation of changes in health status and quality of life and psychological outcome measures over one year in women randomised to total or subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. The concurrent evaluation was the impact of total versus subtotal hysterectomy on bladder, bowel and sexual function. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, double-blind study. SETTING: A large UK Teaching Hospital (St George's Hospital, London) and a large District General Hospital (Mayday University Hospital, Croydon). METHODS. SAMPLE: Two hundred and seventy-nine women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease were randomly allocated to total hysterectomy (n= 146) or subtotal hysterectomy (n= 133). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality of life assessment using the Short-Form-36 health survey (SF-36) and psychological outcome measures using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) before the operation and 6 and 12 months after. RESULTS: Quality of life and psychological symptoms were similar in the two groups at baseline. Following surgery, quality of life improved in six of the eight domains, with no significant difference between the groups, with the exception of emotions which showed a greater improvement in subtotal hysterectomy women between baseline and 12 months. When this difference was examined further by looking at change in the GHQ subscales, there were no significant differences between total and subtotal hysterectomy women in the amount of change in anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms or social dysfunction, between baseline and post-operative measurements. All women showed an improvement in psychological symptoms following both operations. CONCLUSION: Hysterectomy, whether total or subtotal, may improve quality of life and psychological outcome.     

腹腔镜子宫次全切除术中超声刀的应用

目的　探讨超声刀在腹腔镜子宫次全切除术中的应用价值。方法　 2 0 0 2年 1～ 12月在腹腔镜下分别应用超声刀和双极电凝及剪刀进行子宫次全切除术 ,比较术中出血量、手术时间、术后平均住院日及肛门排气时间。结果　超声刀组的平均手术时间、术中平均出血量显著少于双极电凝组 (P <0 0 1) ,术后平均住院日及肛门排气时间在两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　超声刀可应用于妇科腹腔镜子宫次全切除术 ,由于其操作简单、安全可靠 ,值得推广。     

Total versus subtotal hysterectomy: an observational study with one-year follow-up

The aim of this study was to compare total and subtotal abdominal hysterectomy for benign indications, with regard to urinary incontinence, postoperative complications, quality of life (SF-36), constipation, prolapse, satisfaction with sexual life, and pelvic pain at 1-year postoperative. Eighty women chose total and 105 women chose subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. No significant differences were found between the 2 operation methods in any of the outcome measures at 12 months. Fourteen women (15%) from the subtotal abdominal hysterectomy group experienced vaginal bleeding and three women had their cervix removed.     

Subtotal hysterectomy in modern gynecology: A decision analysis

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the risks and benefits of subtotal (supracervical) hysterectomy with those of total hysterectomy in women at low risk for cervical cancer.STUDY DESIGN: A decision analysis was performed. Baseline probabilities for operative and postoperative morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life were established for subtotal and total hysterectomy.RESULTS: Operative complication rates and ranges for total abdominal hysterectomy were infection 3.0% (3.0% to 20.0%), hemorrhage 2.0% (2.0% to 15.4%), and adjacent organ injury 1.0% (0.7% to 2.0%). Those for subtotal hysterectomy were infection 1.4% (1.0% to 5.0%), hemorrhage 2.0% (0.7% to 4.0%), and adjacent organ injury 0.7% (0.6% to 1.0%). Operative mortality, the risk for development of cervicovaginal cancer, and long-term adverse effects on sexual or vesicourethral function were low in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: Recently proposed benefits from subtotal hysterectomy are not well proven. Total hysterectomy remains the procedure of choice for most women. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1186-92.)     

Analysis of 59 cases of emergent peripartum hysterectomies during a 13-year period

Objective The objective was to investigate the incidence, indications, and risk factors of peripartum emergent hysterectomy.Method Fifty-nine cases of emergent peripartum hysterectomy performed at Zeynep Kamil Women and Childrens Education and Research Hospital during a 13-year period between January 1990 and January 2003 were evaluated retrospectively. Emergent peripartum hysterectomy was defined as that performed for haemorrhage unresponsive to other therapeutic interventions within the first 24 h of delivery.Result Emergent peripartum hysterectomy was performed in 59 cases of 234,958 women (25.1/100,000). Total and subtotal hysterectomy was performed in 25 and 34 cases respectively. The rates of emergent peripartum hysterectomy after vaginal and caesarean deliveries were 8.7/100,000 and 104.5/100,000 respectively. Uterine atony was the most frequent indication (62.7%). The rates of emergent peripartum hysterectomy due to uterine atony in primiparous and multiparous women were 61.1 and 65.2% respectively. The rate of maternal mortality was 8% (5 cases).Conclusion Uterine atony was the most common indication for emergent peripartum hysterectomy.     

腹腔镜次全切除肥胖患者子宫188例临床分析

目的:探讨肥胖患者行腹腔镜子宫次全切除术的临床效果。方法:回顾分析在我院行腹腔镜子宫次全切除的肥胖患者188例,并与同期行开腹子宫次全切除的200例肥胖患者进行比较。结果:腹腔镜组术中出血量少、术后体温恢复快、留置尿管时间短、进食早、排气快、下床活动早,住院时间短,与开腹组相比差异有非常显著性(P<0.001);且不增加手术时间(P>0.05),切口愈合良好。结论:腹腔镜子宫次全切除术对肥胖患者是一种安全、有效的手术方式,能体现出微创的优势。     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术与阴式子宫切除术适应证的探讨

目的通过比较腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(LAVH)与阴式子宫切除术(VH)的不同手术适应证及效果,探讨LAVH与VH手术病人的最佳选择。方法回顾性分析上海瑞金医院1999年6月至2002年12月间LAVH与VH手术病例381例,比较两种手术在手术时间、出血量、术后住院日、术中术后并发症及两者的手术适应证,尤其是子宫大小、盆腔粘连等的不同。结果两组手术在术中出血、手术并发症等方面差异无显著性意义,LAVH手术时间较长与患者子宫大、盆腔粘连者多、手术难度大有关。VH组患者均为正常或小于正常大小的子宫、无盆腔粘连、不伴有附件疾病者,手术适应证明显受限制。结论VH与LAVH均为创伤小、恢复快的微创手术,但VH适合于子宫小、无粘连并伴下垂者,而LAVH扩大了VH的适应证,是值得推广的手术。     

Treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding: patient preferences for endometrial ablation, a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device, or hysterectomy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate patient preferences for endometrial ablation and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) as alternatives to hysterectomy in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. DESIGN: Comparative study based on structured interviews. SETTING: A large teaching hospital with 500 beds in the Netherlands. PATIENT(S): Ninety-six patients who were scheduled for endometrial ablation, 25 patients who were scheduled for hysterectomy, and 23 patients who were scheduled for a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD were interviewed. All of the women had dysfunctional uterine bleeding. INTERVENTION(S): Patients were asked to state their most significant complaints and their reasons for choosing a particular treatment. Subsequently, the preference for endometrial ablation and a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD as alternatives to hysterectomy was assessed during a structured interview. Women were informed about the advantages and disadvantages of all three treatment options. Patients rated their preferences according to different hypothetical success rates. The success rates after endometrial ablation and levonorgestrel-releasing IUD were varied until patients found an acceptable treatment outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Patient preference of endometrial ablation and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD over hysterectomy. RESULT(S): The main reason for the treatment of choice differed between the three groups. Most of the patients in the hysterectomy group wanted a definite solution to their problems, whereas patients in the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD group and in the ablation group put greater emphasis on a minimally invasive intervention with or without a short hospital stay. In women undergoing ablation, 70% of the patients preferred this treatment and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD to hysterectomy in cases in which the success rate of noninvasive treatment was presumed to be 50%. In women having a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD inserted, 95% of the patients preferred this approach over hysterectomy in cases in which the success rate of this device was presumed to be 50%, whereas 35% of patients preferred ablation over hysterectomy in cases in which the success rate of ablation was presumed to be 50%. In women undergoing hysterectomy, 30% would have opted for ablation and 45% would have opted for a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD in cases in which success rates were 50%. Of patients who opted for hysterectomy, however, 60% stated that they would have preferred a noninvasive treatment if the success rate of this type of treatment were >80%. CONCLUSION(S): A majority of the patients who had dysfunctional uterine bleeding and who were scheduled for an endometrial ablation or a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD were inclined to take a risk of 50% likelihood of treatment failure to avoid a hysterectomy. As a consequence, research of treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding should focus on this 50% success level.