胎儿先天性心脏病产前超声筛查诊断模式的评价

目的 评价胎儿先天性心脏病产前超声筛查诊断模式.方法 收集2004年2月-2007年5月复旦大学附属妇产科医院产科在孕24周前行产前诊断的11 410例孕妇,应用超声筛查其11 544例胎儿的先天性心脏病发生情况.超声筛查切面包括四腔心切面、流出道切面(包括左室流出道+三血管切面),计算不同切面诊断先天性心脏病的敏感性及特异性,并随访胎儿预后.结果 (1)11 544例胎儿中,筛查出先天性心脏病48例,漏诊6例,先天性心脏病发生率为0.47%(54/11 544).(2)四腔心切面发现胎儿先天性心脏病33例,主要为室间隔缺损18例(其中9例合并锥干异常)、房室瓣膜异常6例及左、右心不对称9例.四腔心切面诊断先天性心脏病的敏感性为61.11%(33/54),特异性为99.98%(11 488/11 490).流出道切面诊断胎儿先天性心脏病15例,包括肺动脉闭锁1例,肺动脉瓣狭窄3例,大血管错位2例,肺动脉狭窄及大血管错位1例,法洛四联症6例,肺动脉狭窄2例.四腔心切面+流出道切面诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的敏感性为B8.89%(48/54),特异性99.98%(11 488/11 490).(3)48例先天性心脏病胎儿中,有11例合并其他器官系统异常,另有11例行羊膜腔穿刺检查胎儿染色体,其中5例为21三体.结论 四腔心切面+流出道切面对胎儿先天性心脏病的产前超声筛查有较高的检出率,此产前超声筛查诊断模式在临床上诊断胎儿先天性心脏病切实可行.     

七切面联合筛查法在孕中晚期胎儿先天性心脏病检查中的应用价值

目的 探讨七切面联合筛查法在孕中晚期胎儿先天性心脏病检查中的可行性和临床价值.方法 2006年9月至2007年2月,在南京医科大学鼓楼临床学院母胎医学中心对妊娠18周以上的2000例单胎孕妇进行胎儿系统结构筛查的同时进行胎儿心脏七切面联合扫查,对先天性心脏病胎儿终止妊娠者进行胎儿尸体心脏解剖;继续妊娠者,于婴儿出生后6个月内进行超声心动图随访.结果 2000例单胎妊娠胎儿中,最终四腔心切面获取率为99.0%,其中左心室流出道、右心室流出道、三血管、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓和上下腔静脉切面的获取率分别为92.5%、90.9%、98.5%、86.8%、84.6%和91.6%.心脏筛查中,脊后位时心脏七切面的获取率均在80%以上.2000例单胎妊娠胎儿中,发现先天性心脏病19例,发生率为0.95%.产前诊断13例(其中误诊1例),漏诊7例,误诊1例,诊断敏感性63.2%、特异性99.9%.结论 七切面联合筛查法在孕中晚期胎儿先天性心脏病检查中切实可行,能在产前诊断出大部分心脏畸形,尤其是心脏复杂畸形.     

二维超声四切面法在胎儿先天性心脏病产前筛查中的价值

目的 评价二维超声四切面法,即四腔心切面、左室流出道切面、右室流出道切面和三血管平面在胎儿先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)筛查中的价值. 方法 应用二维超声四切面法对孕21～25周的2419例胎儿进行CHD筛查,并对所有2382例活产新生儿行超声心动图检查.统计学分析采用x2检验,并计算敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值. 结果 2419例胎儿中产前筛查出CHD共281例(11.62％),其中简单型CHD 245例(87.18％)、复杂型CHD 36例(12.82％).高危因素组和非高危因素组阳性率分别为13.60％(34/250)和11.39％(247/2169),差异无统计学意义(x2=1.069,P=0.301).产前四切面法筛查阳性且新生儿期超声心动图检查诊断CHD 36例,总体敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为12.8％、99.8％、90.0％和89.7％;诊断简单型CHD 7例,敏感性2.9％;复杂型CHD 29例,敏感性80.6％.产后新生儿诊断CHD252例,占活产新生儿总数的10.58％(252/2382),其中简单型241例,复杂型11例. 结论 二维超声产前四切面法对简单型CHD诊断敏感性较低,对复杂型CHD诊断的敏感性较高.在常规产前超声检查中加入心脏四切面法可筛查出大部分的胎儿复杂型CHD,而简单型CHD漏诊率仍较高,新生儿超声心动图普查可弥补产前CHD筛查的不足.     

高危妊娠中孕11～16周应用超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形的价值

目的：探讨高危妊娠中孕11~16周应用超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形的意义。方法：回顾性分析天津市中心妇产科医院与美国费城儿童医院胎儿心脏中心就诊的高危妊娠孕妇668例,于孕11～16周胎儿心脏超声筛查,其中404例采用四腔心切面筛查法,264例采用心脏节段性扫查法。结果：在所有高危妊娠孕妇中,应用四腔心切面筛查法,严重复杂性先心病的检出率为5.7%（23/404）,应用心脏节段性扫查法严重复杂性先心病检出率为9.5%（25/264）,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。胎儿颈部透明层（nuchal translucency,NT）增高与淋巴水囊瘤患者中,应用四腔心切面筛查法,严重复杂性先心病的检出率为2.5%（9/362）,心脏节段性扫查法检出率为10.0%（7/70）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。同一孕期（孕12~14周前）比较,四腔心切面筛查法与心脏节段性扫查法对于严重复杂性先心病的检出率分别为5.9%（21/358）、10.4%（8/77）,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：随着心脏畸形的高危因素如NT值增高、淋巴水囊瘤、胎儿心外畸形等在早期得以越来越多地检出,在同一时间段内应用超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形尤为必要。四腔心切面作为胎儿超声心动图中最重要、最易获得的切面,尤其在早期胎儿心脏体积较小的情况下,对于严重复杂性先心病的检出具有较高的临床应用价值。先心病的早期检出能最大限度减轻对孕妇本身的损害。     

超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏结构异常的诊断价值

目的探讨超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏结构异常诊断的价值.方法2004-01-2005-10江门市妇幼保健院对724例胎儿心脏进行了二维、M型、彩色多普勒血流显像检查.取胎儿四腔心切面,三血管平面,大血管短轴切面,左心室长轴切面,主动脉长轴切面,右室两腔切面等多切面检查.结果724例胎儿超声心动图检查中15例诊断胎儿先天性心脏结构异常,4例伴有多发畸形.13例进行了治疗性引产,其中9例均经尸解证实超声诊断结构,4例拒绝尸解;1例心包积液;1例超声诊断为卵圆孔增大,出生后复查心脏结构未见异常.709例产前超声心动图检查未发现异常者3例于出生后发现先天性心脏病.结论超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏结构异常的诊断具有重要价值.四腔心切面、三血管平面是超声诊断先天性心脏结构异常最重要的切面.     

高危妊娠中孕11～16周应用超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形的价值

目的:探讨高危妊娠中孕11~16周应用超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形的意义。方法:回顾性分析天津市中心妇产科医院与美国费城儿童医院胎儿心脏中心就诊的高危妊娠孕妇668例,于孕11~16周胎儿心脏超声筛查,其中404例采用四腔心切面筛查法,264例采用心脏节段性扫查法。结果:在所有高危妊娠孕妇中,应用四腔心切面筛查法,严重复杂性先心病的检出率为5.7%(23/404),应用心脏节段性扫查法严重复杂性先心病检出率为9.5%(25/264),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。胎儿颈部透明层(nuchal translucency,NT)增高与淋巴水囊瘤患者中,应用四腔心切面筛查法,严重复杂性先心病的检出率为2.5%(9/362),心脏节段性扫查法检出率为10.0%(7/70),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。同一孕期(孕12~14周前)比较,四腔心切面筛查法与心脏节段性扫查法对于严重复杂性先心病的检出率分别为5.9%(21/358)、10.4%(8/77),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:随着心脏畸形的高危因素如NT值增高、淋巴水囊瘤、胎儿心外畸形等在早期得以越来越多地检出,在同一时间段内应用超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形尤为必要。四腔心切面作为胎儿超声心动图中最重要、最易获得的切面,尤其在早期胎儿心脏体积较小的情况下,对于严重复杂性先心病的检出具有较高的临床应用价值。先心病的早期检出能最大限度减轻对孕妇本身的损害。     

胎儿心脏超声Yagel法扫描在产前诊断双胎妊娠胎儿先天性心脏病中的价值

目的探讨胎儿心脏超声Yagel法扫描对双胎妊娠胎儿先天性心脏病的产前诊断价值。方法1103例双胎妊娠孕妇中，有胎儿先天性心脏病的高危病史孕妇127例（高危双胎组），正常双胎妊娠孕妇976例（低危双胎组）。应用超声Yagel法对两组双胎妊娠胎儿进行心脏5个心脏横切面（胎儿腹部胃泡平面、四腔心平面、五腔心平面、三血管气管平面和动脉弓平面）快速扫描，并对诊断为先天性心脏病而引产的胎儿进行尸体解剖，以核对产前超声Yagel法诊断的正确性，同时进行胎儿染色体分析；对未引产或产前诊断未发现明显异常的胎儿进行临床随访，胎儿出生后进行新生儿或婴儿的心脏超声检查，判定产前超声Yagel法诊断的正确性。结果（1）1103例双胎妊娠中，有12例产前发现有先天性心脏病，检出率为1．09％，其中4例（33．3％，4／12）来自高危双胎组，8例（66．7％，8／12）来自低危双胎组。（2）2例双胎为两个胎儿同时患同一种先天性心脏病，其中1例双胎胎儿均为法洛四联症（TOF），另1例双胎两个胎儿均为心脏横纹肌瘤；1例双胎为两个胎儿患不同类型异常，一胎儿为TOF，另一胎儿心脏正常，但十二指肠闭锁。上述3例患者均选择终止妊娠放弃胎儿，尸体解剖结果与产前超声诊断相同。9例双胎仅一胎儿受累为先天性心脏病，另一胎儿正常，均足月分娩或自然早产，其中7例在行新生儿心脏检查时得出的诊断与产前相同。（3）12例中，2例有先天性心脏病的双胎被发现染色体异常。（4）1091例双胎妊娠孕妇产前超声检查未发现胎儿心脏异常，但其中1例双胎中的1个胎儿出生后被诊断为室间隔缺损（VSD），染色体异常（为21三体）。另1个胎儿正常。另1例双胎中的1个胎儿出生后被诊断为动脉导管未闭，另1个胎儿正常。（5）应用超声Yagel法产前诊断双胎先天性心脏病的敏感度为82．4％，特异度为100％。结论心脏超声Yagel法是筛查和诊断双胎妊娠中胎儿先天性心脏病的简单、有效和可靠方法，值得在临床产前诊断中推广应用。     

胎儿心内膜垫缺损的产前诊断及相关因素分析

目的探讨胎儿心内膜垫缺损畸形的产前诊断及相关因素。方法对北京大学人民医院2004年1月~2007年8月产前及产后诊断的先天性心脏畸形中18例心内膜垫缺损胎儿产前超声特征、合并心内、心外其他畸形及与染色体异常的相关性进行分析。结果18例产前诊断的胎儿心内膜垫缺损中,完全性心内膜垫缺损14例(77.8%);不完全性心内膜垫缺损4例(22.2%);合并内心畸形12例(66.7%),心外畸形8例(44.4%),未合并其他畸形2例(11.1%)。产前及产后共行染色体核型分析14例,诊断21-三体2例(14.3%),其余染色体核型正常。结论胎儿心内膜垫缺损畸形易合并心内大血管畸形及心外畸形,与21-三体有一定相关性,妊娠期以四腔心联合左右室流出道切面的心脏超声筛查法具有较高的诊断率,临床应重视单纯表现为心内膜垫缺损胎儿产前染色体检查的必要性。     

二维超声联合四维超声在不同妊娠周期产前筛查胎儿畸形中的应用

目的探析二维超声联合四维超声在不同妊娠周期产前筛查胎儿畸形中的应用效果及价值。方法选取于本院2018年12月~2019年8月行产前检查的160例不同孕周的妇女,均为3个妊娠周期予以检查:孕早期(11~17+6周)、孕中期(18~27+6周)、孕晚期(28~40+6周)。先行二维超声,而后施加四维超声检查予以联合检查,对比分析二维超声检查与二维联合四维超声检查两种手段在不同妊娠周期的筛查精确率。结果二维联合四维超声检查的总检出率为90%,显著高于二维超声检查的50%,差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论二维超声联合四维超声检查诊断胎儿畸形的精确率较高,且孕中期行产前胎儿畸形筛查的效果相对最佳,临床极具推广应用价值。     

超声心动图的四腔心切面产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的价值

目的 探讨超声心动图的四腔心切面（四腔心切面）产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病（先心病）的价值。方法 回顾性分析780例妊娠16-36周通过四腔心切面进行产前诊断是的孕妇及其新生儿的临床资料。结果 780例胎儿中,94.6%,(738/780)的胎儿可以获取满意的四腔心切面,其中3例胎儿异常,1例为三尖瓣下移畸形（Ebstein综合征）,1例为严重的室间隔缺损,1例为单心房单心室和主动脉狭窄,例1和例3分别于出生后行尸体解剖和新生儿超声心动图检查,均符合产前诊断,例2出生后超声心动图检查证实为单心房和单心室,其余777例新生儿中,出生后身体检查并追踪至产后6周,发现3例先心病,其中1例室间隔缺损,1例房间隔缺损,1例房间隔缺伴肺动脉狭窄,四腔心切面诊断胎儿先心病的敏感性为50%,特异性为100%。结论 四腔心切面可以显示胎儿心脏的大部分结构,探测成功率高,对先心病的宫内诊断有较高的敏感性和极高的特性,可将胎儿四腔心切面作为常规的产检查项目。     

Trends in the Prenatal Detection of Major Congenital Heart Disease in Alberta From 2008–2018

ObjectiveThe effect of expanded obstetrical ultrasound cardiac views on the diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been fully examined at a population level. We hypothesized there has been a significant increase in the prenatal detection of CHD in Alberta, particularly for CHD associated with cardiac outflow tract and 3-vessel view abnormalities.MethodsUsing provincial databases, we retrospectively identified all fetuses and infants diagnosed between 2008 and 2018 in Alberta with major CHD requiring surgical intervention within the first postnatal year. We evaluated individual lesions and categorized CHDs into the following groups based on the obstetrical ultrasound cardiac views required for detection: (1) 4-chamber view (e.g., hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Ebstein’s anomaly, single ventricle); (2) outflow tract view (e.g., tetralogy of Fallot, d-transposition, truncus arteriosus); (3) 3-vessel or other non-standard cardiac views (e.g., coarctation, anomalous pulmonary veins); and (4) isolated ventricular septal defects using any view.ResultsOf 1405 cases of major CHD, 814 (58%) were prenatally diagnosed. Over the study period, prenatal detection increased in all groups, with the greatest increase observed for groups 1 and 2 (75%–88%; P = 0.008 and 56%–79%; P = 0.0002, respectively). Although rates of prenatal detection also increased for groups 3 and 4 (27%–43%; P = 0.007 and 13%–30%; P = 0.04, respectively), fewer than half of the cases in each group were detected prenatally, even in more recent years.ConclusionsWhile rates of prenatal detection of CHD have significantly improved during the past decade, many defects with abnormal 3-vessel and non-standard views, as well as isolated ventricular septal defects, still go undetected.     

Outcome for fetuses with prenatally detected congenital heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Outcome for fetuses with prenatally detected congenital heart disease (CHD) and/or cardiac arrhythmias is important for prenatal counseling and perinatal management; however, there exists little literature regarding the outcome for CHD diagnosed in utero in Taiwan. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the outcome for fetuses with CHD and/or cardiac arrhythmias diagnosed prenatally at a tertiary care medical center in Taiwan. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2000, 339 patients referred to the National Taiwan University Hospital for fetal echocardiography were included in this study. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to determine the salient clinical characteristics for all fetuses. RESULTS: CHD was found in 103 fetuses. Gestational age at diagnosis ranged from 17 to 40 weeks; in 37 cases (35.9%) the diagnosis was made before 24 weeks. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 27.8 weeks. Of the 103 cases, 15 fetuses (14.6%) had major extra cardiac malformations and 15 fetuses (14.6%) had chromosomal abnormalities (five had both) and 30 pregnancies (29.1%) were terminated. Of the remaining 73 pregnancies, three (4.1%) of the fetuses died in utero and 28 (38.4%) postnatally, with 42 (57.5%) surviving. The mortality rates were both 60% in cases with extracardiac or chromosomal anomalies. Arrhythmias were identified in 25, and two pregnancies involving hydrops fetalis were terminated. Of the remaining 23 continued pregnancies, two (8.7%) with long QT syndrome expired postnatally. CONCLUSION: Outcome for fetuses with prenatally detected CHD remains poor, with the prognosis negatively influenced by the presence of complex heart defects as well as extracardiac and chromosomal anomalies. However, prognosis is good for fetuses with cardiac arrhythmia, except with long QT syndrome or hydrops fetalis.     

Evaluation of ultrasound diagnosis of fetal anomalies in women with pregestational diabetes: University of Florida experience

Fetal congenital anomalies have become the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes. We evaluated the use of level II ultrasound in predicting congenital anomalies, to determine if the management of pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes would be altered by these findings. We examined 43 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. In this group, 10 newborns (23%) were diagnosed either at birth or later to have an abnormality. Of these, four (9%) were diagnosed by ultrasound. Of the seven cases that were undiagnosed, three women did not undergo the level II examination, two women had lesions undetectable by ultrasound, and in two women cardiac abnormalities were missed. Of the four congenital anomalies that were prenatally diagnosed, the findings influenced the management in three cases. The level II ultrasound used as a screening test had a 67% sensitivity and a 100% specificity, with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 91%. We conclude that high-resolution ultrasound may be used as a screening tool for congenital anomalies in the insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancy. This study also suggests that the use of fetal echocardiography with evaluation of aortic and pulmonary outflow tracts, the arch of the aorta, and ventricular size may be helpful in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac anomalies in the pregnant woman with insulin-dependent diabetes.     

先天性心脏畸形的产前诊断及临床分析

目的探讨先天性心脏畸形的产前诊断及临床意义。方法本研究应用Yagel5个心脏横面和心脏长轴切面进行胎儿心脏扫描，并有效多普勒血流技术、彩色血流、M型超声等超声仪器各项功能技术，对2002至2004年982例先天心脏畸形高危患者进行胎儿心脏全方位检查，并对引产胎儿进行尸体解剖核对产前诊断的正确性，并进行胎儿染色体分析；对产前诊断未发现明显异常的胎儿进行临床随访，胎儿出生后进行新生儿或要儿心脏超声检查，判定产前诊断的正确性。结果（1）982例先天心脏畸形高危患者中，检查发现胎儿心脏结构异常为46例（4．7％）。其中应用单纯四腔心即能诊断的先天性胎儿心脏结构异常为32例，其余14例需同时结合其他心脏检测平面诊断。（2）41例引产胎儿中，32例进行尸体解剖，病理结果与产前超声检查符合率为93．8％（30／32），其中1例患者病理诊断为永存动脉干畸形，产前诊断为法洛四联症；另1例为右心室双流出道畸形，产前诊断为大动脉转位。（3）46例患者中，32例进行胎儿染色体检测，合并染色体异常8例（25．0％）。（4）5例为产前诊断右心系统略大胎儿，分娩后新生儿或要儿心脏超声检查，结果与产前基本相同，表现为单纯右心系统略大，但新生儿和要儿无任何临床症状。（5）936例产前诊断为正常胎儿心脏患者，新生儿或要儿心脏超声检查发现室间隔缺损1例，动脉导管未闭2例，房间隔缺损1例。结论（1）应用本研究方法，以先天心脏畸形高危患者为筛查对象，产前诊断先天性心脏畸形阳性率为4．7％，产前诊断与尸体解剖符合率为93．8％。（2）应用本研究方法可使高危人群产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏畸形的敏感性达92．0％，特异性达99．6％。（3）单纯左右心比例轻中度失调胎儿可能有较好的临床预后。     

Fetal diaphragmatic hernia: the value of fetal echocardiography in the prediction of postnatal outcome

Nineteen pregnancies complicated by fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) referred for fetal echocardiography have been reviewed. Congenital heart disease was diagnosed prenatally in three fetuses; in one of these the pregnancy was terminated, the two other infants died in the neonatal period. The presence of the fetal stomach within the thorax or a hernia/heart area ratio greater than 1.7 was associated with a large diaphragmatic defect. Polyhydramnios was not associated with a poor postnatal outcome. Evidence of cardiac ventricular disproportion before 24 weeks gestation in isolated CDH was associated with 100% mortality. Development of ventricular disproportion during the third trimester was associated with a survival rate of 75%. In three fetuses, all of whom survived, no ventricular disproportion was detected during the third trimester examination.     

Fetal diaphragmatic hernia: the value of fetal echocardiography in the prediction of postnatal outcome

Summary. Nineteen pregnancies complicated by fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) referred for fetal echocardiography have been reviewed. Congenital heart disease was diagnosed prenatally in three fetuses; in one of these the pregnancy was terminated, the two other infants died in the neonatal period. The presence of the fetal stomach within the thorax or a hernia/heart area ratio greater than 1·7 was associated with a large diaphragmatic defect. Polyhydramnios was not associated with a poor postnatal outcome. Evidence of cardiac ventricular disproportion before 24 weeks gestation in isolated CDH was associated with 100% mortality. Development of ventricular disproportion during the third trimester was associated with a survival rate of 75%. In three fetuses, all of whom survived, no ventricular disproportion was detected during the third trimester examination.     

Nuchal translucency measurement and congenital heart defects: modest association in low-risk pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy as a marker for congenital heart defects (CHD) in the fetus in a low-risk obstetric population. METHODS: Nuchal translucency screening was offered over a 3-year period to consecutive pregnant women without known a priori risk factors and attending midwife practices in three different areas in the Netherlands. In chromosomally normal fetuses and infants from the study population the NT measurements were matched with CHD detected either prenatally or postnatally. RESULTS: NT screening was offered to 6132 women with an uptake of 83%. A total of 4876 NT measurements was performed. Pregnancy outcome data were available in 4181 cases (86%). Defects of the heart and great arteries (CHD) were diagnosed in 24 cases (prevalence 5.8/1000). Thirteen of these were classified as major (prevalence 3.1/1000). Two major CHD occurred in fetuses showing an increased NT at the first-trimester scan. The sensitivity of NT measurement > 95th and > 99th percentile for all CHD and for major CHD, was 8% and 15%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios of NT > 95(th) and > 99th percentile for major CHD were 6, 5 and 33, respectively. CONCLUSION: In pregnancies without known risk factors also, an increased NT is associated with major cardiac defects in the fetus and therefore represents an indication for specialized fetal echocardiography. However, this association is too weak to envisage a role for NT measurement as single screening strategy for the prenatal detection of cardiac defects.     

彩色多普勒超声心动图检测胎儿先天性心脏病

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图检测胎儿先天性心脏病 (先心病 )的可行性。　方法　 2 96例胎儿分为两组 :14 2例有高危因素的胎儿 ,15 4例正常妊娠胎儿。应用多普勒测定胎儿心脏各切面 ,并在生后作超声心动随访。　结果　在 14 2例有高危因素的胎儿中 ,发现胎儿先心病 5例 ,其中右心发育不良综合征 1例、法洛四联症 2例、单纯性室间隔缺损 (室缺 ) 2例。漏诊 2例 ,为单纯性室缺1例及房间隔缺损 1例。 15 4例正常妊娠胎儿中未发现先心病。生后超声心动随访或引产尸检结果与产前诊断相符。　结论　彩色多普勒超声心动图在诊断胎儿先心病方面是比较准确和安全的 ,对高危孕妇需加强胎儿先心病的检测