上海市普陀区孕产期卫生服务利用研究

目的了解普陀区本市产妇和外来产妇孕产期卫生服务利用情况,分析孕产期卫生服务利用的影响因素。方法通过对产妇的问卷调查,了解产妇及家庭一般情况、孕产期卫生服务利用情况。数据由Epidata2.1软件建立数据库,使用SPSS11.0软件对录入资料进行统计分析。结果 1、本市、外来产妇在孕产期卫生服务利用方面差异有统计学意义。2、本市、外来产妇在产时、产后卫生服务利用方面差异有统计学意义。3、产妇年龄、丈夫户籍、丈夫文化程度、家庭经济状况是孕产期卫生服务利用的影响因素。结论 1、本市产妇孕产期卫生服务利用情况优于全国其他地区,且近几年有所提高。2、外来产妇孕产期卫生服务利用情况有所改善,但与本市产妇比较仍有明显差距。3、外来、本市产妇在产时卫生服务利用方面存在差异。4、调整卫生服务策略,提高孕产期卫生服务利用。     

Individual Characteristics and Use of Maternal and Child Health Services by Adolescent Mothers in Niger

Despite high rates of early childbearing, maternal mortality, and under-five mortality, little is known about factors that affect access of teenage mothers to maternal and child health (MCH) services in Niger. This paper explores potential factors associated with the utilization of MCH care services by adolescent mothers. Using the third wave of the Niger demographic and health survey (NDHS) 2006, we estimate three multivariate logistic regression models to assess individual characteristics associated with the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and safe delivery care services among adolescent women, as well as full immunization received by children born to adolescent mothers. The analytical sample includes 934 adolescent mothers out of 1,835 respondents aged 15–19, and within this group, 493 mother–child dyads for children aged 12–59 months. Possessing any level of education was found associated with the increased use of all three selected MCH services, while urban residence and higher income were associated with the increased use of two of three MCH services studied. Higher birth order plus a birth interval more than 2 years for the most recent birth appeared associated with the lower probability of antenatal care visits and safe delivery care. This study finds that women who attended at least four ANC visits were more likely to experience safe delivery care, and the children whose mothers had safe delivery care were more likely to receive full immunization. Therefore, an effective program should be designed to promote a continuum of MCH care with special attention to adolescent women who are uneducated, poor and residing in rural areas.     

Has Muslim Got Benefited from the National Health Mission? A Situational Analysis of Maternal Health Services in India

BackgroundIt is a marked recognition that when the population is disaggregated by religion, wide disparities in the utilization of maternal health care services can be observed. The study was aimed to analyze the levels and trends of maternal health services among Muslims in India. The study also delineated the investigation of confounding factors attributed to maternal health services among the selected population.MethodsThe study utilized the data from the third and fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2005–06 and 2015–16 respectively. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to accomplish the study objectives.ResultThere is an increasing trend in the distributional patterns of all three indicators (full ANC, SBA and PNC) during the last two successive surveys. Muslim women belonging to Southern States were seen to be utilizing more maternal health care services as compared to Muslim women in the Northern States. Muslim populated States like Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal were far cry to achieve the MDG-15 target of utilization of 100 percent skilled birth attendants in 2015. Education, media exposure and wealth status appeared to be major confounding factors for determining the utilization of maternal health services.ConclusionThe study revealed that the utilizations of maternal health services among Muslims have progressed during the last decade. It can be concluded that the NHM policy has played an instrumental role in increasing the utilization of maternal health services among Muslims.     

Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services among Married Adolescent Women: Insights from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2008

BackgroundAn ongoing social catastrophe of very poor performance in maternal health coupled with an unacceptably high number of maternal deaths is evident in Nigeria, especially among adolescent women. This study examines the factors associated with selected maternity services—married adolescent women who have had at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits, those who have undergone safe delivery care, and those who received postnatal care within 42 days of delivery.MethodsData from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2008, were used. An eligible sample of 2,434 married adolescent (aged 15–19 years) women was included in the analysis. Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed to fulfill the study objective.ResultsIt was found that about 35% of adolescent women had at least four ANC visits, a little over 25% had undergone safe delivery care, and nearly 32% received postnatal care within 42 days of delivery. Women's education, husband's education, wealth quintile, and region of residence were documented as the most important factors associated with maternal healthcare service utilization. The ANC visit was found to be vital in the utilization of safe delivery and postnatal care.ConclusionFindings indicate that programs to improve maternal healthcare have not succeeded in overcoming the socioeconomic obstacles in the way of adolescents' utilizing maternity services. In the long run, the content and service delivery strategy of maternity programs must be designed in keeping with the socioeconomic context with special attention to adolescent women who are uneducated, poor, and residing in rural areas.     

Contextual Determinants of Maternal Health Care Service Utilization in Nigeria

Despite the high maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria, the use of maternal health care services is very poor. Attempts to explain this situation has focused on individual level factors and the influence of community contextual factors have not received much attention. This study examined the relation of community factors to the use of antenatal care in Nigeria, and explored whether community factors moderated the association between individual characteristics and antenatal care visits. Data were drawn from the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey among 16,005 women aged 15–49 years who had had their last delivery in the five years preceding the survey. Results from multi-level models indicated that living in communities with a high proportion of women who delivered in a health facility was associated with four or more antenatal care visits. Residence in high-poverty communities decreased the likelihood of antenatal care attendance. Living in communities with a high proportion of educated women was not significantly related to antenatal care visits. Community factors acted as moderators of the association between educational attainment and antenatal care attendance. Improvement in antenatal care utilization may therefore be enhanced by targeting poverty reduction programs and increasing health facility delivery in disadvantaged communities.     

Utilization of maternal health care services among indigenous women in Bangladesh: A study on the Mru tribe

Despite startling developments in maternal health care services, use of these services has been disproportionately distributed among different minority groups in Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with the use of these services among the Mru indigenous women in Bangladesh. A total of 374 currently married Mru women were interviewed using convenience sampling from three administrative sub-districts of the Bandarban district from June to August of 2009. Associations were assessed using Chi-square tests, and a binary logistic regression model was employed to explore factors associated with the use of maternal health care services. Among the women surveyed, 30% had ever visited maternal health care services in the Mru community, a very low proportion compared with mainstream society. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that place of residence, religion, school attendance, place of service provided, distance to the service center, and exposure to mass media were factors significantly associated with the use of maternal health care services among Mru women. Considering indigenous socio-cultural beliefs and practices, comprehensive community-based outreach health programs are recommended in the community with a special emphasis on awareness through maternal health education and training packages for the Mru adolescents.     

Do health care reforms in Turkey have a significant effect in equal access to maternal and child health services in Turkey: An evidence from 20 years

This study aimed to investigate whether there was an improvement in the equitable access to maternal and child health care services by examining the effects of socioeconomic and individual factors in Turkey from 1993 to 2013 and determine the effectiveness of health care reforms implemented mainly under the Health Transformation Program since 2003 on equitable access t;o maternal and child health care services in terms of years. The study used nationally representative 5 Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013). Prenatal care utilization rate increased from 67.0% in 1993 to 96.2% in 2013 while the rate of women giving birth at health care facilities increased from 63.8% to 98.1% in 2013. Prenatal care utilization and giving birth at health care facilities were higher among women who were under health insurance coverage, first time mothers, those staying in the western region and urban areas, and those with the highest level of wealth. The findings suggest that the issue of equity in the utilization of maternal and child health care services exists in Turkey, and the latest health care reforms under HTP are not effective in diminishing the effect of wealth.     

中国城乡孕产妇孕前保健服务的利用及影响因素分析

目的了解我国城乡孕产妇孕前保健状况,探讨城乡孕产妇孕前保健服务利用的影响因素。方法采取多阶段随机抽样的方法,对产后42d到产后半年产妇的一般情况和保健服务利用情况进行问卷调查,单因素分析采用检验法,多因素分析采用两分类的Logistic回归分析方法。结果城市及农村孕产妇孕前保健服务利用率分别为67.9%、49.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城市孕产妇孕前保健主要影响因素是年龄、职业、文化程度、配偶身体状况、本人及其家人对产前保健重视程度;农村孕产妇的影响因素是年龄、民族、文化程度、配偶文化程度、有无异常生育史以及本人对产前保健重视程度。结论我国孕产妇孕前保健服务利用率低,城乡孕产妇孕前保健利用状况和影响因素差异较大。建议针对各种影响因素,采取相应措施,以提高孕产妇孕前保健服务利用的整体水平。     

对孕期保健的影响因素调查

摘要l目的探讨不同因素对孕期保健的影响,为社区干预提出相关对策。方法采用回顾性分析的方法对2012年1月-12月在东莞市企石镇医院住院分娩的1021例孕产妇的保健情况进行统计分析。结果孕产妇实施孕期保健者893例,覆盖率为87．4％,保健次数以4～8次最多。不同年龄、户籍、婚姻状况、孕产史的孕期保健次数比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。年龄21～35岁、本市户籍、已婚、怀孕次数2～3次、流产次数少的孕妇,产前检查覆盖率较高。结论年龄、户籍、婚姻状况及孕产史对孕期保健有显著影响。加强对未参加孕期保健孕妇的指导工作,对提高孕妇的自我保健意识、避免不良妊娠、有效降低孕产妇死亡率和新生儿出生缺陷发生率有重要意义。     

The Influence of Proximity of Prenatal Services on Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth

Some studies suggest that prenatal services may decrease the risk of poor fetal growth for full-term infants, but have not examined the influence of the availability of community health and social services. The availability of prenatal services may have a stronger effect among women already at high risk of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. Singleton full-term (37 weeks gestation) California births for 1997–98 (n = 744,736) were geocoded to maternal Census tract of residence. Women were placed into one of three demographic risk groups utilizing combinations of maternal age, marital status, parity, and education. SGA was defined as birthweight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age. Locations of WIC sites, prenatal care providers, and perinatal outreach programs were geocoded. Multilevel logistic regression was used to model the influence of community health care services on SGA, adjusting for additional maternal and community factors. There was no association between SGA and community services available for either high- or low-risk women, in either unadjusted or adjusted models. The addition of maternal prenatal care utilization to models did not change the results. Maternal residence near prenatal services was not associated with SGA, regardless of demographic risk; other community factors may warrant consideration.     

上海市徐汇区孕产保健服务利用公平性及影响因素分析

目的:调查和分析上海市徐汇区户籍和非户籍孕产妇保健服务利用的公平性及其影响因素。方法:在该区13个社区卫生服务中心开展问卷调查,采用率比和率差部分评价两类孕产妇对保健服务利用的公平性,采用Logistic回归分析服务利用的影响因素。结果:户籍和非户籍孕产妇产时服务利用的公平性最好,不公平主要体现在产前保健服务的启动时间和服务利用的质量上。影响孕产妇对保健服务利用的主要因素是户籍、学历和生育保险。结论:改善孕产保健服务公平性的重点应当放在产前保健服务的环节,而生育保险制度的改革对有效推动孕产保健服务利用公平性将发挥积极的作用。     

佛山市某区1岁以下流动儿童保健服务利用与其母亲孕产期保健服务的相关性研究

目的 探讨1岁以下流动儿童保健服务利用与其母亲孕产期保健服务的相关性,为进一步提高流动儿童保健服务利用提出建议。方法 采用横断面调查,选取佛山市某区1岁以下流动儿童母亲579名为对象,对其进行面对面的问卷调查,利用二分类Logistic分析儿童系统管理与其母亲孕产期保健服务利用的相关性。结果 流动儿童保健服务利用现状为:儿童体检率89.1%,儿童系统管理率49.2%;流动儿童母亲孕产期保健服务利用现状为:产前检查率96.0%,孕早期检查率87.5%,≥5次产前检查率61.5%,住院分娩率99.7%,产后访视率37.3%,孕产妇系统管理率22.2%;多因素分析结果显示母亲产后访视、孕产期系统管理分别与儿童系统管理呈正相关(OR=2.017,95%CI=1.339~3.038;OR=1.941,95%CI=1.208~3.119)。结论 流动人口妇幼保健服务全程利用水平相对较低;母亲产后访视和孕产期系统管理是儿童系统管理的促进因素,提示母亲孕产期保健服务利用的改善可能有助于进一步提高儿童保健服务的利用。     

The socio-economic determinants of maternal health care utilization in Turkey

The purpose of this study is to investigate the individual-, household- and community-level factors that affect women's use of maternal health care services in Turkey. The data used for the study come from the 1993 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS), a nationally representative survey of ever married women 15 to 49 years of age. In order to assess the impact of socio-economic factors on maternal health care utilization, we use logistical regression techniques to estimate models of the prenatal care use and birth delivery assistance among women who have had at least one birth in the three years prior to the survey. Separate models are also estimated for urban and rural women. The results indicate that educational attainment, parity level, health insurance coverage, ethnicity, household wealth and geographic region are statistically significant factors that affect the use of health care services thought essential to reduce infant and child mortality rates. The results of the model are used to provide insights for both micro- and macro-level planning of maternal health service delivery.     

Impact of social factors on health status and help seeking behavior among migrants and Germans

Several studies show significant differences between Germans and migrants in health status, help-seeking behavior and utilization of health care facilities. Social factors are potential determinants partially explaining these differences. The main objective of the present cross-sectional study is to study the impact of social factors on health status and health care utilization including preventive services among Germans and migrants in the German health care system. A survey was conducted among 565 adults (mostly parents; 49% migrants, 51% Germans) accompanying their children at the compulsory medical school entry examination. The survey aimed at the self-reported health status of the adults, the help-seeking behavior, social and demographic variables as well as factors describing the ethnic background and the process of migration. As a result we found a statistically significant lower level of health care utilization for migrants compared to Germans whereas the self-reported health status was similar between Germans and migrants and not dependant on social factors. Social factors accounted for differences in health care utilization including the use of preventive services among both groups (Germans and migrants). Despite the ethnic background, a low social class was significantly associated with a decreased use of health care facilities among Germans and migrants compared to adults from a high social class. Further studies are needed to identify certain obstacles to utilizing the German health care system by adults from a low social class. Public health interventions could be suitable for addressing these difficulties.     

非户籍妇女孕产期保健服务利用影响因素的定性研究

目的:了解非户籍妇女孕产期保健服务利用状况,并分析其影响因素,为研究孕产期保健服务的可及性和公平性提供依据。方法:通过个别深入访谈的方法,选择在上海市南汇区分娩的非户籍人口孕产妇进行调查。结果:非户籍妇女孕产期保健服务利用不足。社会经济地位、本人及她人既往分娩经历、妇女的角色与孩子的性别均不同程度影响非户籍妇女的孕产期保健服务利用。结论:应针对非户籍妇女进行形式多样的孕产期保健宣传教育,包括其家庭成员的教育,在城市建立流动人口平产分娩点对非户籍妇女孕产期保健具有积极意义,政府应支持多部门协作,对非户籍人口实行综合管理,同时在财政上予以支持。     

流动人口特约分娩点孕产妇保健状况调查

目的:了解流动人口特约分娩点孕产妇保健状况,为进一步完善流动人口孕产妇保健管理提供依据。方法:以2005年1~12月在上海市南汇区新场社区卫生服务中心分娩的所有流动人口孕产妇为研究对象,收集病史资料和流动人口分娩登记表信息,对1152例流动孕产妇构成、产前检查次数、分娩方式及分娩费用等进行分析。结果:没有做过产前检查或只有1次产前检查的流动孕产妇占60%,产前检查次数与产次有关(P<0.0001),流动孕产妇剖宫产组平均住院费用为3 387元,阴道分娩组平均住院费用为1105元,结论:流动人口妇女孕产期保健服务利用率低,住院分娩费用相对其收入仍偏高,需要加强对流动人口孕产期保健知识的宣传,降低经济负担,为更多的孕产妇提供限价服务。     

Barriers to the utilization of maternal health care in rural Mali

This study used data from the 2001 Demographic and Health Survey and multilevel logistic regression models to examine area- and individual-level barriers to the utilization of maternal health services in rural Mali. The analysis highlights a range of area-level influences on the use made of maternal health services. While the dearth of health facilities was a barrier to receipt of prenatal care in the first trimester, transportation barriers were more important for four or more prenatal visits, and distance barriers for delivery assistance by trained medical personnel and institutional delivery. Women's odds of utilizing maternal health services were strongly influenced by the practices of others in their areas of residence and by living in close proximity to people with secondary or higher education. Household poverty and personal problems were negatively related to all outcomes considered. The results highlight the importance of antenatal care and counseling about pregnancy complications for increasing the likelihood of appropriate delivery care, particularly among women living 15-29 km from a health facility. Area-level factors explained a greater proportion of the variation in delivery care than in prenatal care However, significant area variation in the utilization of maternal health services remained unexplained.     

基层医疗保健机构孕产妇保健服务利用现状与相关因素分析

目的 探究影响孕产妇利用保健服务的相关因素,并结合地区实际,提出了相关建议和措施.方法 对在我院进行保健服务的1558名孕产妇进行调查分析,结合实际情况用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行系统分析.结果 文化程度、家庭年收入水平、居住地距离、职业和医保等因素对孕产妇保健服务利用影响较大;同时,在1 558名受访者中,接受孕前保健指导的比率相对较低,早孕检查、5次以上产检率和住院分娩率结果相对较高,说明近几年来孕产妇对保健服务利用的意识有所提高,但产后访视比例仅为21.76％,比例较低.结论 针对当前现状,研究认为,个人、基层医疗保健机构及卫生管理部门等各方应当分别在提高认识水平、提高服务水平及加强基层系统建设等方面进行改善,以提高孕产妇保健服务的利用,提高优生优育水平.     

孕产妇保健服务利用现状调查

目的了解中国孕产妇保健服务需求和利用现状,探讨影响孕产妇保健服务利用的主要因素。方法应用自行设计的调查问卷对2009年7-12月间分娩的1 945名妇女进行调查,并对孕产妇保健服务利用的影响因素进行分析。结果孕早期系统保健管理卡建卡率为49.77%,产前保健指导率为82.98%,产后保健指导率为52.75%,产前检查率为99.33%,产前检查5次率为74.24%,住院分娩率为98.61%,产后访视率为42.21%,产后访视3次率为9.51%;影响孕产妇保健服务利用的因素主要有孕产妇年龄、职业、文化程度、就医距离、活产生育数、居住地以及婚姻状况等。结论孕产妇首次产前检查时间滞后,产后访视率低,孕产妇的孕期保健服务有待加强。     

上海市徐汇区流动人口孕产妇保健研究

目的：了解城市外来人口孕产妇保健状况。方法：调查上海两医院１９９５年１月～１９９７年２月的分娩病历,并以问卷形式调查来医院分娩的产妇。结果：外来孕产妇及新生儿健康状况明显差于本地人,主要原因是缺少合理的产前保健。文化程度、妇幼保健知识及经济收入是影响是否接受孕产期保健的因素。结论：在加强健康教育和文化教育,促进外来孕产妇主动积极地接受孕产期保健的同时,也要从保健制度方面作些改革,以减少外来孕产妇接受孕产期保健的困难和阻力。