16例有机磷农药工人的神经肌电图研究

本文对16例从事有机磷衣药生产的工人,进行了神经肌电图检查,发现5例小指外展肌小力收缩时运动单位平均时限延长,正中神经运动传导速度、正中神经远端运动潜伏期及尺神经动作电位波幅较对照组有明显差异,7例神经重复电刺激未见波幅降低。9例神经肌电图显示有神经原性损害。     

312名接铅作业人员感觉神经传导功能调查与分析

根据血铅值将312名接铅作业人员分组后进行感觉神经传导功能检查。各剂量组正中神经末端潜伏期和波幅之间差异有统计学意义,感觉传导速度之间差异无统计学意义。尺神经各组末端潜伏期、波幅、感觉传导速度之间差异无统计学意义。工人的血铅值超出正常参考值时,正中神经感觉神经传导的末端潜伏期明显延长,波幅降低。提示正中神经的感觉神经末端潜伏期和波幅指标可作为接铅作业人员神经系统早期损伤的最敏感客观指标。     

职业性慢性正己烷14例中毒患者神经-肌电图的初步观察

目的观察正己烷中毒患者的临床及神经-肌电图的变化。方法对病例组14例及对照组10例作神经-肌电图检查,并进行对比分析。结果14例患者神经传导速度检查结果与对照组相比,各条神经的运动神经传导速度（MCV）和感觉神经传导速度（SCV）均显著减慢（P〈0.01）,大部分周围神经远端潜伏期延长;肌电图检查显示,放松时部分病例出现纤颤电位或正锐电位,肌肉大力收缩时,部分病例出现单纯相或混合相。结论职业性慢性正己烷中毒患者神经-肌电图表现为周围神经MCV及SCV的显著减慢,远端潜伏期的延长,部分病例肌电图表现为失神经支配。临床表现为四肢末端周围神经损害表现。     

27例运动神经元病患者临床和肌电图分析

目的应用肌电图早期诊断运动神经元病。方法测定运动神经传导速度、感觉神经传导速度：大龟际肌、小鱼际肌、胫前肌、胸锁乳突肌、椎旁肌、腹直肌、咀嚼肌等肌肉进行插入电位、静止、轻收缩和大力收缩状态观察,并计算出每个运动单位的时限、波幅及多相波的百分比。结果运动神经传导速度及波幅多数异常,感觉传导速度波幅基本在正常范围,肌电图表现为插入电位出现自发电位、纤颤电位,轻度收缩时运动单位电位明显减少,并出现较多巨大电位,重度肌收缩时呈混合相或单纯相。结论神经肌电图检查提高运动神经元病早期诊断,使患者得到及时治疗。     

铅引起周围神经障碍的诊断

近年来周围神经传导速度的减慢,被看作是职业性接触铅的危险效应之一。国际上也十分关注低血铅水平(40～60 μg/dl)发生的亚临床周围神经障碍。一、铅引起临床周围神经障碍铅引起临床周围神经障碍时最典型的是前臂伸肌麻痹(垂腕)。肌电图检查时可见较多的神经原性肌电图改变(安静时出现纤颤波、肌收缩时运动单位数量减少、电位平均时限延长等)。Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz等人报道10名伴有神经症状的铅中毒患者,均有明显的神     

20名手传振动作业工人的神经肌电图分析

目的探讨手传振动对作业工人周围神经的损害情况。方法对20名从事手传振动作业工人和30名无接触职业危害的健康成人进行神经肌电图检查分析。结果①MCV检测结果显示正中神经运动传导远端潜伏期延长（占85．0％）、MCV减慢（占35．0％）（P〈0．01）;②SCV捡测结果显示正中神经SCV减慢（占40．0％）、尺神经SCV减慢（占30．0％）（P〈0．01）;③肌电图检查结果表现为小力收缩时多相电位增多（占42．5％）及安静时出现纤颤电位（占15．0％）（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论振动对作业工人周围神经损伤明显,神经肌电图检查最早表现为正中神经运动传导远端潜伏期延长,随着损伤加重,进一步出现神经传导速度减慢,运动和感觉同时受累。     

职业性铅接触工人神经肌电图分析

通过对１４０名铅作业工人神经系统检查和神经肌电图检查，发现虽临床上周围神经病表现不明显，但神经肌电图检查已发现神经传导速度减慢，末端潜伏期延长，且末端潜伏期的异常率显著高于传导速度异常率；肌电图改变符合神经源性损害。提示当前生产条件下铅作业工人存在着亚临床周围神经病的证据，其损害特点符合远端型轴索病。     

职业接触1-溴丙烷对神经系统的影响

选取山东和广东两省的7家生产或使用1-溴丙烷(1-BP)企业共计85名工人作为接触组,同时选取同企业91名行政办公人员作为对照组,对临床资料、触觉延迟检查和神经-肌电图等结果进行分析。检查发现双脚震动觉延迟时间接触组和对照组差异有统计学意义,双下肢延迟时间较对照组延长(P=0.000)。两组运动神经传导速度检测可见正中神经末端潜伏期(DML)、传导速度(MCV)、胫后神经末端潜伏期(DML)差异有统计学意义(P0.05),正中神经感觉传导速度(SCV)差异有统计学意义。职业接触1-BP可引起工人神经症状、震动觉和神经-肌电图的改变,我国l-BP接触工人作业环境整体情况不容乐观。     

职业性慢性正己烷中毒患者神经肌电图表现特点

目的分析职业性慢性正己烷中毒患者神经肌电图表现特点。方法以2016年1月至2019年10月本院诊断的职业性慢性正己烷中毒患者32例为研究对象。检查患者神经传导功能,具体包括双侧尺神经、正中神经、腓总神经的下肢运动神经传导速度、远端运动潜伏期、下肢感觉神经传导速度、感觉神经动作电位波幅。同时进行肌电图检查,包括肌肉安静状态下自发电位,最小用力收缩时的动作电位(MUAP)。结果尺神经和腓总神经的传导速度、右侧尺神经远端运动潜伏期在各组患者间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);尺神经以及左侧正中神经的感觉神经传导速度、感觉神经动作电位波幅在各组患者间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。检查的72块肌肉中17块(23.61%)存在MUAP时限延长,肌肉安静状态下有38块(52.77%)存在动作电位,最小用力收缩时9块(12.50%)未引出MUAP。结论职业性慢性正己烷中毒的神经肌电图表现为感觉和运动混合型损害,同时存在神经脱髓鞘和轴索损害。     

溶剂汽油中毒患者精神与神经肌电图异常分析

目的 观察慢性轻度溶剂汽油中毒患者精神与神经肌电图的改变.方法 采用精神科SCL-90症状白评量表与神经肌电图检查,对慢性轻度溶剂汽油中毒患者治疗前和治疗3月后进行评定、分析各指标的变化规律.结果 SCL-90症状量表评定:治疗前躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9组因子分均升高,与国内常模比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗后除人际关系、敌对、恐怖外其他因子分均降低,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).神经肌电图检查:所检24块肌肉静息自发电位(纤颤)治疗前(-～+++),治疗后(-～+);治疗前轻收缩时左、右胫前肌运动单位电佗时限延长,重收缩时左、右胫前肌及右拇短展肌波幅增高,治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).神经肌电图检查:治疗前正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、胫神经运动传导速度减慢,远端潜伏期延长,近端诱发电位波幅下降,治疗前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).治疗前腓肠神经感觉传导速度为(26.02±7.19)m/s,与正常参考值比较,差异有统汁学意义(P<0.01);治疗后腓肠神绛感觉传导速度为(37.00±8.97)m/s,与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05).正中神经、尺神经感觉传导速度与正常参考值、治疗后比较,差异尢统计学意义(P0.05).结论 职业性慢性轻度溶剂汽油中毒患者精神及运动神经传导速度改变明显,精神量表和神经肌电图检查对患者的诊断、病情的动态观察有重要价值.     

Lead

The degree of lead poisoning in wild rats from two environments has been studied. Wild rats captured in an urban area had markedly elevated tissue lead compared with values in rural rats. This elevation may have been caused by differences in factors affecting absorption of ingested lead or an elevated respiratory exposure to airborne lead, or both, and lead in precipitated dust.

Changes in several biologic indexes (depression of Δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase in kidney and red blood cells, presence of renal intranuclear inclusion bodies, and increased kidney weight) confirmed lead-poisoning in urban rats.     

铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和血常规检测结果分析

目的比较铅作业工人和非铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和血红蛋白浓度的差异。了解长期低铅作业工人的健康状况。方法对2009年天津市某蓄电池厂400例铅作业工人和120例非铅作业工人分别进行血铅、尿铅和血红蛋白浓度的测定,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果铅作业组血红蛋白浓度低于非铅作业组。而血铅、尿铅浓度均显著高于非铅作业组（P〈0.01）。并且血铅和血红蛋白浓度间呈负相关性（r=-0.442）,尿铅与血铅和血红蛋白间的相关性均不理想（r值分别为-0.026和-0.018）。结论长期低铅作业可导致人体血铅尿铅升高,血红蛋白降低,但尿铅浓度波动大,且影响因素多,不能精确反映体内铅积蓄量,结果与其他指标的相关性较差。     

Blood Lead and Haemoglobin in Lead Absorption

In an analysis of blood lead and haemoglobin estimations from 655 lead workers, there was no indication of any change in the haemoglobin until the blood lead exceeded 110 μg./100 ml.; the slight fall at higher levels of blood lead was not significant at the 5% level of confidence.

Sixty-seven men who had blood leads greater than 90 μg./100 ml. were examined clinically. One had a low haemoglobin but none had symptoms or signs that were likely to be due to lead absorption. A further 18 men had haemoglobins of 89% (13 g./100 ml.) or less. None was thought to be low due to lead absorption.

The absence of symptoms, signs, and low haemoglobins in association with relatively high blood leads is unlikely to be due to errors in blood lead or haemoglobin estimation. Alternative possibilities are that there were no susceptible workers among those studied; or that the stable conditions of exposure in this population allowed the development of relatively high blood leads without other evidence of high lead absorption.

When the haemoglobin is abnormal, blood lead observations may be more meaningful if a correction factor, approximately equal to [Formula: see text] is used.

It is concluded that in a population where sophisticated lead control is practised no purpose is served by estimating haemoglobins in all lead workers every three months, but only in those whose blood lead is likely to be in excess of 110 μg./100 ml. It may also be of value in the first year of exposure to detect susceptible workers.

     

某铅冶炼厂周围环境铅污染调查

目的了解X铅冶炼厂对周围环境的污染程度,摸清环境污染现状。方法对厂址周围农田土壤、底泥、水质、环境空气、院落尘土、固废、农作物的铅进行监测分析。结果农灌井水中铅浓度最高为3.1mg/L,超标30.0倍;鱼塘水中铅浓度为0.07mg/L,超标0.40倍;鱼塘底泥中铅含量为1101.5mg/kg,超标0.10倍;河流底泥中铅含量最高为7400.0mg/kg,超标6.40倍;调查区域内的农田土壤样品中铅含量范围为47.0～287.9mg/kg,X铅冶炼厂周围400m范围内农田土壤中铅含量平均值为195.0mg/kg,超过对照点均值(34.4mg/kg)160.6mg/kg,调查区域内的农田土壤受到了不同程度的铅污染,距厂址越近、下风向的农田土壤铅污染越严重。结论X铅冶炼厂对周围环境造成了不同程度的铅污染,是造成部分群众血铅超标的主要污染源。     

Roadside Lead Contamination in the Missouri Lead Belt

The lead content of soils and vegetation along highways used for truck transport of lead concentrate (essentially lead sulfide) from mines and mills to smelters, was compared with that of control routes with comparable amounts of traffic but no ore transport.

Greatly elevated levels of lead were present in soils and vegetation along rights-of-way of ore truck routes. Contamination was limited for the most part to 100 yards or less.

This dispersal of lead into the environment could be prevented largely by use of tight covers on the ore vats of the trucks. This is a case of needless contamination of our environment with a toxic substance that can have serious health implications for man and other animal life.     

Lead toxicity

Lead is one of the oldest known and most widely studied occupational and environmental toxins. Despite intensive study, there is still vigorous debate about the toxic effects of lead, both from low-level exposure in the general population owing to environmental pollution and historic use of lead in paint and plumbing and from exposure in the occupational setting. The majority of industries historically associated with high lead exposure have made dramatic advances in their control of occupational exposure. However, cases of unacceptably high exposure and even of frank lead poisoning are still seen, predominantly in the demolition and tank cleaning industries. Nevertheless, in most industries blood lead levels have declined below levels at which signs or symptoms are seen and the current focus of attention is on the subclinical effects of exposure. The significance of some of these effects for the overt health of the workers is often the subject of debate. Inevitably there is pressure to reduce lead exposure in the general population and in working environments, but any legislation must be based on a genuine scientific evaluation of the available evidence.