杭白菊重金属、有机氯农药残留分析

目的:对杭白菊药材中铅、镉、铜含量、有机氯农药残留量进行测定与分析,以了解杭白菊药材的卫生学品质.方法:采用火焰原子吸收光度法测定铅、镉、铜含量,气相色谱法测定有机氯农药六六六、滴滴涕和五氯硝基苯残留量.结果:杭白菊药材中检出铅、镉、铜,含量分别为1.3365,0.2831和3.7067 mg/kg;检出滴滴涕和五氯硝基苯,含量分别为5.434和1.030 ng/g.结论:杭白菊检出一定量的有害重金属、滴滴涕和五氯硝基苯,但含量均较低,未超出国家限量标准,符合<药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准>的有关规定.     

柳州市市售中药材中重金属含量分析及评价

目的:了解柳州市市售中药材中铅镉砷污染状况。方法:选择各大药店及药材市场7种中药(板蓝根、黄芪、甘草、党参、黄莲、地黄、白芍),按照《中国药典》2010年版对样品进行测定,采用《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》的重金属限量值评价样品重金属污染状况。结果:在7种中药材粉剂样品中,共检测35份,铅镉砷总体合格率为60%,其中铅含量超标样品6份,样品超标率为17.1%,铅单项污染指数值大小顺序为:黄芪白芍黄莲党参地黄甘草板蓝根,其中黄芪、白芍、黄莲、党参4种中药材,铅污染水平为警戒线水平;镉含量超标样品9份,超标率为26.0%;镉单项污染指数值大小顺序为:党参地黄黄芪白芍黄莲板蓝根甘草,其中黄芪、党参、地黄3种中药材,镉污染水平为轻污染;35件中药材样品中砷含量全部符合行业标准,无超标样品。结论:柳州市市售中药材粉剂中存在一定程度的重金属污染,有必要对中药材中的重金属含量进行更加严格的控制。     

黔产艾纳香药材重金属及有机氯农药残留测试研究

目的:对黔南地产艾纳香药材有害元素及有机氯农药残留进行考察,为建立艾纳香药材质量控制新标准提供科学依据。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度法及气相色谱法对黔产10个样品进行定量检测。结果:参照《中国药典》2010年版一部收载的甘草药材项下,部分艾纳香药材重金属超标。结论:根据本实验和以往本课题组研究结果,可为建立健全黔产艾纳香药材的质量控制标准提供新的技术平台和科学依据。     

天水市无公害蔬菜安全性评价

目的全面掌握天水市售蔬菜与无公害蔬菜的安全状况。方法连续三年,按照国家标准,分三个市场监测共检测3类14种432份蔬菜;同时配合无公害蔬菜生产监测10批蔬菜224份无公害样品。结果发现市售蔬菜农药阳性检出率平均为70.8%,超标率平均为19.7%:其中叶菜和根茎类蔬菜有机磷农药污染较严重,而且国家禁用农药甲拌磷的检出率为3.7%,最大残留量高达31.97 mg/kg。硝酸盐超标率为31.25%;最高超标4.75倍。14种市售蔬菜中个别样品铅含量已超过国家标准5倍以上,镉含量超过国家允许含量35倍以上;14种市售蔬菜农药残留、杀菌剂、硝酸盐及重金属含量均有检出。而10批蔬菜224份无公害蔬菜,检测结果100%达到无公害蔬菜安全的要求。建议加强对市场的监督管理,同时指导无公害蔬菜生产者合理正确地使用农药。     

福建省南平市姬松茸中重金属含量及二氧化硫残留量调查与膳食风险评估

目的 调查福建省南平市市售姬松茸中铅、镉、总砷、总汞含量和二氧化硫残留量，并对其进行膳食风险评估。方法 采集南平市市售干姬松茸样品和生产环节的鲜姬松茸样品以及干制品共计55份，按照国家标准方法测定铅、镉、总砷、总汞及二氧化硫残留量，根据相关限量标准对指标进行评价，同时通过目标危害系数法进行膳食风险评估。结果 20份鲜样各项结果均符合相关标准；35份干制品中重金属含量超标8份，超标率22.9%，其中铅和镉含量符合标准，总砷超标率20.0%，总汞超标率2.9%，未出现两种元素同时超标情况；16份干制品二氧化硫残留量超标，超标率45.7%。结论 闽北地区姬松茸存在总砷、总汞超标，总砷和镉具有一定的膳食摄入风险，干制品二氧化硫残留超标率较高。建议生产者在种植时改善生产技术降低姬松茸重金属含量，加工时规范使用添加剂，并建议职能部门加强监管。     

福建省宁德市食品中有害因子监测及结果分析

目的了解宁德市市售食品有害因子中重金属、农药残留的污染现状,为制定合理有效的控制措施提供科学依据。方法从宁德市超市、农贸市场、餐饮单位等采集各类食品,依据国家标准方法,监测重金属、农药残留的污染情况。结果对采集的90份各类食品样品进行了重金属铅、镉、汞含量的检测,其中铅超标11份,镉超标1份,汞无超标样品;对60份市售新鲜蔬菜样品进行农药残留的检测,其中氨基甲酸酯类超标13份,菊酯类超标1份,有机磷超标2份。结论宁德市市售食品中重金属铅污染较严重,新鲜蔬菜中农药残留氨基甲酸酯类污染较严重,建议有关部门进一步加大监管力度,控制污染,以保证食品的安全。     

2010年潍坊市市售食品中重金属污染情况调查

目的了解潍坊市区出售的食品中重金属污染情况,以便采取相应的预防策略。方法采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光度法测定食品样品中的铅、镉、砷、汞含量。结果全年共采集各类食品共461份,其中检测铅含量样品461份,超标5份,超标率1.1%;检测镉含量样品351份,超标14份,超标率4.0%;检测砷含量样品328份,超标4份,超标率1.2%;检测汞含量样品221份,超标9份,超标率4.1%。结论潍坊市食品中重金属污染总体情况不严重,但部分种类仍存在一定程度重金属含量超标的情况,需要引起重视。     

肉品中六六六、滴滴涕残留量的研究

<正> 由于有机氯农药脂溶性特点,动物性食品中该类农药残留允许限度以脂肪中该类物质的浓度表示。我们两次残留量调查结果表明各类肉品中有机氯农药残留量由于动物种类和饲料来源不同,其残留量变动极大,且低脂肪肉品中有机氯农药残留量如以脂肪中农药浓度来表示,常出现不合理现象。如两份猪肉样品,一份脂肪含量     

广州市售穿心莲中4种重金属元素含量分析及其健康风险评估

目的:建立6个不同药店穿心莲中4种重金属元素的检测方法,并对其含量水平和健康风险进行初步评价。方法:采用微波消解—原子吸收光谱法定量分析广州市6个不同药店穿心莲中铅、镉、铜、铬等4种重金属元素的含量。结果:健民(利众店)和采芝林(神农轩分店)的穿心莲样品Pb超标,而Cd元素除采芝林(南方分店)的穿心莲合格之外,其它均超标。从重金属总量来看,健民(利众店)的穿心莲超标较严重。结论:从健康风险指数来看,健民(利众店)和采芝林(神农轩分店)穿心莲的含铅量、采芝林(神农轩分店)和康美药店售穿心莲的含镉量及健民(利众店)的穿心莲含铬量,都可能会对人体健康产生一定风险,应该予以重视。     

重庆主要蔬菜基地叶类蔬菜污染物调查

为了解重庆市主要蔬菜基地叶类蔬菜的安全情况,于2013年8—10月选择重庆市铜梁、江津、璧山和潼南地区的主要蔬菜基地的叶类蔬菜样品,并对样品中的34种农药残留,铅、镉及6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量进行了测定。结果表明,共采集86件蔬菜样品,6种PAEs均未被检出;仅有铜梁1件样品中铅含量超标,未出现镉超标情况;有14种农药残留被检出甚至超标,其中,苯醚甲环唑及国家禁用农药氟虫腈严重超标。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.