共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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空气调节的目的是以最少的能耗创造健康、舒适的室内空气环境,并保护大环境。健康不仅指没有疾病,而是身体、精神及社会诸方面的完好状态。从这个意义出发,健康室内环境的特征应是与自然相和谐,使人身心健康并富有效率,对医院病房尤其如此。传统的舒适性空调,只注重考虑人对温度的感觉,而未考虑人长时间在室内的身体、心理等诸多方面的综合 相似文献
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神经行为功能评价系统及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着人民生活水平的提高 ,空调的应用越来越广泛 ,人们在享受空调带来“舒适”环境的同时 ,开始关注空调微气候环境对健康的影响。空调环境对人体健康的影响 ,主要集中在化学因素、生物因素和热物理 -微气候因素方面。微气候因素既直接影响人体健康 ,又与室内污染物的释放和微生物的繁殖密切相关。调查表明 ,使用空调越多 ,人们的抱怨越多 ,由此引起的社会工作效率降低已引起广泛关注。已适应空调稳态舒适环境的人们再进入高温环境热暴露 ,会产生很多不适反应。空调微气候环境对人体健康的影响是长期的、迟发的 ,通过神经行为功能评价系统 (… 相似文献
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目的探讨人体在寒冷自然环境中热反应规律。方法2007年11月底在新疆某市郊区(海拔约1 600 m,冬季室外最低温度-25℃,最高温度5℃,室内平均温度18℃),采用现场实测和问卷调查表的方式,对5位女性、15位男性(年龄20~32岁,当地居住时间5~8 a)在室内暖气环境和室外寒冷自然环境中的皮肤温度、热感觉特征和热舒适评价进行了调查。结果室外温度-4.3~-5.0℃、相对湿度65.2%~66.7%时,平均热感觉投票值(MTSV)介于-1.5(冷)和-3(很冷)之间,平均热舒适投票值(MTCV)大多分布在-3(很不舒服)附近。人体在冷环境中会出现不同程度的冷紧张感和身体不自主寒颤,鼻子、耳朵和手出现不同程度玫瑰红色,在外时间过长,眼睛开始干涩、流泪。人从室内中性环境进入室外寒冷环境立即产生冷感,但从室外寒冷环境进入室内中性环境,热感觉的变化有滞后。结论平均热感觉投票值和平均热舒适投票值均受温度、相对湿度、风速等综合影响。在低温环境下,湿度和风速能增加冷作用强度。人体对冷感觉的反应比对热感觉的反应更敏感。 相似文献
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景观植物对医院环境的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
现代医院环境逐渐远离自然,空调系统只能调节人工热舒适环境的有限个参数,并不能满足人体健康生活的需要。在室内合理地布置景观植物,既能调节空气,提高室内空气品质,又能增加视觉美感,调节心理,可以实现健康舒适的人居生态环境。本文对景观植物对室内物理环境和精神环境两方面的影响进行阐述,介绍了植物的环境监测意义和选择方法,在对目前研究状况分析归纳的基础上,指出应加强对景观植物影响室内人居环境的定性和定量研究,交叉学科之间应加强合作,以更好地利用人工和自然的手段,营造宜人的室内人居环境。 相似文献
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目的:控制和改善机动卫生装备的舱室空气质量,保障舱室内人员的热舒适性。方法:运用灰色关联度方法研究某急救车舱室在高温高湿条件下开启制冷空调30 min和60 min时舱室内伤病员和医护人员的热舒适性。结果:初始条件下舱室内人体热舒适性为"不舒适"等级;30 min时伤病员和医护人员的热舒适性等级达到"最舒适"和"舒适"等级;60 min时热舒适性进一步提高;卧姿伤病员的热舒适性优于坐姿伤病员和站姿医护人员的热舒适性。结论:灰色关联度法能较好地应用于机动卫生装备舱室空气质量与人体热舒适性的评价与分析。 相似文献
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选取寒冷地区某综合医院门诊大厅作为研究对象,对医院门诊大厅进行空间测绘、数据采集和热工分析,总结建筑设计上存在的问题并提出优化策略,意在提供提高寒冷地区综合医院门诊大厅热环境舒适度、减少环境污染和资源消耗、建设绿色生态建筑的设计思路。 相似文献
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Eyles J 《Health & place》1997,3(1):1-13
This paper examines the nature and characteristics of research in environmental health, viewed as the effects of the environment on human health. It is argued that most of this work has been predicated on an epidemiological approach which has yielded significant (if sometimes equivocal) findings about exposure-outcome relationships. This discussion, however, concentrates on the limited and somewhat partial view of theory implied in this perspective. It advocates instead a broad-based approach to theory as the basis for understanding significant portions of the social world. It posits, as illustrations, several social theories and with examples tries to show how environmental health research might be different. 相似文献
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从分析人与环境的热平衡出发,提出一种预测出汗率的数学模型,编制了相应的计算机程序,再与热环境监测系统集成起来,开发了实时的数学-物理仿真系统—人体热反应预测及评价系统(PASTE—PredictionandAssessmentSys-temforThermalEnvironment),利用该系统可以在各种热环境条件下,对人体热反应进行实时仿真,显示并存贮人体的热生理反应状态,预测人体的出汗量(SW),平均皮肤温度(Tsk)等,以此来评价人热环境系统的质量。仿真的结果与实测结果相吻合。 相似文献
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Choi BC Hunter DJ Tsou W Sainsbury P 《Journal of epidemiology and community health》2005,59(12):1030-1034
CONTEXT: The world has started to feel the impact of a global chronic disease epidemic, which is putting pressure on our health care systems. If uncurbed, a new generation of "diseases of comfort" (such as those chronic diseases caused by obesity and physical inactivity) will become a major public health problem in this and the next century. OBJECTIVE: To describe the concept, causes, and prevention and control strategies of diseases of comfort. METHODS: Brokered by a senior research scientist specialised in knowledge translation, a chair, a president, and a past president of national public health associations contributed their views on the subject. RESULTS: Diseases of comfort have emerged as a price of living in a modern society. It is inevitable that these diseases will become more common and more disabling if human "progress" and civilisation continue toward better (more comfortable) living, without necessarily considering their effects on health. Modern technology must be combined with education, legislation, intersectoral action, and community involvement to create built and social environments that encourage, and make easy, walking, physical activity, and nutritious food choices, to reduce the health damaging effects of modern society for all citizens and not only the few. CONCLUSIONS: Public health needs to be more passionate about the health issues caused by human progress and adopt a health promotion stance, challenging the assumptions behind the notion of social "progress" that is giving rise to the burden of chronic disease and developing the skills to create more health promoting societies in which individual health thrives. 相似文献
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目的 目前我国尚无核设施环境影响人体健康评价方面的技术导则和相关标准。本文对核设施环境影响人体健康评价体系进行初步探讨,搭建初步研究框架。方法 根据核设施相关环境影响报告书的标准格式与内容,参照国家环保部发布的非核设施环境影响人体健康评价的技术导则征求意见稿,应用人类辐射危害评价的相关内容及方法构建评价体系。结果 根据建立的评价工作程序和评价基本内容开展评价工作,采用健康危险度评价方法,根据我国核设施和人群结构特点,选择适合我国核设施环境影响人体健康的评价模型及参数,确定辐射危险系数,最后计算人体不同部位致癌的危害概率和全身的危害概率水平。根据健康危险度的评价结果,制定针对周围环境人群的减缓措施。结论 进行核设施环境影响人体健康评价,对我国核设施决策、管理及公众可接受度方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
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I. J. Kant P. J. A. Bonn J. V. H. Notermans 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1988,61(1-2):115-121
Summary The thermal environment in 42 garages was measured and compared with the results of questionnaires completed by mechanics working in these garages. In the garages studied, the mean air temperature appeared to be rather low. Mean air velocity was moderate (0.17 m/s), with a significant variation among garages (0.07–0.60 m/s). An accurate estimation of the metabolic activity and clothing factor was made. Four current climate standards were selected to evaluate the climate conditions of the investigated garages, i.e. L-index, L-index (comfort), PMV-index and the ASHRAE-index. It appears that the number of garages within the standards acceptable (or recommended) range varies considerably with the standard used. Converting the different standards to the same basis (80% acceptation) does not reduce this variation. These large differences are explained by evaluation of different parameters on which the standards are based. In order to evaluate the thermal environment in garages, Fanger's PMV-index is recommended, as it shows the greatest sensitivity (0.75) combined with a similar positive predictive value (0.65) compared to the other standards. Moreover, this standard incorporates air velocity, which is shown to be crucial in evaluating the thermal environment in garages. 相似文献