Unintentional injuries in the home in the United States Part I: mortality

BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death in the United States. It is unclear, however, what proportion of these injuries occur in the home. The purpose of this paper is to quantify and describe fatal unintentional injuries that take place in the home environment. METHODS: Data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) were used to calculate average annual rates for unintentional home injury deaths, with 95% confidence intervals from 1992 to 1999 for the United States overall, and by mechanism of injury, gender, and age group. RESULTS: From 1992 to 1999, an average of 18,048 unintentional home injury deaths occurred annually in the United States (6.83 deaths per 100,000). Home injury deaths varied by age and gender, with males having higher rates of home injury death than females (8.78 vs 4.97 per 100,000), and older adults (>/=70 years) having higher rates than all other age groups. Falls (2.25 per 100,000), poisoning (1.83 per 100,000), and fire/burn injuries (1.29 per 100,000) were the leading causes of home injury death. Rates of fall death were highest for older adults, poisoning deaths were highest among middle-aged adults, and fire/burn death rates were highest among children. Inhalation/suffocation and drowning deaths were important injury issues for young children. CONCLUSIONS: Unintentional injury in the home is a significant problem. Specific home injury issues include falls among older adults, poisonings among middle-aged adults, fire/burn injuries among older adults and children, and inhalation/suffocation and drowning among young children. In addition, recommendations are presented for improvements to the NVSS.     

意外伤害对5岁以下儿童死亡的影响及干预探讨

目的探讨意外伤害对丽水市5岁以下儿童死亡的影响及其有效干预措施。方法对2003年10月1日至2010年9月30日期间全市359例5岁以下儿童意外伤害死亡资料进行统计分析。结果 7年间5岁以下小儿意外伤害平均死亡率为2.32‰,占总5岁以下儿童死亡的20.34%,意外死亡率从2004年的2.36‰降至2010年的1.83‰,但其死亡构成比从2004年的16.62%上升至2010年的20.22%(P>0.05)。农村意外死亡率、死亡构成比均高于城镇(P<0.01);男童意外死亡率、死亡构成比均高于女童(P<0.05)。意外死亡的前三位死因是意外窒息、溺水、交通意外。意外死亡1岁内占35.65%,1岁组占20.61%,2岁组占17.27%,3岁组占13.93%,4岁组占12.53%,其中意外窒息死亡集中于1岁以内婴儿,溺水、交通意外以1岁以上儿童为主。结论意外伤害是造成丽水市5岁以下儿童死亡的主要死因之一。应采取综合预防措施,有效降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。     

A comparison of injury death rates in China and the United States, 1986.

BACKGROUND: The importance of injury as a public health problem is not well recognized in many developing countries. Data have recently become available on injury mortality in China. METHOD: We compared Chinese injury data based on a 100 million population segment for 1986 with data for the United States. RESULTS: The age-adjusted death rate from all injuries for China exceeds the rate for the US (69.0 vs 61.3 per 100,000). The US has higher death rates from motor vehicle crashes, fires, and homicide; China has greater mortality from drowning, poisoning, falls, and suicide. Especially noteworthy in China are the high drowning rates among young children and the elderly and the high suicide rates in rural areas among young adults and the elderly. CONCLUSION: Injury is an important public health problem in China, exceeding in many respects the problem in the United States. It is urgent for China to place high priority on injury research and prevention.     

2012—2018年重庆市伤害疾病负担变化趋势

目的 分析重庆市伤害死亡及疾病负担变化趋势,为开展伤害防控工作提供建议。方法 收集分析2012—2018年重庆市伤害死亡个案(ICD-10编码: V01-V99,W00-W99,X00-X99,Y0-Y98),采用SPSS 25.0 统计分析伤害死亡率、标化死亡率、顺位、早死所致的寿命损失年(years of life lost with premature death, YLLs)、残疾所致寿命损失年(years lived with disability, YLDs)、伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted life years, DALYs)等指标,率的比较采用χ²检验,趋势变化采用曲线估计计算年度变化百分比(annual percent change, APC),其统计学差异采用t检验。结果 重庆市伤害死亡率与标化死亡率分别由2012年的55.73/10万、47.63/10万下降到2018年的45.09/10万、35.99/10万,APC为-3.92%与-5.26%,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=4.23、4.47,P<0.05)。历年伤害死亡率男性高于女性(均P<0.05),农村高于城市(均P<0.05)。历年死亡率居前六位伤害分别是跌倒、道路交通事故、自杀、溺水、中毒、意外窒息。伤害的每千人早死所致的YLLs、YLDs、DALYs分别由2012年22.64千人年、6.45千人年、29.09千人年下降到2018年的14.70千人年、4.19千人年、18.89千人年,APC分别为-7.60%、-7.78%、-7.60%,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=6.80、8.10、6.79,均P<0.05)。结论 重庆市伤害死亡率与疾病负担呈下降的趋势,但仍处于较高的水平,应重点针对男性、农村地区、道路交通伤害、跌倒开展伤害的预防控制工作。     

2004-2005年山东省0-14岁儿童伤害死亡流行病学分析

[目的]通过对0～14岁儿童死亡资料的分析,掌握山东省儿童伤害的死亡特点,为制定干预政策提供依据。[方法]利用山东省第三次死因调查资料,对山东省2004-2005年0～14岁儿童伤害的死亡特点进行描述和分析。[结果]2004-2005年山东省0～14岁儿童伤害的死亡率为16．09／10万,标化死亡率为15．95／10万,意外伤害死亡率为15．19／10万,标化死亡率为14．78／10万。伤害死亡率总体趋势为随年龄增高而开始降低（P〈0．05）．前五位的死因分别为淹溺、公路交通事故、意外窒息、自杀和意外跌落。0～岁年龄组伤害的主要死因是意外窒息,1～岁年龄组伤害的主要死因是交通事故和淹溺,5～岁及以上年龄组伤害的主要死因是淹溺和交通事故。[结论]淹溺和交通事故死亡是我省伤害的最主要原因,要根据不同年龄的伤害特点,采取有针对性的预防措施,降低其发病率和死亡率。     

The injury mortality burden in Guinea

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The injury mortality burden of Guinea has been rarely addressed. The paper aimed to report patterns of injury mortality burden in Guinea. METHODS: We retrieved the mortality data from the Guinean Annual Health Statistics Report 2007. The information about underlying cause of deaths was collected based on Guinean hospital discharge data, Hospital Mortuary and City Council Mortuary data. The causes of death are coded in the 9th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). Multivariate Poisson regression was used to test the impacts of sex and age on mortality rates. The statistical analyses were performed using Statatm 10.0. RESULTS: In 2007, 7066 persons were reported dying of injuries in Guinea (mortality: 72.8 per 100,000 population). Transportation, fire/burn, falls, homicide and drowning were the five leading causes of fatal injuries for the whole population, accounting for 37%, 22%, 12%, 10% and 6% of total deaths, respectively. In general, age-specific injury causes displayed similar patterns of the whole population except that poisoning replaced falls as a leading cause among children under five years old. Males were at 30-50% more risk of dying from six commonest causes than females and old age groups had higher injury mortality rates than younger age groups. CONCLUSION: Transportation, fire/burn, falls, homicide, and drowning accounted for the majority of total injury mortality burden in Guinea. Males and old adults were high-risk population of fatal injuries and should be targeted by injury prevention. Lots of work is needed to improve weak capacities for injury control in order to reduce the injury mortality burden.     

重庆市2010—2020年5岁以下儿童伤害死亡监测结果分析

目的 分析2010—2020年重庆市5岁以下伤害死亡儿童监测数据,对5岁以下儿童死因的构成情况。方法 收集2010—2020年重庆市40个区县所有5岁以下儿童伤害死亡病例报卡并对收集的数据进行统计分析。结果 2010—2020年5岁以下儿童平均伤害死亡率为154.21/10万,意外伤害死亡占比在21.13%～33.84%之间,2020年达到最高(33.84%)。5岁以下伤害死亡儿童中:平均年龄1.87±1.48岁,其中＜1岁、1～＜2岁、2～＜3岁、3～＜4岁及4～＜5岁占比分别为33.59%、 20.05%、21.02%、13.93%、11.41%; 男童占59.47%,女童占40.53%; 不同年龄组儿童死因分布不一致, ＜1岁组儿童首位死因为意外窒息(86.13%),1岁以上各年龄组儿童首位死因主要为溺水。重庆市5岁以下儿童死亡地点显示城镇与乡村间存在差异:城镇46.36%,乡村53.64%; 不同月份的儿童死因分布不一致,1、2、12月首位伤害死因为意外窒息,8、9、10月首位伤害死因为溺水,其他意外死因分布基本一致。结论 重庆市2010—2020年5岁以下儿童伤害死亡儿童发生率没有明显变化,需要对意外伤害死亡开展专项危险因素的进一步调查,为后期降低5岁以下儿童伤害死亡提出有效干预措施。     

The epidemiology of home injuries to children under five years in New Zealand

OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the epidemiology of injuries sustained by children under five in the home. METHODS: Cases were selected from the New Zealand Health Information Service public hospital morbidity and mortality data, and included all 0-4 year olds where the place of injury occurrence was classified as 'home'. The circumstances of injury were coded according to the Supplementary Classifications of External Causes of Injury and Poisoning (E-codes) of the International Classifications of Diseases. Age-specific rates of death or hospitalisation due to injury were calculated using the population of 0-4 year olds in New Zealand for each year as the denominator. RESULTS: The rate of death from an injury sustained at home between 1989 and 1998 was 13 per 100,000 population per year. The main causes of death were suffocation, submersion, homicide and fire. The rate of hospitalisation in children aged 0-4 years from an injury sustained in the home between 1989 and 2000 was 737 per 100,000 population per year. The most frequently recorded causes of hospitalisation were falls, scalds, poisonings and cut/piercing incidents. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Although there has been an apparent decrease in the number of children hospitalised for injuries sustained in the home environment, it is not possible to determine if this is a 'real' change or a result of other factors affecting the data. While children continue to be killed and injured as a result of preventable incidents in the home environment, injury prevention strategies should be continued and strengthened.     

2004-2005年湖南省居民伤害死亡水平与分布特征分析

目的探讨湖南省城乡人群伤害死亡特征,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法应用2004-2005年湖南省第3次死因回顾抽样调查资料,分析不同人群伤害死亡率、构成比以及外部原因构成的差异。结果 2004-2005年湖南省10个县（市、区）居民伤害死亡率为67.40/10万,其中城市和农村伤害年平均死亡率分别为65.98/10万、67.87/10万;男性是女性1.91倍（P〈0.01）,伤害死亡占全部死亡数的11.08%,居所有疾病死因的第四位。居民伤害前4位死因依次为交通伤害、自杀、跌落、溺水。结论伤害已成为危害城乡人群的主要死因之一,应根据湖南省不同人群伤害死亡的特点,开展系统研究和实施干预措施。     

2012 - 2017年蒙自市居民伤害死亡特征分析

目的 了解2012 - 2017年蒙自市居民伤害死亡特征,为相关部门制定科学合理的伤害防控措施提供依据。方法 利用2012 - 2017年蒙自市伤害死亡监测资料分析伤害死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率、死因别死亡率、潜在减寿年数、标化潜在减寿年数等指标。结果 2012 - 2017年蒙自市居民伤害死亡率为94.99/10万,标化死亡率为102.91/10万,占全死因死亡总数的15.42%,居全死因顺位第2位。男性死亡率是女性的2.84倍。前5位死因依次为意外跌落、机动车交通事故、意外中毒、自杀和淹死。0～14岁年龄组伤害死亡率最低,为10.06/10万,机动车交通事故为首要死因;60岁以上年龄组最高,死亡率为23.62/10万,意外跌落为首要死因。居民的平均去伤害死因期望寿命为76.89岁;伤害导致的潜在减寿年数为64 984.29人年,潜在减寿年数率为25.54‰;标化潜在减寿年数为63 859.25人年,标化潜在减寿年数率为25.16‰。结论 伤害已成为威胁蒙自市居民生命和健康的重大公共卫生问题,应根据不同人群的伤害死亡特点,有针对性地采取伤害干预措施。     

1990～2003年浙江省城乡居民伤害死亡流行特征分析

目的　了解浙江省伤害死亡特征,为伤害预防和研究提供信息。方法　利用浙江省疾病监测点1990～2 0 0 3年死亡登记系统资料,采用ICD 10进行伤害死因分类,分别比较各种伤害类别和外部原因的死亡率。结果　1990～2 0 0 3年浙江省农村、城市伤害死亡率分别为72 77/ 10万～84 4 7/ 10万、2 5 5 2 / 10万～5 0 4 9/ 10万,其中2 0 0 3年分别为84 4 7/ 10万、4 6 30 / 10万,农村高于城市;交通伤、坠落、自杀和溺水为伤害死亡的主要类别;14年间溺水、自杀死亡率出现不同程度下降,坠落、交通伤死亡率出现上升趋势。非故意伤害死亡前三位原因,农村为交通伤、坠落、溺水,城市为坠落、交通伤、溺水;自杀的主要方式农村、城市分别为中毒、机械性窒息。农村男、女伤害死亡率分别为93 19/ 10万、5 4 2 5 / 10万,第一位死因分别为交通伤、中毒;城市男、女伤害死亡率分别为38 4 5 /10万、30 0 8/ 10万,第一位死因分别为交通伤、坠落;均男性高于女性。伤害死亡率以老年人群为高。10岁以下无论城乡、男女死亡率最高均为溺水;10～5 5岁人群,城市男女性死亡率最高均是交通伤,农村男性为交通伤,女性为中毒;5 5岁以上人群,无论城乡、男女死亡率最高均为坠落。结论　1990～2 0 0 3年浙江省城乡居民伤害死亡率仍然维持较高     

1990～1997年中国城乡人群伤害死亡分析

目的 描述我国城乡人群伤害死亡变化趋势和特点。方法 对１９９０～１９９７年我国卫生统计年报资料进行比较分析。结果 ８年间,伤害死亡率为３６．８／１０万～７６．７／１０万。分别居城、乡人群全死因的第４、５位。城市伤害死亡率呈下降趋势,而农村则相反,农村人群死亡率为城市２倍左右,且差距时间呈现加大趋势。０～４岁和６０岁以上为高发年龄段,男性伤害死亡率高于女性,性别比为１．３～１．９,城市人群的前三位死     

Widening Rural–Urban Disparities in All-Cause Mortality and Mortality from Major Causes of Death in the USA, 1969–2009

This study examined trends in rural–urban disparities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the USA between 1969 and 2009. A rural–urban continuum measure was linked to county-level mortality data. Age-adjusted death rates were calculated by sex, race, cause-of-death, area-poverty, and urbanization level for 13 time periods between 1969 and 2009. Cause-of-death decomposition and log-linear and Poisson regression were used to analyze rural–urban differentials. Mortality rates increased with increasing levels of rurality overall and for non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Despite the declining mortality trends, mortality risks for both males and females and for blacks and whites have been increasingly higher in non-metropolitan than metropolitan areas, particularly since 1990. In 2005–2009, mortality rates varied from 391.9 per 100,000 population for Asians/Pacific Islanders in rural areas to 1,063.2 for blacks in small-urban towns. Poverty gradients were steeper in rural areas, which maintained higher mortality than urban areas after adjustment for poverty level. Poor blacks in non-metropolitan areas experienced two to three times higher all-cause and premature mortality risks than affluent blacks and whites in metropolitan areas. Disparities widened over time; excess mortality from all causes combined and from several major causes of death in non-metropolitan areas was greater in 2005–2009 than in 1990–1992. Causes of death contributing most to the increasing rural–urban disparity and higher rural mortality include heart disease, unintentional injuries, COPD, lung cancer, stroke, suicide, diabetes, nephritis, pneumonia/influenza, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Residents in metropolitan areas experienced larger mortality reductions during the past four decades than non-metropolitan residents, contributing to the widening gap.     

Leading Causes of Unintentional Injury and Suicide Mortality in Canadian Adults Across the Urban-Rural Continuum

Objective

We examined the leading causes of unintentional injury and suicide mortality in adults across the urban-rural continuum.

Methods

Injury mortality data were drawn from a representative cohort of 2,735,152 Canadians aged ≥25 years at baseline, who were followed for mortality from 1991 to 2001. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for urban-rural continuum and cause-specific unintentional injury (i.e., motor vehicle, falls, poisoning, drowning, suffocation, and fire/burn) and suicide (i.e., hanging, poisoning, firearm, and jumping) mortality, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

Results

Rates of unintentional injury mortality were elevated in less urbanized areas for both males and females. We found an urban-rural gradient for motor vehicle, drowning, and fire/burn deaths, but not for fall, poisoning, or suffocation deaths. Urban-rural differences in suicide risk were observed for males but not females. Declining urbanization was associated with higher risks of firearm suicides and lower risks of jumping suicides, but there was no apparent trend in hanging and poisoning suicides.

Conclusion

Urban-rural gradients in adults were more pronounced for unintentional motor vehicle, drowning, and fire/burn deaths, as well as for firearm and jumping suicide deaths than for other causes of injury mortality. These results suggest that the degree of urbanization may be an important consideration in guiding prevention efforts for many causes of injury fatality.Injury is a leading cause of mortality in Canada, accounting for approximately 14,500 deaths each year.¹ Although the majority of injury deaths are unintentional (29.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), intentional deaths due to suicide (11.6 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) are also common. Research shows that adults in rural areas are disproportionately affected by injury mortality.^2–6 With populations of Western countries aging rapidly, particularly in rural areas,⁷ a better understanding of injury mortality in rural adults becomes increasingly important.Only a limited number of studies have examined the relative contribution of different unintentional and intentional causes to urban-rural differences in injury mortality, despite the potential of cause-specific data to uncover possible underlying mechanisms and pathways for prevention.^8,9 The few studies of unintentional injury that examined causes beyond motor vehicle collisions and falls were limited by dichotomous categorizations of urban and rural areas, which may decrease the ability to capture differences in injury mortality across the range of geographical areas typically present in Western countries. In fact, it has been proposed that a continuum-based approach of urban and rural areas better reflects social, economic, and geographic diversity and may enhance our understanding of health variation across areas.^2,10There is also very limited information on how method-specific suicide mortality varies across the urban-rural continuum. One study found elevated firearm suicide rates in less urbanized areas,¹¹ but data do not exist for more common causes of suicide, such as hanging or poisoning. In light of the identified research gaps, we sought to determine the relationship between the urban-rural continuum and leading causes of unintentional injury and suicide mortality in Canadian adults.     

Fatal agricultural injuries in North Carolina by race and occupation, 1977–1991

Medical examiner reports and death certificates were reviewed for all fatal agricultural injuries (n = 228) that occurred on-the-job in North Carolina between 1977 and 1991. Data were collected on the decedents' age, gender, race, date and time of injury, means of injury, and occupation. Annual workforce estimates were derived from the 1980 and 1990 US Census of the Population. Overall, 54% of the fatal injuries were due to tractors. Farmers who suffered fatal injuries tended to be older (median age = 56 years) and Caucasian (87%), while farm workers who died on the job were younger (median age = 35 years) and more often African-American (60%). The crude mortality rate for farmers was 38 per 100,000 worker-years; the crude rate for farm laborers was 16 per 100,000 worker-years. Age-adjusted fatal injury rates were 2.5 times higher among African-American farmers than among Caucasian farmers; furthermore, between 1977 and 1991 the rate of fatal injury among African-American farmers increased an estimated 14.7% per year. African-American farmers in North Carolina have experienced rising rates of fatal injuries at a time when employment in the industry is declining due to consolidation of farm ownership and foreclosures of African-American owned farms. In order to address the growing racial disparity in farm fatalities, efforts need to be made to improve the conditions under which African-American farmers are working. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:452–458, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

辽宁省城乡居民1973-1975年与2004-2005年伤害死亡率变化分析

目的 分析1973-1975年与2004-2005年间辽宁省城乡居民伤害死亡率的变化特点,为制定有效的预防措施,降低伤害死亡提供科学依据.方法 使用1973-1975全国死因回顾调查和2004-2005年辽宁省城乡居民病伤死因登记报告系统资料,计算不同年代、地区、性别和年龄别伤害死亡率和变化幅度.结果 30年间,城市居民伤害标化死亡率由51.03/10万降至28.36/10万,农村由44.55/10万升至55.43/10万,城乡呈相反的变化趋势;男性伤害死亡率明显高于女性,农村明显高于城市,目前农村居民溺水、自杀、机动车交通事故和火灾的死亡率分别为城市的4.03倍、3.66倍、2.90倍和2.75倍.结论 30年间城乡伤害死亡率的变化趋势相反,农村亟待加强道路安全意识教育及加大必要的监管力度,同时关注农村老年居民的生存环境问题,从而采取有针对性的干预措施降低农村伤害死亡率.     

2005-2014年成都市5岁以下儿童意外死亡情况分析

目的 了解成都市5岁以下儿童意外死亡的现状和特点,为制定降低和控制5岁以下儿童死亡率政策提供依据。方法 采用回顾性分析对2005-2014年成都市儿童意外死亡监测资料进行分析。结果 5岁以下儿童各年龄组总死亡率均呈下降趋势(P＜0.05),下降最明显的是新生儿死亡率和28 d以上婴儿死亡率。1~4岁儿童死亡率的下降趋势和意外死亡率各年龄组下降趋势均不明显。同时,5岁以下儿童意外死亡占总体死亡的比例呈上升趋势(χ²=4.50,P=0.03)。从意外死亡原因来看,新生儿期和大于28 d婴儿意外死亡的主要原因是意外窒息(分别占88.37%和83.85%),1~4岁儿童意外死亡主要死因是溺水和交通意外(分别占58.16%和16.51%)。城乡比较,城市意外死亡无下降趋势(P＞0.05),而农村意外死亡有下降趋势(P＜0.05).且城乡间主要死亡原因顺位不同。城市前三位是意外窒息(38.48%),溺水(22.49%)和交通意外(15.44%);农村前三位是溺水(41.45%),意外窒息(33.79%),交通意外(12.08%)。结论 控制和降低儿童意外伤害的死亡将是下一步降低儿童死亡的重要工作内容,应根据地区的环境特点、儿童年龄特点,加强对家长的健康宣教及建立和完善意外伤害的社会急救体系等干预措施,最大限度的降低儿童因意外造成的死亡,提高儿童的生存水平。     

Acute traumatic injuries in rural populations

In the United States, injuries are the leading cause of death among individuals aged 1 to 45 years and the fourth leading cause of death overall. Rural populations exhibit disproportionately high injury mortality rates. Deaths resulting from motor vehicle crashes, traumatic occupational injuries, drowning, residential fires, and suicide all increase with increasing rurality. We describe differences in rates and patterns of injury among rural and urban populations and discuss factors that contribute to these differences.     

Fatal Unintentional Injuries Among Kentucky Farm Children: 1979 to 1985*

ABSTRACT: The hazards of farming among adults have been well described, but less has been published regarding the nature of farm injuries among children. Fatal farm injuries in Kentucky among children under 14 years of age usually have involved agricultural equipment, primarily tractors. The average annual age specific rates for fatal injuries in Kentucky among farm children ranged from 14.8 per 100,000 to 28.5 per 100,000 for boys, and from 11.8 per 100,000 to 3.1 per 100,000 for girls. Many of these deaths could have been prevented by not allowing children to ride on tractors, or by using infant and child restraints in motor vehicles. In the older age group (10 to 14 years of age), many deaths were due to drowning, so drowning prevention programs could reduce the number of fatal injuries. Exposure to environmental hazards differ for farm children and prevention programs in this population need to target those special hazards.     

中国人群1991～2000年伤害死亡的流行趋势和疾病负担

目的 了解1991～2000年中国人群伤害死亡的变化趋势、地区特点和疾病负担。方法使用全国疾病监测资料,经漏报调查结果进行调整,描述伤害的死亡水平和主要死亡原因,并计算伤害导致的平均潜在寿命损失年和潜在工作寿命损失年,以及伤害死亡、寿命损失和潜在工作寿命损失占总死亡的比例。结果 1991～2000年伤害死亡基本维持在恒定水平,经漏报率调整后10年平均伤害死亡率为66.56/10万,男性为81.41/10万,女性为51.17/10万。城市和农村人群的10年平均伤害死亡率分别为38.68/10万和74.63/10万。西部农村伤害的死亡率为81.02/10万,东、中、西部农村地区伤害死亡率之比为1:1.14:1.21。伤害是儿童和青年的主要死因,交通事故、自杀、淹溺、意外中毒、意外坠落是伤害的主要死因。自20世纪90年代以来,交通事故死亡率上升明显,至2000年已成为第一位死因。因伤害导致的潜在减寿年数是2132年/10万,导致的工作减寿年数为1587年/10万,分别占总死亡减寿年数的24.56％和26.51％。结论 伤害带来的疾病负担是严重的,由于“早死”,使伤害死亡带来更多的社会和经济损失,特别是交通伤害死亡率的上升应该引起更多重视,不同地区应针对本地区的重要伤害死亡谱和目标人群制订有效的控制策略。