孕前体重指数与孕期体重增加和新生儿体重的关系研究

目的探讨孕前体重指数与孕期体重增加和新生儿体重的关系。方法收集湖南省岳阳县2015年8-12月住院分娩单胎活产且保健手册记录完整的产妇401例,通过卡方检验、方差分析、直线相关分析,分析不同孕前BMI组与孕期体重增加和新生儿出生体重的差异及关系。结果 40.39%孕妇能够按照美国医学会(IOM)推荐的体重控制自身体重,35.66%的孕妇体重增加不足,23.94%的孕妇体重超标。孕前BMI指数越低孕期增重越容易增长不足,孕前BMI指数越高孕期体重增长越容易超标。孕前BMI超重组巨大儿发生率为25.00%(95%CI:12.00%~44.90%),高于其他孕前BMI组。孕前BMI消瘦组、BMI正常组、BMI超重组与新生儿体重的皮尔森相关系数r值分别为0.317(P0.05),0.217(P0.05)和-0.067(P0.05)。结论孕前BMI消瘦及超重的孕妇为孕期体重重点管理对象。孕前BMI、孕期体重增加与新生儿体重呈一定正相关性,孕前BMI是巨大儿的预测指标,合理控制孕前BMI是降低巨大儿发生率的重要措施。     

孕妇孕前体重指数、孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重及非选择性剖宫产的关系

目的探讨孕妇孕前体重指数(BMI)、孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重及非选择性剖宫产的关系。方法选取2000年1月1日至2010年5月1日于解放军五三七医院住院分娩的孕产妇3231例为研究对象。纳入标准:所有孕妇身体健康,无相关家族遗传疾病史和妊娠期合并症,均为初产、单胎妊娠。按照孕妇孕前BMI将其分为低BMI组(n=671)、正常BMI组(n=1845)和高BMI组(n=715);按照孕妇孕期体重增加值,又将其分为≤9 kg组(n=331),(9~18)kg组(n=1755)和≥18 kg组(n=1145),分别比较两种分组方式的三组新生儿中巨大儿及低出生体重儿发生率和非选择性剖宫产率,并分析孕妇孕期体重增加与新生儿中巨大儿及低出生体重儿发生率和非选择性剖宫产率的关系。各组受试对象年龄、相关家族遗传疾病史和妊娠期合并症、产次等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象本人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书)。结果三组孕前BMI不同孕妇新生儿出生体重比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕前低BMI组的低出生体重儿发生率高,孕前高BMI组巨大儿发生率高,非选择性剖宫产率随孕妇孕前BMI降低而降低。三组孕妇孕期体重增加不同,新生儿出生体重比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕妇孕期体重增加过多,则巨大儿发生率增加;孕妇孕期体重增加越少,非选择性剖宫产率则越低。结论孕妇孕前BMI过高和孕期体重增加过多,可导致新生儿出生体重增加,非选择性剖宫产率增高。     

孕前体质指数、孕期增重对新生儿出生体重和分娩方式的影响

目的 探讨孕妇孕前体质指数(BMI)及孕期增重对新生儿出生体重、分娩方式等的影响.方法 监测582例单胎产妇孕前的身高、体重和孕期体重增加情况.并调查孕妇健康状况.结果 巨大儿发生率、剖宫产发生率均随孕前BMI的升高而升高.但低体重儿发生率与孕前BMI关系的趋势不显著;巨大儿发生率随孕前增重的增加而升高.低体重儿发生率...     

母亲孕前体重指数和孕期增重对母婴预后的影响

目的探讨孕前体重指数(BMI)和孕期增重与新生儿出生体重及妊娠结局的关系,为降低高危妊娠和巨大儿发生率及难产发生率提供依据。方法以BMI为标准分为低体重组、正常体重组和肥胖组,分析孕妇体重过度增重、巨大儿发生率、难产发生率以及体重指数与新生儿体重、分娩方式和孕期并发症的关系。结果3组间新生儿出生体重有明显差异,巨大儿发生率分别为5.00%、6.10%和11.96%,有统计学意义(P0.05)。孕期体重增重过重与新生儿体重成正相关(P0.05);肥胖组妊娠期糖尿病发病率明显增多,是正常组的3倍,且妊高征发病率明显增高。3组分娩方式、难产(剖宫产和产钳助产)的发生率比较,有非常显著性差异。结论肥胖组的巨大儿、妊娠期糖尿病和妊高征的发生率都高于正常体重组和低体重组,孕前BMI和孕妇体重过度增长与新生儿出生体重和妊娠结局有关。     

孕前体重指数和孕期体重增长与新生儿体重的关系

目的探讨孕妇孕前体重指数（bodymassindex,BMI）和孕期体重增长与新生儿体重的关系。方法2006年7月1日至2007年6月30日,2734例于四川I大学华西第二医院住院分娩且病历资料完整孕妇,按孕前体重指数分组。体重指数〈16．75kg／m2,纳入低BMI组（n=51）,体重指数为（16．75～23．71）kg／m2纳入正常BMI组（n=2330）,体重指数〉23．71kg／m2,纳入高BMI组（n=353）。根据四川大学华西第二医院推荐的孕期适宜体重增长模式,将孕期体重增长分为三类：体重增长〈13．13kg,体重增长为（13．13～20．25）kg和体重增长≥20．25kg。将正常BMI组与高BMI组孕妇分别按体重增长进一步分为三个亚组,分析孕妇孕前体重指数和孕期体重增长与新生儿体重的关系。结果低BMI组、正常BMI组和高BMI组孕妇孕前体重指数与新生儿体重的相关系数（r）分别为0．128（P〉0．05）,0．138（P〈0．01）和0．126（P〈0．05）。低BMI组、正常BMI组和高BMI组孕妇孕期体重增加与新生儿体重的相关系数分别为0．629（P〈0．001）,0．236（P〈0．001）和0．195（P〈0．001）。正常BMI组孕妇孕期体重增加〈13．13kg亚组1与正常BMI组体重增加为（13．13～20．25）kg亚组1比较,巨大儿发生的OR=0．617,95％CI：0．424～0．864（P〈0．01）。正常BMI组孕妇孕期体重增加〉20．25kg亚组1与体重增加为（13．13～20．25）kg亚组1比较,巨大儿发生的OR=1．622,95％CI：1．116～2．356（P〈0．01）。正常BMI组中,各体重增长亚组比较,低体重儿发生率差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。高BMI组中,各体重增长亚组比较,低体重儿、巨大儿发生率差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论孕妇孕前体重指数及孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重呈正相关。为降低巨大儿发生率,正常体重指数组孕期体重增加不宜超过20．25kg。     

流动孕妇不同体重指数增长与新生儿出生体重相关性研究

目的探讨南汇区流动孕妇不同孕前、产前体重指数（BMI）及孕期体重指数增长（BMI△）与新生儿出生体重、巨大儿、低体重儿发生的关系。方法对在本院产检或转入本院产检并在本院分娩的485名单胎流动孕妇,通过计算其体重指数（BMI）,包括孕前、产前BMI及孕期体重指数增长（BMI△）,按孕前BMI〈18．5（消瘦型）,18．5≤BMI〈23（均衡型）。BMI≥23（肥胖型）;产前BMI〈26.26≤BMI〈32．BMI≥32：BMI△〈5,5≤BMI△〈8,BMI△≥8分别分成3组．分析不同孕前、产前体重指数及孕期体重指数增长情况与新生儿出生体重、巨大儿、低体重儿发生的关系。结果孕前、产前（BMI）及孕期体重指数增长（BMI△）与新生儿出生体重呈正相关关系．即孕前、产前BMI及BMI△越大,新生儿出生体重越重;与巨大儿发生呈正相关关系,即孕前、产前BMI及BMI△越大,巨大儿的发生越多;与低体重儿发生呈负相关关系,即孕前、产前BMI及BMIA越大,低体重儿的发生越少。结论孕前、产前BMI及孕期BMI△三者对新生儿出生体重有屁著的影响。孕期应加强产检．合理营养与适当的营养控制,避免过多的能量摄入．指导合理运动。积极控制胎儿体重．使孕妇获得满意的妊娠结局。     

孕前 BMI、孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重关系探讨

目的：探讨孕前不同体重指数（BMI）妇女孕期体重增加与新生儿出生体重的关系。方法回顾性分析2013年7—12月在北京市海淀区妇幼保健院建档、产前检查并分娩的单胎足月孕产妇资料,包括年龄、身高和孕前体重,分娩前体重,分娩孕周及新生儿出生体重等指标。结果4927例孕妇孕期平均体重增加（16.5±4.3）kg,胎儿出生体重平均为（3402.3±381.8）g,剖宫产率为34.7％。孕妇体重增加过多组、适中组和不足组的比例分别为32.9％、53.3％和13.8％,孕前不同 BMI 各组体重增长差异有统计学意义,随着孕前 BMI 增加,孕期增重数值呈下降趋势,组间差异有统计学意义。孕期体重增加与胎儿出生体重呈正相关（r ＝0.26）。分娩适宜胎龄儿3933例,孕前低体重组、孕前正常体重组、孕前超重组和肥胖组孕期增重适宜范围分别为14.0～19.0 kg、14.0～19.0 kg、11.5～17.0 kg 和8.0～16.5 kg,超过美国 IOM推荐范围,孕期体重增加的中位数（P50）分别为17.0 kg、16.0 kg、14.0和12.0 kg,孕期体重平均增加15.0kg（P50）。结论孕前 BMI、孕期孕妇体重增加与新生儿出生体重相关,孕期体重增加超过 IOM推荐范围,做好孕期体重管理势在必行。     

母亲孕前体质指数及孕期增重与新生儿出生体重的关系

目的探讨母亲孕前体质指数(BMI)、孕期增重与新生儿出生体重的关系。方法回顾性调查2013年10月1日—2014年9月30日期间分娩的宁海户籍产妇4 197人,根据孕前BMI分为低体重组、正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组,分析各组孕期体重增长幅度、新生儿出生体重及与分娩方式的关系。结果 4 197名孕妇孕期平均增重(14.38±4.14)kg,新生儿平均出生体重(3 253±412)g,巨大儿发生率6.58%。随着母亲孕前BMI增加,新生儿平均出生体重增加,巨大儿发生率增加(P均0.05)。不同BMI孕妇孕期平均增重不同,低体重组增加最多,肥胖组增加较少,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论孕前肥胖与孕期增重过多增加巨大儿的风险。     

孕前体质指数及孕期增重与妊高征和新生儿出生体重的关系

目的：探讨孕妇孕前体质指数及孕期增重情况对妊高征及新生儿出生体重的影响。方法：监测2412例足月单胎初产妇孕前的身高、体重和孕期体重增加情况，并随访妊高征、巨大儿和低出生体重儿的发生情况。结果：孕前高体重组孕妇妊高征和巨大儿的发生率明显高于低体重组和理想体重组（P〈0．001）；低体重组孕妇低出生体重儿的发生率明显高于理想体重组和高体重组（P〈0．001）；无论孕前体质指数如何，当孕期体重增加≥18kg时妊高征和巨大儿的发生率明显增高（P〈0．001）；当孕期体重增加〈9kg时低出生体重儿的发生率明显增高（P〈0．001）。结论：孕前体质指数和孕期增重是妊高征及新生儿出生体重的重要影响因素，提倡定期产前检查及重视母亲孕期体重变化。     

湖北省新生儿出生体重影响因素分析

目的 探讨湖北省部分地区孕妇膳食营养对新生儿出生体重的影响,为制定符合湖北省实际情况的干预策略和措施提供参考依据.方法 抽取湖北省城乡孕妇进行追踪调查,现场完成问卷调查.对孕、产妇和新生儿进行体格检查,采集孕妇血样测定血营养生化指标.结果 新生儿302人均为单胎活产,其中男婴156人,女婴146人,性别比为106.85:100,平均出生体重为3 392g,低出生体重儿和巨大儿发生率分别为3.97%和13.25%.孕期增重较少、血清钙和血清维素A浓度较低是孕妇分娩低出生体重儿的危险因素.孕期增重过多、孕前体质指数(BMI)过高是孕妇分娩巨大儿的危险因素.结论 孕妇膳食、营养影响新生儿出生体重,保持合理的孕前体质指数、适当的孕期增重、提高血钙水平、维持孕期正常范围的维生素A浓度有助于分娩适宜体重的新生儿.     

Birth Weight and Infant Growth: Optimal Infant Weight Gain versus Optimal Infant Weight

Objective: Infant growth assessment often focuses on “optimal” infant weights and lengths at specific ages, while de-emphasizing infant weight gain. Objective of this study was to examine infant growth patterns by measuring infant weight gain relative to birth weight. Methods: We conducted this study based on data collected in a prospective cohort study including 3,302 births with follow up examinations of infants between the ages of 8 and 18 months. All infants were participants in the Louisiana State Women, Infant and Children Supplemental Food Program between 1999 and 2001. Growth was assessed by infant weight gain percentage (IWG%, defined as infant weight gain divided by birth weight) as well as by mean z-scores and percentiles for weight-for-age, length-for-age, and weight-for-length calculated based on growth charts published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Results: An inverse relationship was noted between birth weight category and IWG% (from 613.9% for infants with birth weights <1500 g to 151.3% for infants with birth weights of 4000 g or more). In contrast, low birth weight infants had lower weight-for-age, weight-for-length z-scores and percentiles compared to normal birth weight infants according to CDC growth charts. Conclusions: Although low birth weight infants had lower anthropometric measures compared to a national reference population, they had significant catch-up growth; High birth weight infants had significant slow-down growth. We suggest that growth assessments should compare infants’ anthropometric data to their own previous growth measures as well as to a reference population. Further studies are needed to identify optimal ranges of infant weight gain.     

减肥,减肥,减减肥肥

眼下,国人胖子多了起来,雍容华贵之态日显。 20世纪末,减肥成为人们的时髦话题,减肥美容的浪潮热遍全国。于是,减肥药、减肥茶、瘦身内衣、减肥化妆品等应运而生,减肥产品你方唱罢我登场,市场空前热闹。尽管这些减肥商品价格不菲,可人们对它还     

Weight Control Strategies of Overweight Adolescents Who Successfully Lost Weight

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the differences in weight control behaviors, dietary intake, and physical activity between overweight adolescents who lost weight and overweight adolescents who did not lose weight. This cross-sectional study compared 62 overweight adolescents who lost weight in the past with 68 overweight adolescents who did not lose weight. Youth responded to questions regarding weight control behaviors during the past year, physical activity, sedentary activity, and dietary intake. Results showed that adolescents who lost weight were more likely to report using healthful weight control behaviors such as drinking less soda and increasing their exercise level, self-weighing, consuming diets higher in protein, and spending less time watching television compared to overweight adolescents who did not lose weight. Unhealthful weight control behaviors and specific weight loss plans were not associated with weight loss in these teenagers. Adolescents would benefit from hearing this information to prevent the development of these behaviors. Providers should advise adolescents to engage in healthful weight control behaviors, such as increasing physical activity and decreasing the amount of time spent watching television, to assist with weight management.     

Adolescents' Perceptions of Relative Weight and Self-Reported Weight Loss Activities

Data from the 1990 North Carolina Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) were used to examine adolescents' perceptions of relative weight and the relationship of these perceptions to physical activity levels, efforts to lose weight, and time spent viewing television. A total of 3,437 ninth and 12th grade respondents to the May 1990 survey were included in the analysis. Of this sample, 25% perceived themselves as "too fat." Of that group, 68% were trying to lose weight. Females made up 75% of those reporting they were "too fat" and were trying to lose weight. White females were more likely to think of themselves as overweight and were more likely to be trying to lose weight than black females. Adolescents who perceived themselves as "too fat" reported fewer days of strenuous activity, fewer hours of strenuous exercise in physical education classes, and more hours spent viewing television on school days.     

Exercise and Lean Weight: The Influence of Body Weight

Exercise can produce a modest gain of lean body mass (LBM) and loss of fat in weight-stable individuals, but it is important to realize that if much weight is lost during exercise there is a risk of some erosion of the LBM. Data from both human and animal experiments show that exercise cannot conserve lean weight in the face of significant energy deficit, although moderate obesity affords a modicum of protection in this respect.     

3种鼠类的肝重与体重关系研究

目的：探讨３种鼠的肝脏相对重量与年龄、性别及生境变化的关系。方法：动物称重后解剖,取出肝脏称重;计算肝的相对重量。结果：３种鼠的肝相对重量存在显著性差异;黄胸鼠与褐家鼠的年龄、性别变化相似,大足鼠的年龄变化与这２种鼠相反。结论：３种鼠的肝相对重量的年龄、性别变化与其生活环境有关。     

Weight in Wales

The Nutrition Strategy for Wales, Food and Well Being, has identified nine recommendations to bring about improvements in the nutrition of the people of Wales, including one specifically on obesity. The aim of this study was to scope current activities in weight management by health professionals in Wales, and to explore possibilities for future effective working. Qualitative data were collated via six focus group interviews, based on semi‐structured questions. These were conducted with five groups of health professionals in six separate areas of Wales, during a 1‐month period in 2003. In total, 58 health professionals were interviewed in uni‐professional focus groups. The analysis was based on grounded theory methodology using transcribed data from audio‐tape recordings, which were coded and categorised manually, and emergent themes identified. Four major themes emerged from the focus groups, each having two sub‐themes, and it is clear from the scoping work that current weight management practice varies across Wales, within and between professions, and in general with little sharing of information. All those interviewed were involved in weight management to some degree, but there was little consistency of approach and in general, no one professional group felt they were leaders in the field, with frustration emerging that no one profession is showing the way. Tackling obesity and overweight has to become a greater public health priority and thus from the findings, practical recommendations are made for Wales.