饲料构成影响大鼠不同组织中UCP2 mRNA的表达

目的　探讨不同饲料构成对大鼠褐色脂肪组织、白色脂肪组织与骨骼肌解偶联蛋白 - 2基因表达的影响。方法　利用不同的饲料 (包括基础饲料、高蛋白、高脂肪饲料、高能饲料 1与高能饲料 2 )喂养雄性Wistar大鼠 2个月 ,观察不同饲料构成对大鼠体重、脂体比与游离脂肪酸的影响 ,并应用RT PCR方法则定大鼠褐色脂肪组织、白色脂肪组织与骨骼肌UCP2mRNA表达水平。结果　高能饲料 1组与高能饲料 2组的体重、脂体比与游离脂肪酸均显著高于基础组、高蛋白组与高脂肪组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而后三者的体重、脂体比与游离脂肪酸无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。高能饲料 1与高能饲料 2组白色脂肪组织UCP2基因表达增强 ,而能量相同的基础组、高蛋白组与高脂肪组没有明显差异。各组褐色脂肪组织与骨骼肌UCP2mRNA水平相近。结论　能量能诱导大鼠白色脂肪组织UCP2mRNA表达 ,表达的强弱与体内的储存能量多少有关。褐色脂肪组织与骨骼肌UCP2mRAN表达不受饲料成分的影响。     

饲料构成影响大鼠解偶联蛋白-2基因的表达

目的 探讨不同饲料构成对大鼠白色脂肪组织解偶联蛋白－2基因表达的影响。方法 利用不同的饲料喂养雄性Wistar大鼠2个月，观察不同饲料构成对大鼠体重、脂体比的影响，并应用RT－PCR方法测定大鼠白色脂肪组织UCP2 mRNA表达水平。结果 高能饲料1组与高能饲料2组的体重、脂体比均显高于基础组、高蛋白组与高脂肪组（P＜0．05），而后三的体重、脂体比无显性差异（P＞0．05）。高能饲料1组与高能饲料2组UCP2基因表达增强，而能量相同的基础组、高蛋白组与高脂肪组没有明显差异。结论 能量能诱导大鼠白色脂肪组织UCP2 mRNA表达，表达的强弱与体内的储存能量多少有关。     

不同膳食构成对葡萄糖转运因子-4影响

目的探讨不同饲料构成对大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运因子-4的影响。方法利用不同饲料（包括基础饲料、高蛋白、高脂肪、高能1与高能2饲料）喂养雄性Wistar大鼠9周,观察不同饲料构成对大鼠体重、脂体比、血糖及胰岛素的影响,并应用蛋白印迹法测定大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运因子-4含量。结果高能饲料1组与高能饲料2组的体重、脂体比、血糖、胰岛素均显著高于基础组、高蛋白组与高脂肪组（P〈0.05）,而后3组体重、脂体比、血糖、胰岛素比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。高能饲料1组与高能饲料2组葡萄糖转运因子-4含量减少,能量相同的基础组、高蛋白组与高脂肪组含量相近。结论高能饲料可影响机体的葡萄糖代谢。     

铁对肥胖大鼠解偶联蛋白(UCP2和UCP3)基因表达的影响

为了探讨铁对肥胖大鼠白色脂肪组织中UCP2及骨骼肌中UCP3基因表达的影响 ,应用RT PCR方法测定UCP2、UCP3mRNA表达水平。结果表明 :(1)适量补铁可改善机体甲状腺激素水平 ;(2 ) 5、10、2 0倍铁的高能饲料组肥胖大鼠的脂体比正常铁高能饲料组显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(3)缺铁使肥胖大鼠UCP2、UC P3mRNA表达水平明显降低 ;(4)补铁可使肥胖大鼠骨骼肌中UCP3mRNA表达水平增强 ,以 5倍 [(2 5 5 1mg (kg·d·BW) ]剂量铁组的UCP3mRNA表达水平最强 ,约是基础饲料组大鼠的 2倍 ;而对高能饲料诱导的白色脂肪组织中的UCP2基因表达增强无影响。结论认为适量补铁能改善机体甲状腺激素水平 ,促进肥胖大鼠骨骼肌中UCP3mRNA表达 ,但不能增加高能诱导的白色脂肪组织中UCP2基因表达     

饮食诱导肥胖有抵抗性的大鼠解偶联蛋白-2基因的表达

目的　探讨高脂饮食诱导肥胖抵抗大鼠褐色脂肪组织 (BAT)、白色脂肪组织 (WAT)和骨骼肌解偶联蛋白 2 (UCP2 )基因的表达。方法　采用 5 0只健康雄性SD大鼠 ,随机分为对照组和高脂组 ,分别用基础饲料和高脂饲料喂养 13周 ,然后根据体重筛选出DIO R和DIO组观察饮食诱导肥胖抵抗 (DIO R)大鼠体重与能量摄入量的变化 ,应用RT PCR方法测定大鼠褐色脂肪组织、白色脂肪组织和骨骼肌UCP2mRNA表达水平。结果　饮食诱导肥胖 (DIO)大鼠体重与总能量摄入量 (4 89 7± 2 0 5 )g、(3436 3± 14 6 5 )kJl明显高于DIO R大鼠 (4 2 5 1± 2 7 1) g ,(316 93± 94 6 )kJ。白色脂肪组织中 ,DIO R大鼠UCP2mRNA的峰面积为 (35 2± 30 )mm2 ,DIO大鼠UCP2mRNA的峰面积为 (10 1±12 )mm2 ;DIO及DIO R大鼠骨骼肌UCP2mRNA的峰面积分别为 (130± 15 )mm2 、(170± 12 )mm2 ;DIO R大鼠和DIO大鼠褐色脂肪组织UCP2mRNA的峰面积为 (12 4± 14 )mm2 、(14 7± 19)mm2 。结论　DIO R大鼠白色脂肪组织UCP2mRNA表达明显增加 ,提示肥胖抵抗与组织特异增加UCP2的表达相关。     

共轭亚油酸对肥胖大鼠UCP2基因表达的影响

目的 通过研究共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid，CLA)对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠解偶联蛋白2(Unconpling protein 2，UCP2)基因表达的影响，探讨CLA降低体重、体脂作用的机制。方法 选用雄性Wistar大鼠，随机分为对照组、高脂组、高脂 CLA组(每100g饲料含CLA分别为0．75，1．50，3．00g)，每组动物10只，观察CLA对肥胖大鼠体重、体脂、血脂水平的影响，并应用RT-PCR的方法检测UCP2 mRNA的表达水平。结果 CLA可降低饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的体重和体脂含量，降低血清甘油三酯、胆固醇、游离脂肪酸水平，并可增加肥胖大鼠脂肪组织UCP2 mRNA的表达水平。结论 CLA可改善肥胖大鼠的脂代谢紊乱，增加UCP2基因的表达，发挥降低体重、体脂的作用。     

解偶联蛋白在肥胖抵抗中的作用

目的探讨解偶联蛋白在大鼠抵抗饮食诱导肥胖中的作用.方法将50只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和高脂组,分别用基础饲料和高脂饲料喂养13周,然后根据体重和能量摄入量筛选出饮食诱导肥胖抵抗(dietinduced obesity resistance,DIO-R)和饮食诱导肥胖(diet-induced obesity,DIO)组,观察体重的变化;RT-PCR法测定大鼠褐色脂肪、白色脂肪及骨骼肌中解偶联蛋白mRNA水平.结果DIO-R大鼠体重明显低于DIO大鼠(P＜0.05);高脂饲料可增加DIO-R大鼠褐色脂肪解联偶蛋白(UCP)mRNA、白色脂肪UCP2 mRNA及骨骼肌UCP3 mR-NA水平.结论解偶联蛋白表达增加在肥胖抵抗大鼠的能量消耗中起重要作用,是大鼠抵抗肥胖发生的部分原因.     

钙对高脂膳食大鼠解偶联蛋白基因表达的影响

目的　探讨膳食钙对高脂饮食大鼠白色脂肪组织和骨骼肌解偶联蛋白 2 (uncouplingprotein2 ,UCP2 )基因表达的影响。方法　将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成 6组 ,每组 9只 ,分别喂以基础饲料A组 (0 5%钙 )、高脂低钙饲料B组 (0 0 8%钙 )、高脂正常钙饲料C组 (0 5%钙 )、高脂高钙饲料D和E组 (1%和 1 5%钙 )和高脂高钙 (1 5%钙 )+维生素D(60 0U % )饲料F组 ,9周后断头取血测血糖、血清胰岛素和瘦素 ,应用RT -PCR方法测定白色脂肪组织和骨路肌UCP2mRNA表达水平。结果　C组体重和体脂含量显著高于其它各组 (P <0 0 1) ,膳食高脂高钙的D、E、F组体重增加的趋势明显降低 ,体重与A组接近 ;C组血糖和胰岛素均有增高趋势 ,C组胰岛素显著高于A、D、E、F组(P <0 0 5) ,但血糖各组无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。与A组相比 ,C组血清瘦素水平显著增高 (P <0 0 5) ,D、E、F组血清瘦素有增高趋势 ,但无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。高脂高钙的D、E、F组与高脂正常钙的C组相比 ,白色脂肪UCP2mRNA并未增强 ,但骨骼肌UCP2mRNA表达明显增强。高脂低钙的B组白色脂肪UCP2mRNA比C组明显降低。结论　膳食高钙不但可以明显降低体重增加的趋势 ,还可以改善高胰岛素血症 ,促进瘦素分泌和骨骼肌UCP2mRNA的表达 ,有利于肥胖的防治     

断乳后不同饲料构成对大鼠体重、体脂含量及激素敏感性脂肪酶基因表达的影响

目的研究断乳后不同饲料构成对高脂膳食大鼠体脂含量及脂肪组织中激素敏感性脂肪酶(HSL)基因表达的影响。方法新生Wistar雄性大鼠24天断乳,按体重随机分为A、B、C、D四组,分别给予高碳水化合物构成的基础饲料、高蛋白质构成饲料、高不饱和脂肪酸和高饱和脂肪酸构成饲料喂养3周。然后均转为基础饲料喂养2周后,按体重将A组随机分为A1、A2两组。A1组继续喂饲基础饲料作为对照组,A2和B、C、D四组给予高脂饲料喂养6周,结束实验;A2组则为高碳水化合物组。动态观察大鼠的体重、体脂含量、血糖变化及白色脂肪组织HSLmRNA水平。结果实验末期,断乳后喂饲高不饱和脂肪酸构成饲料的C组,体重、体脂含量和血糖均显著低于高碳水化合物组A2(P<0·05);断乳后喂饲高蛋白质的B组体重和体脂含量明显低于A2组(P<0·05),但血糖水平高于A2(P>0·05);断乳后摄取高饱和脂肪酸饲料的D组,尽管体重明显低于A2(P<0·05),但血糖和体脂含量与A2组无差异(P>0·05)。动态观察表明,断乳后喂饲高不饱和脂肪酸的C组大鼠,白色脂肪组织HSL基因表达水平持续升高。结论断乳后喂饲高不饱和脂肪酸饲料不仅可以降低高脂膳食大鼠的体重、体脂含量,还可明显改善血糖异常,抑制肥胖形成;对基因表达的调控可能参与早期饮食对后续肥胖的程序性影响。     

UCPs和PPARγ2基因在饮食诱导大鼠肥胖抵抗中的作用

目的探讨白色脂肪组织UCPs和PPARγ2基因在高脂饮食诱导大鼠肥胖抵抗中的作用。方法36只雌性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为高脂实验组和基础对照组,分别给予高脂饲料和基础饲料13周。实验结束时,根据体重将高脂组大鼠分为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)和饮食诱导肥胖抵抗(DIO-R)大鼠,比较各组大鼠体重、脂肪湿重、脂体比、空腹血糖(FBG)及血脂谱;RT-PCR法测定白色脂肪组织UCP2、UCP3及PPARγ2mRNA的表达水平。结果DIO-R及DIO大鼠脂体比、TC、LDL-C、TG等指标均显著高于对照组相,但DIO-R组体重、脂肪湿重、脂体比、TG显著低于DIO组(P<0.05);DIO-R大鼠UCP2和UCP3mRNA的表达水平高于DIO大鼠和对照组(P<0.01),PPARγ2mRNA的表达水平低于DIO大鼠(P<0.01),高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论高脂饮食诱导大鼠发生肥胖抵抗与白色脂肪组UCP2、UCP3高表达及PPARγ2mRNA表达下降密切相关。     

Adaptive changes in adipocyte gene expression differ in AKR/J and SWR/J mice during diet-induced obesity

Obesity-prone (AKR/J) and obesity-resistant (SWR/J) mice were weaned onto low (LF) or high fat (HF) diets to identify adaptive changes in adipocyte gene expression that are associated with differences between the strains in fat deposition. Food consumption was monitored at weekly intervals and all mice were evaluated after consuming their respective diets for 4 wk for analysis of mRNA levels of selected metabolic genes. Despite similar food consumption, body weight and fat deposition were significantly greater in AKR/J than in SWR/J mice, and this difference was greatly accentuated by the HF diet. The HF diet produced distinct differences between strains in gene expression patterns among fat depots. In AKR/J mice, UCP1 mRNA was decreased 10-fold in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and four- to fivefold in retroperitoneal and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT). The HF diet also decreased PGC-1 and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor mRNA by two- and ninefold in BAT from AKR/J mice. In contrast, the HF diet either increased uncoupling protein (UCP)1 in BAT or had no effect on expression of these genes in adipose tissues from SWR/J mice. UCP2 mRNA was fourfold higher in WAT from AKR/J compared with SWR/J mice and increased by an additional twofold in WAT from AKR/J mice fed the HF diet. UCP2 was unaffected by diet in SWR/J mice. These studies show that the diet-induced obesity of AKR/J mice is characterized by increased metabolic efficiency and is associated with changes in adipocyte gene expression that limit the adaptive thermogenic response to increased energy density.     

Body fat accumulation is greater in rats fed a beef tallow diet than in rats fed a safflower or soybean oil diet

The effects of dietary fats , consisting of different fatty acids, on body fat accumulation and uncoupling protein (UCP) in interscapular brown adipose tissue were studied in rats. Metabolisable energy in experimental diets based on safflower oil, soybean oil or beef tallow was measured strictly (experiment 1). Male Wistar rats were then meal-fed an isoenergetic diet for 8 weeks (experiment 2). Each group of rats showed the same weight gain during the 8-week experimental period. Carcass fat content was greater in rats fed the beef tallow diet than in those fed the with the safflower or soybean oil diets, whereas the weight of abdominal adipose tissue was the same for all three dietary groups. Gene expression of UCP1 and the UCP content of the interscapular brown adipose tissue was lower in the beef tallow diet group than in the other dietary groups. A negative correlation was observed between carcass fat content and n-6 unsaturated fatty acid content in dietary fats. These results suggest that the greater body fat accumulation in rats fed the beef tallow diet results from lower expression of UCP1 mRNA and lower UCP content in brown adipose tissue. n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids may be the most effective fatty acids in limiting body fat.     

Effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on the expression of uncoupling proteins in hamsters fed an atherogenic diet

It is known that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) feeding decreases body adiposity but the mechanisms involved are not clear. The aim of this study was to analyse whether alterations in uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT, respectively) and in skeletal muscle may be responsible for the effect of trans-10, cis-12 CLA on the size of body fat depots in hamsters. Animals were divided into three groups and fed an atherogenic diet with different amounts of trans-10, cis-12 CLA (0 control, 0.5, or 1 g/100 g diet) for 6 weeks. CLA feeding reduced adipose depot weights, but had no effect on body weight. Leptin mRNA expression decreased in both subcutaneous and perirenal WAT depots, in accordance with lower adiposity, whereas resistin mRNA expression was not changed. Animals fed CLA had lower UCP1 mRNA levels in BAT (both doses of CLA) and in perirenal WAT (the low dose), and lower UCP3 mRNA levels in subcutaneous WAT (the high dose). UCP2 mRNA expression in WAT was not significantly affected by CLA feeding. Animals fed the high dose of CLA showed increased UCP3 and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I (CPT-I) mRNA expression levels in skeletal muscle. In summary, induction of UCP1 or UCP2 in WAT and BAT is not likely to be responsible for the fat-reduction action of CLA, but the increased expression of UCP3 in skeletal muscle, together with a higher expression of CPT-I, may explain the previously reported effects of dietary CLA in lowering adiposity and increasing fatty acid oxidation by skeletal muscle.     

Long–term dietary high protein intake up–regulates tissue specific gene expression of uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 in rats

Summary Background The consequences of chronic high protein (HP) diets are discussed controversially and are not well understood. Rats adapted to HP exposure show an increased amino acid and fat oxidation and lower feed energy efficiency. We hypothesized that the dietary protein level can affect gene expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) homologues which is suggested to be involved in thermogenesis, substrate oxidation, and energy expenditure. Aim of the study To assess the mRNA expression of UCP homologues in various tissues of rats fed HP diets and to relate UCP gene expression to various parameters of substrate and energy metabolism. To obtain further indications for the possible involvement of UCP in reducing feed energy efficiency under conditions of HP exposure. Methods Adult rats were adapted to casein based diets containing either 13.8% (adequate, AP), 25.7% (medium, MP), or 51.3 % (high, HP) crude protein. Rats were fed for 8 wk and killed in the postabsorptive state. Energy expenditure and mRNA expression were measured using indirect calorimetry and Northern blot analysis, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine relationships between UCP mRNA expression and metabolic parameters. Results Hepatic UCP2 mRNA expression was increased by MP and HP diets compared to AP diet. In skeletal muscle UCP2 mRNA expression was lowest under MP conditions. UCP1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was significantly increased by HP exposure. The values were inversely associated with feed energy efficiency and positively with energy expenditure and oxygen consumption in the dark period. Skeletal muscle UCP2 and –3 mRNA expression strongly correlated with the plasma free fatty acid concentration, whereas BAT UCP1 and hepatic UCP2 gene expression did not. Conclusions Our results indicate that hepatic UCP2 and BAT UCP1 mRNA expression is related to the level of dietary protein intake. This suggests a role of UCPs in substrate oxidation and in thermogenesis under conditions of HP exposure. Presented in part: The EAAP Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, September 13–18, 2003, Rostock–Warnemuende, Germany.     

The Effects of Chronic Consumption of Lipid-Rich and Delipidated Bovine Dairy Milk on Brown Adipose Tissue Volume in Wild-Type Mice

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is associated with increased energy expenditure by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. The ingestion of a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplement and a high calorie diet are reported gateways into BAT activation. However, little is known about the effect of the MFGM and high calorie diets on BAT volume. To gain insight into this, mice were maintained on a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet in conjunction with either full-cream (FC) or skim bovine dairy milk (BDM). After being maintained on their respective diets for 13 weeks, their body composition, including BAT volume, was measured using X-ray microtomography. A high calorie diet resulted in an increase in the BAT volume and mice consuming an HF diet in conjunction with FC BDM had a significantly greater BAT volume than all the other groups. Conversely, mice consuming an HF diet in addition to skim milk had a lower BAT volume compared to the HF control. The data presented suggest that the consumption of a high calorie diet in conjunction with FC BDM increases the BAT volume in wild-type mice. This study may provide valuable insight into future studies investigating BAT volume and BAT activity in relation to environmental factors, including diet.     

膳食钙对高脂膳食大鼠骨骼肌解偶联蛋白3基因表达的影响

为探讨膳食钙对高脂膳食大鼠骨骼肌解偶联蛋白 3 (UCP3 )基因表达的影响 ,将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成 6组 ,每组 9只 ,分别喂以基础饲料A组 ( 0 5 %钙 )、高脂低钙饲料B组 ( 0 0 8%钙 )、高脂正常钙饲料C组 ( 0 5 %钙 )、高脂高钙饲料D和E组 ( 1%和 1 5 %钙 )和高脂高钙 ( 1 5 %钙 ) +维生素D( 60 0IU % )饲料F组 ,9周后取血测全血血糖、血清瘦素、胰岛素、甲状腺激素 ,应用RT PCR方法测定骨骼肌UCP3mRNA表达水平。结果显示 ,C组体重和体脂含量明显高于A组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,膳食高脂高钙的D、E、F组体重增加的趋势明显降低。C组血糖和胰岛素均有增高趋势 ,C组胰岛素显著高于A、D、E、F组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但血糖各组无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。与A组相比 ,C组血清瘦素水平显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,D、E、F组血清瘦素有增高趋势 ,但无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。D、E、F组血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸 (FT3 )明显增高 ,与A、B、C组相比均有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。血清游离四碘甲腺原氨酸 (FT4)各组无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。高脂正常钙的C组骨骼肌UCP3mRNA水平明显低于基础组 ,高脂高钙的D、E、F组UCP3mRNA与C组相比均明显增强。表明膳食钙不但可以改善高脂膳食诱发的体重增加的趋势 ,改善高胰岛素血症 ,还     

Altered brown adipose tissue and Na,K pump activities during diet-induced obesity and weight loss in rats

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is an uncoupled ATPase-independent thermogenic mechanism. Ion transport by the Na,K pump is an ATPase-dependent thermogenic mechanism. Both have been proposed as mechanisms of altered energy expenditure during states of dietary energy surfeit and deficit. Our aim was to study these mechanisms during diet-induced obesity and weight loss. Over 36 weeks rats were fed lard- or tallow-based diets (63% energy as fat), or a control diet (12% energy as fat). During periods of restriction rats were fed 50% of the energy intake of controls in the form of a control diet. Several components of thermogenic response increased in rats eating high fat diets and decreased following dietary restriction. BAT activation occurred, particularly with a lard-based diet, as indicated by increased GDP binding and uncoupling protein (UCP) content. Na,K pump activity in thymocytes increased with the feeding of both high fat diets at some time points. Plasma T3 level increased in rats eating the lard-based diet and decreased with dietary restriction regardless of previous diet. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of the animals was unchanged despite increases in these thermogenic components and was decreased in all groups following dietary restriction. Our results indicate a lack of any major role for activated BAT thermogenesis in mitigating the extent of the obesity induced by the high fat diets. The reasons for the differences in response to the two different sources of saturated fat, lard, and tallow, are not clear.     

Dietary supplementation of high levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids to ewes during late gestation reduces thermogenesis in newborn lambs by depressing fatty acid oxidation in perirenal brown adipose tissue

We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of (n-6) plus (n-3) PUFA during late gestation would increase uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene expression and thereby increase thermogenic capacity of newborn lambs. Thirty twin-bearing ewes were fed rumen-protected fat (2, 4, or 8%) high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SMFA) or high in (n-6) and (n-3) PUFA. Lambs (n = 7-10 per ewe treatment group) were placed in a cold chamber at 0 degrees C for 2 h. Rectal temperature was higher at birth and increased more with cold exposure in lambs from ewes fed 2 or 4% supplemental fat than in lambs from ewes fed 8% SMFA (fat type x fat level interaction, P = 0.001). Cytochrome c oxidase activity was greatest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) lambs from ewes fed 2% SMFA or 4% PUFA (fat type x fat level interaction, P = 0.01). BAT of lambs from ewes fed 2 or 4% PUFA had nearly 7-fold more (P = 0.05) UCP1 mRNA than BAT of lambs from ewes fed 8% PUFA. UCP1 expression decreased by over 80% by 24 h of age. Supplementation of 8% fat tended to depress palmitate esterification into lipids (P = 0.07) and decreased palmitate oxidation (P = 0.003) in lamb BAT in vitro, especially in those lambs from ewes fed 8% SMFA. Thus, supplementing the diets of ewes with 8% SMFA depressed cold tolerance in newborn lambs, which was reflected in their decreased ability to oxidize fatty acids in vitro.