上海市住院医师规范化培训制度阶段性评估

采用"结构-过程-结果"评价模型,在文献评阅、专家咨询和利益相关方访谈的基础上,从政策问题分析、政策构架、培训医院建设与管理以及培训成效等维度,对上海市住院医师规范化培训制度实施一年来的情况进行阶段性评估,分析影响政策推进及其效果的潜在因素,为政策推进与调整提供参考。     

北京:采用多元投入的经费保障机制

正原北京市卫生局、市教委、市财政局、市人力社保局和市中医管理局联合印发了《关于推进北京市住院医师规范化培训制度建设的意见》,自2012年起在北京地区全面建立住院医师规范化培训制度。建立会商制度,加强组织协调为全面推进住院医师规范化培训,首先,在首都医药卫生协调委员会层面实施住院医师规范化培训会商制度,由市级卫生计生行政部门负责住院医师规范化培训的组织领导和政策协调。其次,成立住院医师规范化培训工作指导委员会和专科委员会,负责提出     

基于政策源流理论的广西地中海贫血防治计划政策过程分析

地中海贫血是我国南方一些省份高发的遗传性疾病,严重影响了我国出生人口素质。本文依据John Kingdon的"政策源流"模型,对广西地中海贫血防治计划的形成过程进行分析,探讨该防治计划形成过程中的问题流、政策流和政治流,阐述三流汇聚及"政策之窗"开启的过程。广西地中海贫血防治计划的制定源于对妇幼健康问题的深刻了解,并由政策制定者调研构建方案体系。在国家深化医药卫生体制改革的政治环境下,广西的地中海贫血作为地方性的重大公共卫生问题得到了政策决策者的关注,在一定的政治时机下,三方源流形成合力推动了政策的出台。广西地中海贫血防治计划的出台遵循"政策源流"理论的基本原理和过程,为我国新医改背景下的公共卫生政策分析提供了理论和实践依据。     

住院医师对规范化培训制度的认知态度调查

目的 了解上海市住院医师规范化培训制度实施1年来住院医师对培训的认知与态度,为发现培训中的问题、提出改进意见提供信息支持.方法 对上海市2010年招录的住院医师进行抽样问卷调查.结果 住院医师对规范化培训的认知情况较好,仅有0.89％的人认为自己对医院的培训工作完全不了解;对于培训的态度也比较积极,占总数56.37％的人认为参加培训使自己在未来工作中有一定优势;对培训的总体满意度也较高,但其中薪酬满意度仅为2.88％.结论 上海市住院医师规范化培训取得了一定成效,2010年招录的住院医师对培训政策的认识不断加深,态度与看法正面积极,在培训内容、基地设施、带教水平、师资为人和带教积极性方面的满意程度也较高.建议从更加细致化和规范化的角度来完善政策.     

上海市住院医师规范化培训实施

本文对上海市开展的住院医师规范化培训,从培训考核机制、基地和师资队伍建设、人事管理制度及外界支持等方面进行分析,反映上海市住院医师规范化培训的优越性和创新性,对在军队和全国范围内建立住院医师规范化培训制度具有借鉴意义.     

上海市住院医师规范化培训学员二次就业探讨

探讨上海市住院医师规范化培训学员完成培训后二次就业的现状以及在此过程中存在的问题,针对问题提出如何科学合理进行二次就业的建议,以帮助住院医师规范化培训学员顺利就业,促进住院医师规范化培训的开展和政策落实。     

广东省住院医师规范化培训实施现状、问题及对策

建立住院医师规范化培训制度是建立医学人才培养长效机制,保障医疗卫生事业健康、持续发展的重要措施.广东省作为我国住院医师规范化培训启动较早的省份,取得了一定成效.本文分析了其实施的现状,并与部分省市进行了比较,指出当前广东省住院医师规范化培训依然面临的一些问题,如配套政策不完善,地区发展存在差异,经费得不到保障,培训基地良莠不齐等.建议完善相关政策,促进培训工作可持续发展;政府设立专项经费,吸引优秀人才;加强基地建设,保证人才培养质量.     

住院医师规范化培训将有“国标”

国家卫生和计划生育委员会网站发布《住院医师规范化培训标准(试行)》草案,向社会公开征求意见。《标准》提出,住院医师规范化培训是培养合格临床医师必经的毕业后医学教育阶段,为期3年的住院医师规范化培训以临床实践培训为重点,取得培训合格证书将逐步作为临床医师在医疗机构独立从事诊疗工作和进入专科医师培训以及中级职称晋升的必备条件。为尽快全面建立和实施住院医师规范化培训制度,进而为建立实施专科医师培训制度奠定基础,国家卫生计生委委托中国医师协会组织专家制定了《住院医师规范化培训标准(试行)》。该《标准》包括培训总则和     

住院医师规范化培训筹资中存在的问题及对策

目前,住院医师规范化培训缺乏有效的资金筹措机制和配套政策。通过对现存问题进行分析,提出对策,建议政府充分利用卫生资源,做好住院医师规范化培训的总体布局,制定合理的筹资政策,采用多种途径来解决培训经费不足的矛盾,以利于住院医师规范化培训的可持续发展。     

上海市住院医师规范化培训效果的初步评价

目的 :对上海市住院医师规范化培训制度实施一年的培训效果进行初步分析,为发现培训中的问题、提出改进意见提供信息支持。方法 :对上海市2010年招录的住院医师进行抽样问卷调查。结果 :2010年上海市住院医师规范化培训取得了一定成效,医院重视基本技能培训和带教老师带教,住院医师表示临床能力有一定程度提高。但细节规范方面仍有待完善。结论 :应从重视基本技能操作培训的规范性、加强带教老师培训内容的专业针对性以及建立住院医师培训协作交流平台方面进一步落实培训目的,同时,加强培训实施效果的评估,以监督培训的开展,保证培训质量。     

住院医师规范化培训考核体系改革的探索

目的:在上海市推行新的住院医师规范化培训制度之际,东方医院对原有的住院医师考核体系进行改革,探索住院医师规范化培训过程中更合理的考核体系。方法:对住院医师考核体系的主旨、内容、流程、方法及与绩效挂钩等方面进行改革。结果:改革后的考核体系有利于提高住院医师培训的积极性,提高对住院医师培训的管理效率。结论:探索建立一套适合于住院医师规范化培训的考核体系,可有效提高住院医师规范化培训质量。     

上海市实行专科医师制度的策略研究

目的探讨上海市建立既符合实际又与国际接轨的专科医师制度办法。方法通过对相关文献回顾,借鉴先进国家和地区实践经验,就其中关键问题,如专科医师制度的管理框架、专科培训基础、资格认定模式以及配套政策等,进行问卷调查。共对上海市122所二级及以上医院1467名管理人员、临床专家和住院医师进行问卷调查、通过分析总结,提出上海市实行专科医师制度的策略。结集认为行业学会应承担制定标准和资质认定职能的分别占67.17%和66.64％,认为卫生行政部门有必要对行业协会的评定结果进行复审的占45.40％;有72.35％的被调查者认为专科医师培训可以构筑在住院医师规范化培训基础上;67.10％的被调查者认为培训经费应由政府和个人共同分担;95.66％的被调查者认为在获得专科医师资质认定证书后需要定期接受资质再认定。结论依据调查结果,同时借鉴其他国家和地区的实践经验,可以认为,上海实施专科医师制度可采用“行政授权”模式,关键在于克服人事等配套政策上存在的问题。此外,专科医师资格认定模式可归纳为“PPCR”模式。     

新冠肺炎疫情下全科医师规范化培训社区教学的实践与思考*

突如其来的新型冠状病毒感染肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)疫情是对社区卫生防控体系和能力的一次大考,也给全科医师规范化培训(以下简称规培)社区教学带来很大的挑战。上钢社区卫生服务中心根据上海市新冠疫情形势的变化情况,对疫情特殊时期"理论+实战+云端"教学模式进行了合理探索,将教学扩展到疫情一线,针对疫情中全科医生应具备的技能,开展实战教学与线上教学,保证教学质量,完成教学任务。通过对比学员培训前后新冠肺炎相关理论知识成绩及处理能力,发现运用该模式教学后,规培医师对突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力提升显著。这种在实践中不断探索与提升全科规培教学水平的"理论+实战+云端"教学模式,为特殊时期全科医师规范化培训社区教学提供了新的思路。     

A review of the use of health examination data from the Health Survey for England in government policy development and implementation

Background

Information is needed at all stages of the policy making process. The Health Survey for England (HSE) is an annual cross-sectional health examination survey of the non-institutionalised general population in England. It was originally set up to inform national policy making and monitoring by the Department of Health. This paper examines how the nurse collected physical and biological measurement data from the HSE have been essential or useful for identification of a health issue amenable to policy intervention; initiation, development or implementation of a strategy; choice and monitoring of targets; or assessment and evaluation of policies.

Methods

Specific examples of use of HSE data were identified through interviews with senior members of staff at the Department of Health and the Health and Social Care Information Centre. Policy documents mentioned by interviewees were retrieved for review, and reference lists of associated policy documents checked. Systematic searches of Chief Medical Officer Reports, Government ‘Command Papers’, and clinical guidance documents were also undertaken.

Results

HSE examination data have been used at all stages of the policy making process. Data have been used to identify an issue amenable to policy-intervention (e.g. quantifying prevalence of undiagnosed chronic kidney disease), in strategy development (in models to inform chronic respiratory disease policy), for target setting and monitoring (the 1992 blood pressure target) and in evaluation of health policy (the effect of the smoking ban on second hand smoke exposure).

Conclusions

A health examination survey is a useful part of a national health information system.     

政策工具视角下我国医养结合政策文本研究

本文从政策工具视角对我国医养结合政策文本进行分析,揭示现有政策工具在政策过程中应用的特点与盲点,并提出相应的政策建议,为完善医养结合政策体系提供借鉴。方法:基于政策工具和政策过程两个维度构建二维分析框架,采用内容分析法,对83项医养结合政策文本、919个政策条文进行分析。结果:政策工具结构不均衡,供给型政策工具占53.86%、需求型政策工具占5.66%、环境型政策工具占40.48%。政策过程不协调,议程设置占12.95%、政策制定占66.27%、政策执行占17.08%、政策评估占3.7%。结论:优化医养结合政策工具结构;统筹医养结合政策过程;健全医养结合政策系统,不断提升医养结合政策工具科学化水平。     

Health impact assessment: a tool for healthy public policy

Healthy Public Policy is one of the key health promotion actions. Advancement of Healthy Public Policy requires that the health consequences of policy should be correctly foreseen and that the policy process should be influenced so that those health consequences are considered. Health Impact Assessment is an approach that could assist in meeting both requirements. Policies often produce health impacts by multiple indirect routes, which makes prediction difficult. Prediction in Health Impact Assessment may be based on epidemiological models or on sociological disciplines. Health Impact Assessment must be based on an understanding of, and aim to add value to, the policy-making process. It must therefore conform to policy-making timetables, present information in a form that is policy relevant and fit the administrative structures of policy makers. Health Impact Assessment may be used to inform health advocacy but is distinct from it. There is a danger that Health Impact Assessment could be misunderstood as health imperialism.     

Determinants of health policy impact: comparative results of a European policymaker study

Summary Objectives: This article will use a new theoretical framework for the analysis of health policy impact introduced by Rütten et al. (2003). In particular, it will report on a comparative European study of policymakers perception and evaluation of specific determinants of the policy impact, both in terms of output (implemented measures) and outcome (health behaviour change). Policy determinants investigated are goals, resources, obligations and opportunities as related to the policymaking process. Methods: Theory is applied to a comparative analysis of prevention and health promotion policy in Belgium, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. The study is MED2-part of a project that has developed a Methodology for the Analysis of the Rationality and Effectiveness of Prevention and Health Promotion Strategies (MAREPS) within the EU-BIOprogram. A mail survey of 719 policymakers on the executive and administrative level selected by a focused sample procedure was conducted. This survey used policymakers experience and evaluative expertise to analyse determinants of policy output and outcome. Results: Regression analyses reveal differential predictive power of policy goals, resources, obligations, as well as of political, organisational and public opportunities. For instance, whereas resources, concreteness of goals, and public opportunities have significant importance for health outcome of policy, obligations and organisational opportunities significantly predict policy output. Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of rationality and effectiveness of health policy. They indicate that six sensitising constructs derived from the theoretical framework represent equivalent structures across nations. They comprise a validated instrument that can be used for further comparative health policy research.     

目标管理指标体系在住院医师规范化培训过程管理与质量控制中的应用

本文以目标管理理论为指导,探讨建立住院医师规范化培训的过程管理指标和成果管理指标,通过量化考核的办法以期推动住院医师培训过程管理和质量控制。同时探讨了激励和保障机制,创造有利环境与条件,推动我院住院医师规范化培训工作进一步发展。