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1.
目的 分析MSM新型毒品滥用和HIV新发感染的相关因素,为制定艾滋病防控措施提供参考依据。方法 2021年4-7月在山东省9个城市监测哨点招募MSM,每个城市招募样本量为400人。开展面对面问卷调查,收集MSM社会人口学特征、行为学和接受HIV干预服务等信息,采集血样进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测。采用限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫法进行HIV新发感染检测,并计算HIV新发感染率指标。结果 共调查MSM 3 624人,年龄(32.70±9.33)岁,以≥30岁(59.52%,2 157/3 624)、高中及以下文化程度(55.99%,2 029/3 624)、未婚/离异/丧偶(57.70%,2 091/3 624)和性取向为同性恋者为主(86.26%,3 126/3 624)。最近6个月发生无保护肛交占32.95%(1 194/3 624);曾使用新型毒品占27.48%(993/3 613);HIV抗体阳性率为3.12%(113/3 624),HIV新发感染率为2.61%(95%CI:1.73%~3.49%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MSM新型毒品滥用的相关因素包括未婚/离异/丧偶(相比于已婚/同居,aOR=1.43,95%CI:1.22~1.69)、大专及以上文化程度(相比于高中及以下文化程度,aOR=1.47,95%CI:1.25~1.72)、主要寻找男性性伴场所为互联网/交友软件(相比于酒吧/浴池/公园等,aOR=1.76,95%CI:1.41~2.19)、最近6个月发生无保护肛交(相比于未发生无保护肛交,aOR=1.33,95%CI:1.13~1.57)、最近1年患过性病(相比于未患性病,aOR=2.77,95%CI:2.04~3.76)。MSM HIV新发感染的相关因素包括最近6个月发生无保护肛交(相比于未发生无保护肛交,aOR=2.51,95%CI:1.25~5.01)、最近1年未接受HIV干预服务(相比于接受HIV干预服务,aOR=3.89,95%CI:1.30~11.60)、梅毒阳性(相比于梅毒阴性,aOR=8.18,95%CI:2.98~22.48)、曾使用新型毒品(相比于未使用新型毒品,aOR=4.75,95%CI:2.32~9.70)。结论 山东省MSM新型毒品滥用现象较为普遍,新型毒品滥用会增加HIV新发感染风险。  相似文献   

2.
目的 了解与分析青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用发生率及影响因素,为制定MSM艾滋病预防干预措施提供参考。方法 采用开放式队列研究方法,从2017年3月开始,依靠MSM社会组织采用滚雪球抽样方法招募未发生新型毒品滥用的MSM,建立开放队列,并每6个月进行一次随访调查,观察终点日期为2022年7月31日。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、性行为学特征和发生新型毒品滥用情况等信息。以随访过程中研究对象发生新型毒品滥用为结局因变量,以研究对象进入队列至发生新型毒品滥用的时间作为时间因变量,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析MSM发生新型毒品滥用的影响因素。结果 共招募MSM 509人,纳入随访队列369人,发生新型毒品滥用62人,队列随访累积观察时间911.54人年,新型毒品滥用发生率为6.80/100人年。62人首次发生新型毒品滥用均为与他人共同滥用,16.13%(10/62)存在新型毒品混合滥用现象。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,学生(aHR=2.17,95%CI:1.15~4.10)、最近6个月HIV检测次数0次和1次(aHR=4.57,95%CI:1.80~11.60;aHR=5.15,95%CI:2.83~9.36)、仅有固定性伴(aHR=4.75,95%CI:2.32~9.75)、同性性伴数>4个(aHR=1.70,95%CI:1.01~2.87)和性伴滥用新型毒品(aHR=12.78,95%CI:3.06~53.35)的MSM更有可能发生新型毒品滥用。结论 青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用发生率较高,存在较高HIV感染风险;发生新型毒品滥用的影响因素包括学生、HIV检测次数较少、仅有固定性伴、多性伴和性伴滥用新型毒品,应针对此部分人群加强干预力度,开展降低新型毒品危害的干预工作。  相似文献   

3.
目的 了解与分析青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用者HIV新发感染情况,为该人群开展艾滋病预防工作提供参考。方法 采用开放式队列研究方法,从2017年3月开始,由社会组织通过滚雪球抽样招募HIV阴性的MSM新型毒品滥用者,建立开放队列,并每6个月进行一次随访调查,观察终点为2022年7月31日。按照队列研究样本量计算公式估计样本量为436人。调查内容包括人口学特征、性行为特征、艾滋病知识知晓情况、新型毒品滥用情况和HIV检测情况等信息。以随访中出现HIV新发感染为结局因变量,同时,以研究对象进入队列至出现HIV新发感染的时间作为时间因变量,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析MSM新型毒品滥用者HIV新发感染的影响因素。结果 共招募MSM新型毒品滥用者987人,纳入随访队列826人。HIV新发感染者46人,队列随访累积观察时间1 960.68人年,HIV新发感染率为2.35/100人年。多因素Cox回归分析显示,<30岁(aHR=3.04,95%CI:1.62~5.71)、外省户籍(aHR=2.29,95%CI:1.20~4.39)、线下交友(aHR=4.62,95%CI:2.05~10.41)、同性性伴数>4个(aHR=3.06,95%CI:1.59~5.88)、性交时安全套破损(aHR=2.24,95%CI:1.21~4.17)和性交时出血(aHR=2.56,95%CI:1.31~5.03)的MSM新型毒品滥用者更有可能发生HIV新发感染。结论 青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用者HIV新发感染率总体较低,但该人群知行分离的现象严重,HIV感染风险较高。HIV新发感染的影响因素包括低年龄、外省户籍、线下交友、多性伴、性交时安全套发生破损和出血,应加强开展该人群行为干预的工作。  相似文献   

4.
目的 了解吉林省MSM人群HIV的感染状况及其相关因素。方法 2010-2015年,根据《全国艾滋病哨点监测方案》的要求,在艾滋病哨点监测期内,通过横断面调查的方法对吉林省MSM艾滋病知识知晓率、性行为状况、HIV和梅毒抗体阳性率水平等进行连续监测,每个监测哨点样本量≥ 400人。结果 2010-2015年吉林省共监测MSM 7 823人,HIV感染率为5.4%(42/7 823),HIV感染率呈逐年上升趋势(趋势χ2=110.023,P<0.001)。2010-2015年,MSM艾滋病知识知晓率均>90.0%。最近6个月坚持使用安全套的比例为27.0%(2 112/7 823),不同年份的差异有统计学意义(χ2=234.038,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MSM感染HIV的可能危险因素包括外省户籍(aOR=1.797,95% CI:1.185~2.726)、网络招募(aOR=1.717,95% CI:1.332~2.215)、最近1年曾诊断过性病(aOR=1.893,95% CI:1.356~2.643)和梅毒抗体阳性(aOR=4.309,95% CI:3.097~5.995);可能保护性因素包括最近6个月同性性行为坚持使用安全套(aOR=0.387,95% CI:0.143~0.557)、最近1年曾检测过HIV (aOR=0.632,95% CI:0.375~0.891)。结论 2010-2015年吉林省MSM人群HIV感染率呈上升趋势,坚持使用安全套的比例和HIV检测率均较低,应采取有效措施促进MSM定期做HIV检测和坚持使用安全套。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解上海市艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)门诊就诊MSM人群HIV与梅毒、单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)共感染情况及其可能影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究设计,用方便抽样法选取上海市与普陀区的2个VCT门诊,于2015年3-8月招募≥ 18岁、最近1年发生过同性插入性性行为的MSM作为调查对象,招募756名MSM,使用χ2检验和logistic回归法分析。结果 共调查732名MSM,调查对象HIV与梅毒共感染率为3.3%(24/732),HIV与HSV-2共感染率为1.9%(14/732),HIV与梅毒、HSV-2共感染率为0.7%(5/732)。梅毒感染者的HIV感染率45.3%(24/53)显著高于非梅毒感染者7.2%(61/679)(χ2=63.11,P<0.001);HSV-2感染者的HIV感染率34.1%(14/41)显著高于非HSV-2感染者10.3%(71/691)(χ2=21.49,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,调查对象HIV与梅毒共感染的可能危险因素包括外地户籍(OR=3.50,95% CI:1.01~12.17)、初中及以下文化程度(OR=4.46,95% CI:1.54~12.87)和曾使用毒品(OR=4.25,95% CI:1.67~10.82);HIV与HSV-2共感染的可能危险因素:高中及以下文化程度(OR=6.87,95% CI:1.86~25.42;OR=9.82,95% CI:2.25~42.85)。结论 上海市VCT门诊就诊的MSM中存在一定比例的HIV和梅毒、HIV和HSV-2共感染情况。应关注外来务工人员、文化程度低者和使用毒品者。  相似文献   

6.
目的 了解2016-2018年天津市MSM人群HIV感染状况及其相关因素。方法 按照全国艾滋病哨点监测方案要求,采用横断面调查方法,于2016-2018年4-6月,连续监测并收集天津市MSM人群的艾滋病知识知晓率、相关性行为、以及HIV、梅毒、HCV感染等信息,各年样本量400人。结果 2016-2018年天津市监测MSM共1 200人,最近6个月同性肛交坚持使用安全套的比例为45.4%(544/1 198),网络招募的MSM既往接受过HIV检测的比例呈现下降的趋势(趋势χ2=42.742,P<0.001)。HIV感染率为3.3%(40/1 200),HIV-1新发感染率为2.6%(95% CI:1.7%~3.5%),梅毒感染率为6.7%(80/1 200),HCV感染率为0.8%(9/1 200)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,离异或丧偶(与未婚者相比,aOR=7.137,95% CI:1.621~31.419)、梅毒抗体阳性(与梅毒抗体阴性者相比,aOR=3.684,95% CI:1.520~8.932)是MSM人群感染HIV的危险因素;最近6个月同性肛交坚持使用安全套(与不坚持使用安全套者相比,aOR=0.343,95% CI:0.126~0.932)、既往检测过HIV抗体(与既往未检测HIV抗体者相比,aOR=0.314,95% CI:0.123~0.801)是MSM人群感染HIV的保护因素。结论 2016-2018年天津市MSM人群的HIV感染率较高,梅毒感染风险不容忽视,同性肛交坚持使用安全套的比例较低,应该采取有效措施促进MSM坚持使用安全套和定期检测HIV抗体。  相似文献   

7.
目的 分析福州市15~24岁MSM艾滋病监测数据,了解其HIV感染状况及其相关因素。方法 2016-2021年通过网络方式招募年龄15~24岁最近6个月与男性发生口交/肛交性行为的MSM,分析其社会人口学和行为学特征、HIV感染状况及其相关因素。结果 2016-2021年网络招募15~24岁MSM共4 234人。户籍为福建省外的比例由13.00%(85/654)上升到23.42%(163/696)(趋势χ2=60.23,P<0.001);通过网络寻找男性性伴的比例由93.27%(610/654)上升到99.71%(694/696)(趋势χ2=65.20,P<0.001);最近6个月最近1次肛交使用安全套比例由88.16%(484/549)下降至74.11%(415/560)(趋势χ2=32.32,P<0.001);最近6个月肛交每次使用安全套比例由65.76%(361/549)下降至55.54%(311/560)(趋势χ2=6.82,P<0.001);既往接受HIV抗体检测比例由5.66%(37/654)上升到25.29%(176/696)(趋势χ2=98.51,P<0.001)。累计监测15~24岁MSM HIV抗体阳性率为3.64%(154/4 234),历年监测15~24岁MSM的HIV抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(趋势χ2=0.50,P=0.453)。初中及以下文化程度、居住时间1~2年者HIV抗体阳性率均呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。HIV感染风险的多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高中/中专、大专及以上文化程度者分别是初中及以下文化程度者的0.54(95%CI:0.30~0.99)倍、0.29(95%CI:0.17~0.51)倍,本地居住时间1~2年、>2年者是本地居住时间<1年者的0.35(95%CI:0.16~0.74)倍、0.58(95%CI:0.37~0.91)倍,每次肛交坚持使用安全套者是从未使用者的0.18(95%CI:0.08~0.42)倍,未患过性病者是患过性病者的0.25(95%CI:0.13~0.50)倍。结论 福州市15~24岁MSM存在较高HIV感染风险,应加强对流动和较低文化程度青少年MSM的互联网干预。  相似文献   

8.
目的 分析浙江省温州市居住≤5年MSM人群HIV感染情况及相关特征。方法 2015年2-10月开展温州市MSM人群HIV感染率相关调查,采用同伴推动抽样法(respondent-driven sampling,RDS)招募年龄≥16岁、在温州市连续居住时间≥3个月、最近12个月内与男性发生肛交和/或口交的男性。问卷调查收集其社会人口学、性行为特征、认知及接受干预检测特征、心理健康状况等信息,采集血标本做HIV抗体和梅毒血清学检测。结果 RDS法共调查454例MSM,居住时间≤5年者多数以≥25岁、初中及以下文化程度、职业为服务行业和工人、个人月收入<4 000元为主,首次同性性行为年龄≥20岁、最近6个月发生同性肛交的较多。总的HIV阳性率为23.7%(108/454),居住时间≤5年者HIV阳性率为27.3%(73/267),居住时间>5年者HIV阳性率为18.8%(35/186)(χ2=4.39,P=0.036)。多因素分析结果表明,HIV感染相关因素包括25~68岁者(OR=12.19,95% CI:2.29~65.02)、最近6个月有异性性行为(OR=0.42,95% CI:0.18~0.96)、自评可能感染HIV(OR=0.06,95% CI:0.01~0.95)、自评不可能感染HIV(OR=0.03,95% CI:0.01~0.35)、现症梅毒阳性OR=3.32 (95% CI:1.05~10.52)。结论 在温州市居住≤5年的MSM相比于居住>5年者,HIV阳性率较高,存在较多的高危性行为,需开展针对性的干预措施。  相似文献   

9.
目的 了解活跃于移动互联网的大学生MSM最近1年HIV检测现状及相关因素。方法 按照横断面调查设计,基于中国同性恋流行使用的一款同性恋社交软件Blued,按18~25岁大学生MSM的HIV检测率50%推算样本量为500人。于2016年9月开始手机端电子问卷调查,主要收集人口学特征、HIV检测行为、性行为等信息。采用 χ2检验和非条件logistic回归分析大学生MSM最近1年HIV检测的相关因素。结果 共调查1 384名大学生MSM,平均年龄(20.99±0.04)岁,最近1年HIV检测比例为47.1%(652/1 384)。多因素分析结果显示:听说过HIV检测(OR=6.37,95%CI:3.592~11.300),愿意定期接受HIV检测(OR=2.64,95%CI:1.191~2.631),部分了解(OR=3.58,95%CI:2.138~5.996)和完全不了解(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.479~3.422)固定性伴HIV感染状况皆使大学生MSM的HIV检测可能性增加;信任固定性伴无感染HIV风险(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.445~0.938),最近1年固定性伴仅为1人(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.232~0.589)使大学生MSM的HIV检测可能性降低。结论 活跃于移动互联网的大学生MSM人群最近1年HIV检测比例较低,该群体性行为活跃,固定性伴间相互信任,或仅为1人的原因,反而使HIV检测比例更低,应予以重视。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解浙江省台州市MSM同性群交行为特征及其相关因素。方法 2013年3月至2015年9月,经浴室、酒吧等场所招募MSM,通过问卷调查收集其性行为等信息,并进行HIV检测。使用logistic回归模型分析群交行为相关因素。结果 共调查1 435名MSM,HIV阳性率为12.5%(179/1 435)。16.1%(231/1 435)报告在最近1年曾有群交行为。最近1年有群交行为的MSM与最近1年无群交的MSM相比,一生同性性伴数≥10个(53.7%比19.0%,χ2=125.527,P<0.01)、有异性性伴(86.6%比68.2%,χ2=31.935,P<0.01)、最近1年与女性发生性行为未使用安全套(28.1% 比19.8%,χ2=6.540,P<0.05)的比例更高。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示,与MSM群交行为相关因素包括年龄(≥50岁比≤24岁,aOR=2.25,P=0.027),与女性婚姻(离异或丧偶比未婚,OR=0.29,P=0.001),户籍(本地比外地,aOR=1.56,P=0.023),一生同性性伴数(≥21个比2~5个,aOR=8.06,P<0.001;11~20个比 2~5个,aOR=3.25,P<0.001),一生异性性伴数(≥6个比0个,aOR=2.63,P=0.005;2~5个比0个,aOR=2.58,P=0.001;1个比0个,aOR=2.01,P=0.010)。结论 台州市MSM人群群交行为比例较高、安全套使用率低、性行为关系复杂,HIV感染率高、传播风险较大。  相似文献   

11.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

12.
Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.  相似文献   

13.
Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.  相似文献   

14.
BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.  相似文献   

15.
Wolf G 《Nutrition reviews》2005,63(3):97-100
A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.  相似文献   

16.
Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.  相似文献   

17.
To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.  相似文献   

18.
Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.  相似文献   

19.
BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.  相似文献   

20.
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