基本公共服务走向均等化

卫生部党组书记高强在2008年全国卫生工作大会上指出，中国特色卫生事业发展道路的本质是，坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，这也是社会主义卫生事业的本质要求。作为一种基本的公共服务，基本医疗卫生服务还存在总量的不足与资源、服务分配的失衡。落实公益性质，我们要构建覆盖全民的公共卫生服务体系和基本医疗服务体系；要缩小城乡、地区间的差异，坚持均等化，这是实现公益性质的重要环节。     

浅析影响我国卫生事业宏观管理的外在因素及对策

浅析影响我国卫生事业宏观管理的外在因素及对策河北省卫生经济学会（０６１００１）李新民，赵红征在卫生事业宏观管理这个矛盾体中，存在着一系列影响因素。这些因素既有内在因素，又有外在因素。内在因素决定着卫生事业性质和发展方向；外在因素影响着卫生事业发展的速...     

浅谈确认卫生事业性质的重大意义

《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》指出,我国的卫生事业是政府实行一定福利政策的社会公益事业。这说明,我国的卫生事业是一种可以由政府、企事业单位、社会和个人等多方面投入的,以社会效益为最高准则的、为绝大多数人服务的、“公共需要、公共受益”的事业,它不以盈利为目的。确认卫生事业这一性质,既能够保证我国卫生事业的社会主义方向,又与我国社会主义初级阶段的现实国情与市场经济的发展相吻合,对于深化我国卫生事业的改革,解决卫生     

卫生事业性质的争鸣与实践

改革开放以来，关于卫生事业的性质，主要有三种观点：福利性、商品性、两重性，并不同程度地影响着卫生政策。通过回顾历史、分析实践结果，可以看出卫生事业公益性不等同于福利性，也不排斥商品性，关键是突出政府主导，提高“卫生公益比”。     

浅谈卫生经济学的学科特点

任何一门科学,都具有它本学科的特点,卫生经济学的学科,是一门交叉科学,这首先是由于卫生事业的特殊性质所决定的。社会主义的卫生事业是福利事业,受社会主义基本经济规律所支配,它关系     

对我国设置卫生监督专业的认识和构想

<正> 卫生事业是我国社会发展的重要组成部分,社会主义卫生事业的性质决定了卫生监督是为保护社会生产力和保障人民身体健康服务的。卫生监督以行政性决定了卫生监督的基本职能,它是卫生行政部门所固有的社会管理职能,是国家监督体系中的组成部分之一。卫生监督是以国家的法律和行政法规为依据,具有行政执法和行政司法的二重性。     

社会主义卫生事业性质的多层次性

本文对社会主义卫生事业的性质提出了鲜明的观点,认为它是具有多层次性的。本文分别从不同的角度和侧面,对社会主义卫生事业的性质做了较深入地分析和阐述,认为福利性是卫生事业的本质和基础,它象一条红线贯穿着卫生事业的各层次,它也决定了卫生事业经济性、生产性、商品性的不同特点。 本文还阐明明确卫生事业多层次性的意义:能正确理解和贯彻卫生工作以社会效益为唯一准则,便于理解和执行卫生工作也要按客观经济规律办事;适应经济改革的需要。     

论卫生事业性质的双重标准与卫生改革的关系——学习《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》的体会

《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》(以下简称《决定》),明确了我国卫生事业的性质,为我国卫生事业的发展指明了方向,也为深化卫生改革提供了基本依据。笔者拟就我国卫生事业性质的标准及其与卫生改革、发展的关系等问题,谈点学习体会。 一、对我国卫生事业性质涵义的理解     

贯彻落实《决定》深卫生改革

结合黑龙江省卫生革与事业发展的实际，论述了学习《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的 决定》的体会，指出要认真学习、贯彻底《决定》，统一卫生事业是社会公益事业性质的认识；主动适应社会主义市场经济体制，深卫生改革，大力弘扬白求恩精神，推动卫生系统精神文明建设。     

北京市卫生事业费分配制度改革的设想

卫生事业费分配和使用制度的弊端卫生事业的分配和合用制度是由卫生事业的性质和职能决定的。但是,由于种种原因,现行的卫生事业费分配和使用制度还存在着许多弊病,致使卫生事业     

卫生管理队伍职业化是提高卫生管理质量的根本途径

卫生管理队伍职业化是随着我国社会主义市场经济体制和卫生事业改革与发展的深化而提出来的一个重要的现实问题。认真研究并组织和实施卫生管理队伍职业化对我国卫生事业持续、快速、健康发展和深化卫生改革具有十分重要的意义。     

Cumulative effects of job characteristics on health

We examine whether the job characteristics of physical demands and environmental conditions affect individual's health. Five-year cumulative measures of these job characteristics are used to reflect findings in the biological and physiological literature that indicate that cumulative exposure to hazards and stresses harms health. To create our analytic sample, we merge job characteristics from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles with the PSID data set. We control for early and also lagged health measures and a set of pre-determined characteristics to try to address concerns that individuals self-select into jobs. Our results indicate that individuals who work in jobs with the 'worst' conditions experience declines in their health, though this effect varies by demographic group. We also find some evidence that job characteristics are more detrimental to the health of females and older workers. Finally, we report suggestive evidence that earned income, a job characteristic, partially cushions the health impact of physical demands and harsh environmental conditions for workers. These results are robust to inclusion of occupation fixed effects.     

和谐卫生:构建和谐社会的一个支点

本文从构建和谐社会的角度提出和谐卫生的概念，针对当前我国卫生改革与发展中不和谐的现状及其成因，初步探索和回答了和谐卫生应具备的基本特征，理清了构建和谐卫生中应正确处理的关系，提出了构建和谐卫生的重点策略。     

试论“民本卫生”与“和谐卫生”

构建“民本卫生、和谐卫生”是深入学习党的十七大精神、贯彻科学发展观所提出来的卫生发展思想，对破解当前卫生发展中的难题、开创卫生工作新局面有重要意义。构建民本卫生、和谐卫生必须重点把握理论和实践、守业与创业、公平与效率、局部和全局、当前和长远、突出重点与整体推进、尽力而为与量力而行、政府主导与社会参与等8个方面的关系。     

Farmers' occupational health care--worldwide

This review will summarize the current state of preventive health care systems for farmers in the world. It is obvious that well-organized occupational health care systems for farmers occur sporadically in only a few countries, and generally are in the initial stages of development. Large cooperative farms and plantations may have industrialized occupational health care. In some countries in Europe, e.g., France and Austria, farmers' organizations may include a certain amount of health and safety activity within their social insurance systems for farmers. Moreso than in other places, the Scandinavian countries have tried different approaches to provide comprehensive health services among farmers. Regardless of the kind of system, it is obvious from experiences worldwide that agriculture is a risky occupation and farmers are exposed to numerous hazards which may result in injuries, work-related diseases, and death. It is promising to note an increased interest in this situation from many parts of the world.     

试论有中国特色的农村初级卫生保健体系

我国目前已基本形成了具有中国特色的农村初级卫生保健体系。该体系包括农村为重点的卫生工作方针、农村合作医疗制度、农村三级卫生服务网、农村卫生队伍及健康教育和爱国卫生运动等几个相互联系、相互渗透和作用的基本方面。但该体系并未巩固和完善,必须大力加强体系建设。     

江苏省2006～2009年突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

目的深入分析江苏省突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为制定防制策略以及应急能力建设提供依据。方法从"突发公共卫生事件报告管理系统"中下载2006-2009年江苏省网络直报的所有突发公共卫生事件个案信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析流行特征。结果 2006～2009年全省共报告突发公共卫生事件726起,发病24462人,死亡51人,波及人口数近210万。所有事件中以传染病事件为主,水痘、流行性腮腺炎、甲型H1N1流感、流行性感冒、霍乱是引起突发事件最主要的病种;扬州市、南京市、徐州市是发生事件数量最多的地区,4～6月是高发月份,学校是突发公共卫生事件发生的最主要场所;事件分级以一般事件为主,未分级事件构成比重高达47.38%。结论该省突发公共卫生事件呈逐年增加的长期趋势,应加强流行季节呼吸道传染病的防治,高度重视学校突发公共卫生事件防制工作,同时在现有基础上积极开展全省突发公共卫生事件应急能力建设。     

International occupational health

Working conditions for the majority of the world's workers do not meet the minimum standards and guidelines set by international agencies. Occupational health and safety laws cover only about 10 percent of the population in developing countries, omitting many major hazardous industries and occupations. With rare exception, most countries defer to the United Nations the responsibility for international occupational health. The UN's international agencies have had limited success in bringing occupational health to the industrializing countries. The International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions are intended to guide all countries in the promotion of workplace safety and in managing occupational health and safety programs. ILO conventions and recommendations on occupational safety and health are international agreements that have legal force only if they are ratified by ILO member states. The most important ILO Convention on Occupational Safety and Health has been ratified by only 37 of the 175 ILO member states. Only 23 countries have ratified the ILO Employment Injury Benefits Convention that lists occupational diseases for which compensation should be paid. The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for the technical aspects of occupational health and safety, the promotion of medical services and hygienic standards. Limited WHO and ILO funding severely impedes the development of international occupational health. The U.S. reliance on international agencies to promote health and safety in the industrializing countries is not nearly adequate. This is particularly true if occupational health continues to be regarded primarily as an academic exercise by the developed countries, and a budgetary triviality by the international agencies. Occupational health is not a goal achievable in isolation. It should be part of a major institutional development that touches and reforms every level of government in an industrializing country. Occupational health and safety should be brought to industrializing countries by a comprehensive consultative program sponsored by the United States and other countries that are willing to share the burden. Occupational health and safety program development is tied to the economic success of the industrializing country and its industries. Only after the development of a successful legal and economic system in an industrializing country is it possible to incorporate a successful program of occupational health and safety.     

医保制度对双诊制的影响及改革思路

双诊制是解决目前医疗系统许多问题的有效措施,具有重要的意义.我国的医疗保险制度经过多年的建设,对人民健康保障起到了重要的作用.该文章对双诊制的意义和现状进行了描述,分析了医疗保险政策对双诊制发展的影响,进而对医保制度如何促进双诊制发展提出对策建议以供决策者参考.     

当代公共卫生面临的主要挑战

一场新型冠状病毒感染疫情让公共卫生从幕后走到台前。在世界逐渐从疫情中恢复的今天，需要清醒地认识到当代公共卫生仍存在许多挑战。传染病和慢性病的双重疾病负担依旧严峻；精神心理健康、伤害防护是重大健康问题，但缺乏足够的重视；环境健康问题、食品药品安全问题是疾病负担的重要来源，亟需进一步管理和干预；以上健康问题对不同生命阶段人群的影响不同，构成了生命全过程人口健康问题。当前现状距联合国“可持续发展目标”或我国“健康中国2030”制定的目标仍存在较大距离。各国政府及相关部门应携起手来，落实将健康融入所有政策的宗旨，共同应对当代公共卫生的重大挑战。