腹泻标本产志贺样毒素且具侵袭力大肠埃希菌(ESIEC)的分离与实验研究

本文报告自腹泻使中检出6株产志贺样霉素且具侵袭力大肠埃希菌（ESIEC）生化鉴定、DNA探针反应、药敏试验及动物致病试验结果。生化鉴定符合大肠埃希菌，经10种大肠菌DNA探针检测，该组细菌同时与Inv及SLT2探针杂交，对HEP－2细胞呈集聚状粘附，但不与EAggEC探针反应。菌株感染昆明小鼠后，动物表现竖毛、拒食、腹泻、呼吸困难、肢体麻痹、结膜水肿等症状，死亡率85％。解剖取心血、肝脾及肠腔内容物均分离到相应纯菌，对照组正常。23种抗生素敏感试验说明该细菌的抗药谱很广，多重耐药株发生率为100％，临床治疗可选药甚少。     

致病性弧菌菌群分布及病原性检测

目的为了解沿海地区夏秋季节感染性腹泻患者致病性弧菌菌群分布及病原学特征,为腹泻病防治工作和临床合理用药提供依据。方法对文登市腹泻病监测点513例腹泻患者进行致病性弧菌分布、检测及抗生素敏感试验。结果从513例腹泻病例中检出91株弧菌科细菌,检出率为17.74%。其生化反应特征具有典型性,均为氧化酶阳性;大多数为嗜盐菌,少数为非嗜盐菌;对大多数抗菌素敏感,少数耐药。结论弧菌科细菌是沿海地区腹泻病的主要病原菌之一,其生化反应特征应引起足够的重视,建议沿海地区将其纳入腹泻病常规检验项目。同时筛选出对弧菌科细菌高度敏感的药物,用于临床合理用药。     

肠杆菌科新种细菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

报告了从辽宁省部分地区腹泻和感染标本中检出的成团肠杆菌、非脱羧勒克氏菌、克吕沃尔氏菌、彭氏变形菌、霍堆氏肠杆菌的分离、鉴定，药敏试验及致病性研究结果．部分菌株可引起动物、生物模型病变，证明有致病力．与人的腹泻和感染有关．致病性研究中，溶血性阳性率最高，依次为乳鼠灌胃，ＨｅＰ—２细胞、Ｖｅｒｏ细胞病变，兔肠袢结扎．豚鼠角膜侵袭试验无阳性．药敏试验证实，５组细菌抗药谱已很广，临床可用的敏感药物不多，一旦发生感染，治疗将十分困难．     

PCR扩增16s～23s rRNA区间序列在细菌检测与鉴定领域的应用

传统的细菌学检验与鉴定需要进行细菌培养及一系列生化反应或免疫学检测，环境样品中的细菌检测与鉴定还需要前增菌培养、选择性培养及生化鉴定等程序，既费时又费力，对有些细菌尚不能给出理想的鉴定结果。随着分子生物学技术的发展，１９８５年产生了聚合酶链式反应（ＰｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎＰＣＲ），该技术以快速、敏感和特异等优点迅速地应用到微生物检测领域。９０年代初建立了ＰＣＲ扩增１６ｓ～２３ｓｒＲＮＡ区间多态性分析的技术，尤其是近两年，这一技术在细菌学检测与鉴定等研究领域得到长足发展，已涉…     

1株从败血症患者血液分离的念珠状链杆菌的生物学特征

目的采用形态学方法结合分子生物学方法分析1株临床败血症患者血液分离的念珠状链杆菌(Streptobacillus moniliformis),为临床罕见致病性病原菌的鉴定提供参考。方法采用革兰染色、DL-96E,VITEK2 Compact自动细菌鉴定仪、MALDI-TOF MS质谱仪结合16S rRNA基因序列进行细菌鉴定,同时采用E-test法开展药敏试验。结果传统方法和MALDI-TOF MS无法鉴定出该菌,16S rRNA鉴定出该菌为念珠状链杆菌,药敏试验结果显示该菌对青霉素、头孢噻肟、亚胺培南、四环素和环丙沙星敏感,对氨基糖苷类(妥布霉素)、阿米卡星、庆大霉素和磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶耐药。结论 16S rRNA分子生物学方法结合形态观察和生化反应可以很好地鉴定出念珠状链杆菌,青霉素、头孢噻肟、亚胺培南、四环素和环丙沙星可用于该菌临床治疗。     

抗O/129弧菌抑制剂的非O1群霍乱弧菌特征

非O1群霍乱弧菌的鉴定常用生化、血清学等试验来确定，其中二氨基二异丙基喋啶磷酸盐(O1／129弧菌抑制剂)试验是鉴别非O1群霍乱弧菌等弧菌科细菌与其他细菌的特异性试验。常作为细菌命名的重要依据，在重要的微生物学检验专著上都认为弧菌属细菌对O／129弧菌抑制剂10，150μg敏感。本文对从业人员和腹泻病人中检出的非O1群霍乱弧菌抗O／129弧菌抑制剂菌株进行耐药性、毒力等检测，探讨其与致病力的相关性。现将鉴定结果报告如下。     

气单胞菌属种,群鉴别和毒力测定

我们于1986—1987年,从腹泻患者粪便中培养分离出34株气单胞菌,并进行了系统生化鉴定、生物分群、种间鉴别、毒力的初步鉴定和药物敏感试验。现将结果报告如下。 1 材料和方法 1.1 菌种来源菌种来自腹泻患者粪便。试验用     

婴幼儿腹泻的病因及护理

目的：分析儿童腹泻标本中肠球菌的分布及耐药性，对腹泻患儿的护理体会．方法：进行细菌鉴定，药敏试验对检测结果进行分析．结果：药敏试验除呋喃妥因和万古霉素有较高的敏感率外其余抗生素的敏感率都很低．结论：肠球菌已成为儿童腹泻的主要致病菌。     

婴幼儿致病性大肠埃希菌的毒力基因检测研究

目的通过对婴幼儿腹泻病例粪便标本进行致病性大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定及毒力基因检测,从分子生物学方面研究致病性大肠埃希菌引起婴幼儿腹泻的分布,以降低婴幼儿致病性大肠埃希菌的感染率。方法收集江西省儿童医院2011-2012年婴幼儿腹泻病例357份粪便标本,按照致病性大肠埃希菌分离鉴定程序用EC肉汤增菌过夜,增菌后用麦康凯琼脂培养基分离培养,可疑菌用API 20E生化鉴定出大肠埃希菌,然后用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测致病性大肠埃希菌相应的毒力基因。结果 357份腹泻患者粪便标本中,检出37份携带毒力基因的致病性大肠埃希菌,检出率为10.36%,携带毒力基因的肠聚集性大肠埃希菌(EAggEC)、肠道致病性大肠埃希菌(EPEC)、肠道侵入性大肠埃希菌(EIEC)、肠道出血性大肠埃希菌(EHEC)检出率分别为8.4%、0.56%、1.12%、0.28%,产肠毒素大肠埃希菌(ETEC)未检出。结论婴幼儿腹泻病例中致病性大肠埃希菌主要由EaggEC引起,其次为EIEC,进一步证实对致泻大肠埃希菌进行PCR毒力基因检测具有重要临床意义。     

婴幼儿腹泻1656例病原菌检测分析

目的　了解导致婴幼儿腹泻的常见病原菌、流行菌株变迁动态与耐药概况 ,探索有效治疗药物 ,以提高疗效缩短病程。方法　取腹泻粪便按常规作细菌培养 ,可疑菌落作生化反应与血清学鉴定 ,确定细菌种类后 ,作药敏试验。结果　从 16 5 6例腹泻粪便中 ,检出病原菌 42 4株 ,含八类菌属 16个菌型。主要流行优势菌株依次为志贺氏菌属占 41.5 %、枸橼酸杆菌 2 8.8%、克雷伯氏菌 12 .3%、铜绿假单胞菌 8.7%、其余为散发菌株。药敏试验结果显示 ,细菌的耐药谱广 ,敏感药物较少。结论　本地区除志贺氏菌属为历年持续流行病原菌外 ,近几年机会致病菌感染性腹泻呈上升趋势 ,因有效药物较少 ,急需探索新的有效治疗药物。     

广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染调查

目的:了解广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况。方法:对市售111份国产婴幼儿配方粉进行阪崎肠杆菌分离培养,对分离株进行生化鉴定,荧光PCR检测及17种抗生素的药敏分析。结果:共检出6株阪崎肠杆菌(检出率5.41%),其中配方牛奶粉3株(检出率4.41%),配方羊奶粉1株(检出率11.11%),配方米粉2株(检出率5.88%);6株阪崎肠杆菌对头孢噻吩耐药率100%,对头孢唑啉耐药率66.67%,对其余抗生素普遍敏感。结论:广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染,食用安全隐患不容忽视。     

全自动细菌生化鉴定分析仪与细菌微量生化管鉴定细菌的结果

目的:研究分析全自动细菌生化鉴定分析仪与细菌微量生化管鉴定细菌的结果。方法:2019年8月~2019年9月,选取本中心获取的50株肠杆菌科菌株为研究对象,其中大肠埃希菌23株,肺炎克雷伯菌12株,阴沟肠杆菌10株、不发酵和需氧革兰阴性杆菌5株,分别采用全自动细菌生化鉴定分析仪、细菌微量生化管进行鉴定,对比两种方法的鉴定结果。结果:全自动细菌生化鉴定分析仪的鉴定符合率与细菌微量生化管的鉴定符合率比较,不存在差异(P>0.05);两种鉴定方法鉴定大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌的准确率比较,不存在差异(P>0.05)。全自动细菌生化鉴定分析仪鉴定不发酵和需氧革兰阴性杆菌的准确率高于细菌微量生化管鉴定(P<0.05)。结论:全自动细菌生化鉴定分析仪与细菌微量生化管均可快速有效地鉴定常见肠杆菌科菌株,但在鉴定不发酵和需氧革兰阴性杆菌时,全自动细菌生化鉴定分析仪更具应用价值。     

能与沙门菌及O157诊断血清交叉凝集的细菌分离与鉴定

目的:研究能与沙门菌、大肠埃希菌O157发生交叉凝集的细菌,为防止误诊提供参考。方法:采用观察形态、血清学凝集、以及API20E生化鉴定试剂盒进行系统生化鉴定的方法。结果:生化鉴定符合变形杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、柠檬酸杆菌的18株肠杆菌,其中11株能与沙门菌多价血清发生交叉反应凝集,7株能与大肠埃希菌O157血清发生交叉凝集。结论:在肠杆菌科细菌的鉴定中,单凭血清学反应做出判定,容易产生错误的结论,为确保菌株鉴定的准确性,应当血清学反应和全面生化检验结合的方法。     

骨科患者伤口分泌物病原菌分布及耐药特点

目的分析医院骨科患者伤口分泌物病原菌分布及耐药特点,为合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性调查统计医院2017年1月-2018年6月临床分离397株,采用美国BD PhoenixTM100全自动微生物鉴定分析仪对细菌鉴定和药敏分析。结果从该医院临床送检标本中共分离出397株病原菌,革兰阳性菌187株,占47.1%;革兰阴性菌208株,占52.4%。病原菌感染率由高到低分别为金黄色葡萄球菌(27.5%)、铜绿假单胞菌(10.6%)、阴沟肠杆菌(9.8%)、表皮葡萄球菌(6.8%)、大肠埃希菌(5.3%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(4.8%)。耐药试验表明,革兰阳性菌对青霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素和利奈唑胺敏感性高,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌49株(45.0%);革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南和阿米卡星耐药率低,大肠埃希菌的耐药性总体显著高于阴沟肠杆菌。结论骨科患者伤口感染病原菌种类繁多,临床上应及时进行病原菌鉴定和药敏试验,选用合适抗菌药物,做好耐药菌监测,预防交叉感染。     

Exposure of water consumers to mesophilic actinomycetes

In autumn 1978 an epidemic of respiratory disease resembling allergic alveolitis occurred in a small Finnish community. The disease was caused by repeated exposures to tap water aerosol. The raw water of the community and the sand filters of the purification system were heavily contaminated with mesophilic actinomycetes. Fourteen different strains of actinomycetes were isolated. Exposed persons with and without symptoms as well as unexposed control persons were tested for antibodies against five of these actinomycetes and against Enterobacter agglomerans. Both the exposed and the control persons had antibodies to actinomycetes but the exposed persons had antibodies against more actinomycete strains than the control persons. Precipitating antibodies against E. agglomerans were also found in control persons as well as in patients. There was a significant difference between the patients and the exposed healthy persons in bacterial agglutination tests with flagellar antigen of one E. agglomerans strain. However, the role of mesophilic actinomycetes and E. agglomerans in the aetiology of the disease could not be firmly established.     

Exposure of water consumers to mesophilic actinomycetes.

In autumn 1978 an epidemic of respiratory disease resembling allergic alveolitis occurred in a small Finnish community. The disease was caused by repeated exposures to tap water aerosol. The raw water of the community and the sand filters of the purification system were heavily contaminated with mesophilic actinomycetes. Fourteen different strains of actinomycetes were isolated. Exposed persons with and without symptoms as well as unexposed control persons were tested for antibodies against five of these actinomycetes and against Enterobacter agglomerans. Both the exposed and the control persons had antibodies to actinomycetes but the exposed persons had antibodies against more actinomycete strains than the control persons. Precipitating antibodies against E. agglomerans were also found in control persons as well as in patients. There was a significant difference between the patients and the exposed healthy persons in bacterial agglutination tests with flagellar antigen of one E. agglomerans strain. However, the role of mesophilic actinomycetes and E. agglomerans in the aetiology of the disease could not be firmly established.     

SARS患者继发细菌感染的检测及其耐药性

目的了解SARS患者继发细菌感染及其耐药性,为临床治疗控制医院感染提供参照与依据. 方法临床标本经分离培养,用ATB微生物鉴定系统鉴定;真菌的鉴定, 采用CHROMagar 念珠菌属显色培养基和生化反应试验法进行;用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法,根据NCCLS制定的标准进行药敏试验. 结果 76例SARS患者13例发生了继发感染;感染发生率为17.1%,引起继发感染的致病菌检出有13株,其中G-杆菌4株(30.77%),G 球菌5株(38.46%),真菌4株(30.77%);主要的致病菌为表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、液化沙雷菌、白色念珠菌等,对绝大多数抗生素耐药. 结论 SARS患者容易发生各种医院感染,特别是内源性感染,应予足够的重视;治疗时根据培养、耐药性试验结果,及时调整抗菌药物至关重要.     

Molecular epidemiological survey of Citrobacter freundii misidentified as Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) and Enterobacter hormaechei isolated from powdered infant milk formula

A total of 75 powdered infant milk formula (PIF) samples collected from pharmacies and drugstores in Western Sicily, Italy, and representative of 12 different brands were analyzed in this study to evaluate their microbiological quality. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration protocol, 32 samples out of 75 were contaminated by enterobacteria. Commercial biochemical API(r) 20E-system identification method indicated that six PIF samples were presumptively contaminated by Cronobacter spp., but further characterization by alpha-glucosidase based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay identification strongly suggested that these strains did not belong to the genus Cronobacter. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rRNA (rrs) sequences combined with the results of biochemical tests allowed to identify the six strains as Citrobacter freundii. Similarly, rrs sequence analysis identified as Enterobacter hormaechei 23 strains originally ascribed to Enterobacter cloacae by the API 20E system. Characterization of C. freundii and E. hormaechei PIF isolates by the DiversiLab(r) repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing method revealed a variety of amplification patterns, but the recovery of the same rep-PCR genotype in several products might indicate a special adaptation of genetic clones to this food or cross-contamination through common ingredients. Antibiotic-resistance profiles were also determined, but none of the strains tested was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity was not detected. Our results confirm that E. hormaechei contamination of PIF is widespread, thus making it a cause for concern. Similarly to what was demonstrated for E. hormaechei, we suggest that C. freundii also may be an under-reported cause of bacterial infection, especially in high-risk neonates, due to misidentification.     

1株与致病性大肠埃希氏菌O114∶K90(B)交叉凝集的阪崎肠杆菌

目的对从奶粉中食源性致病菌考核样中检出的与致病性大肠埃希氏菌O114∶K90(B)发生交叉凝集的阪崎肠杆菌进行鉴定和分析。方法依据食品安全(或食品卫生)国家标准食品微生物学检验部分相关章节,对考核样分离到的菌株采用血清学和生化反应进行检验。结果从考核样中初步检出的血清学凝集结果疑似为致病性大肠埃希氏菌O114∶K90(B),经全面的细菌生长特性实验、全自动细菌鉴定系统,最终鉴定为阪崎肠杆菌。结论在肠道致病菌的鉴定中,即便血清学反应符合的菌株也要结合全面的生化反应结果和生长特性再做出最终的判断。