长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗放疗后复发食管癌32例疗效观察

[目的]观察长春瑞滨(NVB)联合顺铂(DDP，NP方案)治疗放疗后复发食管癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。[方法]32例放疗后复发食管癌患者采用NP方案化疗，NVB 30mg／m^2．快速静脉滴入d1.8，DDP 80mg／m^2，静脉滴入d1.2，28天为1个周期，共83个周期，平均每例2．6个周期。[结果]总有效率为40．5％，完全缓解(CR)6．2％、部分缓解(PR)34．3％、稳定(SD)37．5％、进展(PD)22％．中位缓解期(TTP)4．8个月。毒副反应主要表现为骨髓抑制，白细胞减少发生率84．3％。[结论]NP方案治疗放疗后复发食管癌疗效肯定，毒副反应能够耐受。     

紫杉醇联合希罗达治疗晚期胃癌36例临床分析

[目的]探讨紫杉醇联合希罗达治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及安全性。[方法]紫杉醇（pa-clitaxel）135mg/m2,d1,8,静滴,希罗达1200mg/（m2.d）,分2次口服,21～28d为1个周期,至少2个周期开始评价疗效,获CR、PR患者1个月后确认。[结果]全组36例病例中能评价疗效35例,无CR,PR16例,总有效率为45.71%,中位TTP为6.1个月;其中初治23例中PR11例,总有效率为47.82%,中位TTP为6.2个月;复治13例中可评价疗效12例,PR5例,总有效率为41.67%,中位TTP为5.6个月。毒副反应主要为血液学毒性及消化道反应,多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度。[结论]紫杉醇联合希罗达治疗晚期胃癌疗效肯定,特别对初治患者,毒副反应较轻,患者均能耐受,值得临床进一步扩大研究。     

FOLFOX4治疗52例晚期大肠癌

[目的]观察FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]对52例初治或复治的晚期大肠癌患者,予FOLFOX4方案化疗(奥沙利铂 亚叶酸钙 5-氟尿嘧啶)。[结果]全组52例均可评价疗效及毒副反应。总有效率为30.7%。初治患者CR1例,PR8例,SD10例,PD2例,有效率为45%;中位疾病进展时间10个月,中位生存期17个月。复治患者PR7例,SD20例,PD5例,有效率为21.9%;中位疾病进展时间6个月,平均生存期12个月。毒副反应主要为中性粒细胞减少、消化道反应和神经毒性,以Ⅰ～Ⅱ度为主。[结论]FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期大肠癌疗效肯定,安全性好。     

奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗胃癌术后淋巴转移的近期疗效

[目的]探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗胃癌手术后淋巴转移的近期疗效。[方法]48例胃癌手术后淋巴转移患者采用奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案治疗共176个周期。[结果]CR4例，PR28例，NC12例和PD4例，总有效率（CR＋PR）为66．7％f32／48）。中位缓解期6．2个月，中位生存期12.3个月，1年生存率为60．5％，临床受益者共44例（90．5％）。毒副反应可耐受，无患者因为毒副反应终止治疗，无相关死亡出现。[结论]奥沙利铂加卡培他滨方案治疗胃癌手术后淋巴转移疗效较好。毒副反应能够耐受。可作为一线方案在胃癌手术后淋巴转移的病人中应用。     

羟基喜树碱联合顺铂、氟尿嘧啶持续泵入治疗29例晚期食管癌

[目的]评价羟基喜树碱联合顺铂、氟尿嘧啶持续泵入方案治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效。[方法]29例晚期食管癌患者进行联合治疗,羟基喜树碱（HCPT）6～8mg/m2,d1～5,顺铂（DDP）75～80mg/m2,分d1～3或d1～4,氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）2.5～3.0g/m2,civ120h;28d为1个周期,每例至少完成2个周期。[结果]29例中一线化疗18例,其中CR1例,PR12例,SD5例,PD1例,有效率72.2%;二线化疗11例,无CR,PR3例,SD3例,PD5例,有效率27.3%。毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、腹泻、脱发及肝肾功能损害等,以Ⅰ～Ⅱ度为主。[结论]羟基喜树碱联合顺铂、氟尿嘧啶持续泵入方案作为一线方案治疗晚期食管癌有效率较高,毒副反应能耐受。     

紫杉醇联合氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗老年晚期胃癌

[目的]探讨紫杉醇联合氟尿嘧啶持续滴注加亚叶酸钙治疗老年晚期胃癌的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]32例胃癌患者应用紫杉醇135mg／m^2，分第1、8天静滴，亚叶酸钙（CF）100mg／m。第1、2、3天静滴，氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）500mg,／m^2。第1天静滴2h，以后用5-Fu2500mg／m^2内持续滴注，持续70h，21～28天为1个周期，至少2个周期开始评价疗效。f结果]30例患者可评价疗效，获PR12例，NC8例，PD10例，全组未见CR病例，总有效率为40．0％，中位TrP为6．1个月；其中初治患者19例总有效率为42．2％，中位TTP为6．4个月；复治患者13例总有效率为36．4％．中位TTP为5．7个月。毒副反应主要为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度血液学毒性及消化道反应。[结论]紫杉醇联合氟尿嘧啶持续滴注加亚叶酸钙治疗老年晚期胃癌疗效肯定，患者均能耐受。特别对初治患者，值得深入研究。     

多西他赛联合卡培他滨和奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃癌45例

[目的]探讨多西他赛联合XELOX（卡培他滨和奥沙利铂）方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和毒副反应。[方法]45例晚期胃癌患者接受多西他赛75mg/m^2,d1,卡培他滨每天2000mg/m^2,分2次口服,d1-14,奥沙利铂135mg/m^2,d1,21d为1个周期．至少化疗2个周期评价疗效。[结果]总有效率为57．8％,中位疾病进展时间（TTP）为6．4个月,中位生存期10．1个月。常见毒副反应为白细胞减少、手足综合征和周围神经毒性反应等。[结论]多西他赛联合XELOX方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效明显．患者耐受性较好。     

卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂一线治疗老年晚期大肠癌58例

[目的]评价卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂(XELOX方案)一线治疗老年晚期大肠癌的疗效和毒副反应。[方法]58例老年(≥65岁)晚期大肠癌患者,奥沙利铂130mg/m2,第1d静脉滴注;卡培他滨2000mg/(m2·d),每天2次口服,第1～14d,21d为1个周期。[结果]58例患者中CR3例,PR25例,SD14例,PD16例,有效率为48.28%。中位生存期为15.8个月,中位疾病进展时间为8.1个月。毒副反应主要为手足综合征、神经毒性、骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度。[结论]卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂的方案疗效确切,毒副反应小,老年患者能耐受,能提高生活质量。     

吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨治疗蒽环类／紫杉类耐药晚期乳腺癌24例

[目的]观察国产吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨方案治疗蒽环类和／或紫杉类治疗失败的晚期乳腺癌的近期疗效与毒副反应。[方法]对接受蒽环类和,或紫杉类药物治疗病情进展的24例乳腺癌患者,采用国产吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨方案治疗：吉西他滨1000mg／m^2,静脉滴注30min,d1、d8;长春瑞滨25mg／m^2,静脉推注,d1、d8;每21d重复一次．至少2个周期评价疗效。[结果]全组24例患者均可评价疗效,其中CR2例（8.33％）,PR9例（37.50％）,SD8例（33．33％）。PD5例（20．83％）;客观有效率（CR＋PR）45．83％,临床受益率（CR＋PR＋SD）79．16％;中位疾病进展时间（TTP）6．8个月;中位生存期（MST）17．1个月。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,但均可耐受。[结论]吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨方案治疗蒽环类和／或紫杉类药物治疗失败的晚期乳腺癌患者,疗效确切,其毒副作用患者可以耐受．值得临床进一步研究.     

拓僖联合顺铂治疗晚期食管鳞癌的临床观察

目的观察拓僖(HCPT)联合顺铂(DDP)治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效和毒副反应.方法 30例晚期食管癌患者应用HCPT 4.68～7.04 mg/m2(中位剂量为5.6 mg/m2),静脉滴注,连续3 d;DDP 58.5～100 mg/m2(中位剂量为70 mg/m2),第1天,静脉滴注;21 d为一周期,至少治疗2个周期.结果全组共完成化疗101个周期,中位化疗周期4个周期.28例可评价患者的有效率为42.9%(12/28),CR 1例,PR 11例,SD 11例,PD 5例.主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制,其他毒副反应包括恶心、呕吐,腹泻,一过性肝、肾功能轻度损害.无心、肺毒副反应发生.Ⅲ/Ⅳ度白细胞下降、恶心呕吐、血小板下降、腹泻发生率分别为28.7 %、21.8%、13.9%和2.0%.结论拓僖联合顺铂治疗食管癌疗效好,毒副反应可以耐受.     

Personalized Cancer Treatment for Ovarian Cancer

Recently there have been numerous advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer which have resultedin more appropriate treatments. In this paper we describe the experience of the Burzynski Clinic, involved intreatment of numerous patients based on personalized approach using novel combinations for difficult-to-treatmalignancies, with gynecological cancers. This retrospective study was conducted by extracting data fromBurzynski Clinic’s medical records and comprehensive review. Among the advanced refractory ovarian cancerscases (N=33), an objective response (OR) was found in 42.4%. We anticipate that with improved technology andnovel therapeutics this rate will increase and adverse events will be reduced.     

肿瘤干细胞与肿瘤转移

肿瘤干细胞和其微环境住肿瘤形成、浸润性生长和转移灶形成等各步骤均具有关键性作用。阐明其相互作用的分子机制，可为肿瘤转移的诊断、治疗和预后，提供可靠的分子标志和靶点：文章主要就以上进行综述。     

Esophageal Cancer Associated with Gastric Cancer

Among a total of 1,137 patients with esophageal cancer, therewere 44 cases of esophageal cancer associated with gastric cancer,an incidence of 3.9%. The majority of the patients were between60 and 70 yr old. Forty-two patients were male and two werefemale. Eleven of these patients had a third cancer. Six had multiplecancers in the esophagus and/or stomach. Eighteen patients hadearly gastric cancer. Thirty-two of the cancers were synchronousand 12 were metachronous. Of these 44 patients, 21 had familyhistories of cancer, 37 were smokers, and 36 were drinkers.Twenty-five patients received surgery for all of their cancers,and two patients received resection of only esophageal cancer.Of these 27 patients. five patients lived more than 5 yr. Themost frequent cause of death in our series was esophageal cancer(52.9%). Surgical treatment of all of the cancers is desirable. Whenthis is impossible, the surgery must be emphasized for the esophagealcancer in most cases.     

干细胞、癌症与癌症干细胞

干细胞被认为是一种未分化的细胞,具有永远增殖和自我更新能力.大量研究证明,癌症中存在对化疗更具抵抗性的癌症干细胞.识别癌症干细胞和普通癌症细胞之间的差异,可以发展更有效的癌症分类、诊断和治疗方法.     

Europe Against Cancer: Cancer Week UK

Since the beginning of the Europe Against Cancer (EAC) programme in 1989, much support and emphasis has been given to informing both health professionals and the public about cancer. This has come from the government and the many cancer-related charities and organizations. A week focused on cancer throughout the European Union (EU) has been encouraged each October. This paper describes the gradual development of these weeks to provide a more planned, co-ordinated and evaluated strategy. Collaboration with European partners is also addressed, emphasizing the positive benefits of such activities. Finally, the issue of monitoring and evaluation is addressed in some detail.     

National Cancer Institute Prostate Cancer Genetics Workshop

Compelling evidence supports a genetic component to prostate cancer susceptibility and aggressiveness. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified more than 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with prostate cancer susceptibility. It remains unclear, however, whether such genetic variants are associated with disease aggressiveness--one of the most important questions in prostate cancer research today. To help clarify this and substantially expand research in the genetic determinants of prostate cancer aggressiveness, the first National Cancer Institute Prostate Cancer Genetics Workshop assembled researchers to develop plans for a large new research consortium and patient cohort. The workshop reviewed the prior work in this area and addressed the practical issues in planning future studies. With new DNA sequencing technology, the potential application of sequencing information to patient care is emerging. The workshop, therefore, included state-of-the-art presentations by experts on new genotyping technologies, including sequencing and associated bioinformatics issues, which are just beginning to be applied to cancer genetics.