鼻空肠营养治疗对食管癌放疗患者疗效和不良反应的影响

目的 探讨中晚期食管癌患者放疗期间不同营养治疗方式对其近期疗效和不良反应的影响。方法 根据不同的营养干预途径，将134例有高危因素的中晚期食管癌患者分为试验组及对照组。试验组（n=67）给予鼻空肠营养管饲治疗，对照组（n=67）给予膳食指导、口服营养补充或肠外营养治疗。对比两组患者近期疗效、不良反应发生率和治疗完成率，并分析管饲相关不良事件。结果 两组患者一般资料均衡可比。试验组放疗有效率高于对照组，但无统计学差异（P>0.05）。试验组消化道出血、 3级以上放射性食管炎发生率均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）， 但3级以上骨髓抑制、 2级以上放射性肺炎发生率较对照组无差异（P>0.05）。试验组治疗完成率高于对照组（P<0.05）。试验组放疗期间、放疗后1月体重丢失均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。试验组所有患者于放疗结束后1月内拔除空肠营养管，共4例患者（5.97%）出现食管返流、误吸与吸入性肺炎，并未影响原有治疗计划。结论 在对有高危因素的中晚期食管癌患者行胸部放疗时，鼻空肠管饲营养治疗有助于维持患者体重、降低不良反应、减少治疗中断。     

调强放疗的肿瘤患者营养状况与生活质量相关性分析

目的探讨食管肿瘤与头颈部肿瘤患者在调强放疗期间营养状况和生活质量的相关性。方法选取2018年11月至2019年5月肿瘤放疗患者进行研究，采用NRS 2002和PG-SGA对患者进行营养评估，运用EORTC QLQ-C30进行生活质量测评，并分析两者之间相关性。结果41例患者中食管肿瘤23例，头颈部肿瘤18例，放疗后体重丢失35例，占85.36%，其中丢失≥5%体重患者19例，占46.34%，体重丢失>10%患者2例，占4.88%，平均丢失体重3.6kg。41例患者中合并骨髓抑制31例、低蛋白血症15例，电解质紊乱24例。放疗后，41例患者在总健康水平及功能方面得分均低于放疗前（P<0.05），症状方面如疼痛、疲倦、食欲丧失等得分均高于放疗前（P<0.05）。总健康水平、躯体功能、疼痛和食欲丧失等方面与营养状况存在明显相关性（P<0.05）；而社会功能、情绪功能、气促和便秘与营养状况无明显相关性（P>0.05）。结论肿瘤患者在放疗期间的营养状况和生活质量存在相关性，应重视肿瘤放疗患者的营养评估及干预，改善患者躯体功能、疼痛、食欲等方面的生活质量，从而提高放疗效果。     

全程营养管理在胸部肿瘤患者术后放疗中的应用效果研究

目的∶探讨全程营养管理在胸部肿瘤术后放疗患者的应用效果。方法∶连续纳入某三甲肿瘤专科医院胸部肿瘤放疗科 2018 年2月至 2019 年3月收治的112 例胸部肿瘤术后行放疗的患者,其中试验组与对照组各56 例,对照组采用常规饮食护理,实验组在常规饮食护理基础上采用全程营养管理;比较两组患者放疗期间营养指标、放疗不良反应发生情况、生活质量评分变化情况。结果∶采用全程营养管理后,试验组患者体重、血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白值、生活质量得分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。试验组患者放疗不良反应发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论∶全程营养管理能有效改善胸部肿瘤术后放疗患者营养状况,降低放疗不良反应发生率,提高生活质量。     

鼻咽癌放疗患者显著体重丢失的影响因素及预测模型

目的 明确鼻咽癌患者调强放射治疗(IMRT)期间显著体重丢失的发生情况,探索影响患者显著体重丢失的关键因 素,建立预测模型。 方法 前瞻性收集 377 例接受 IMRT 鼻咽癌患者的一般人口学资料、临床特征、营养状况,以放疗期间体重 丢失≥10%作为判断显著体重丢失的标准,将其分为显著体重丢失组(CWL 组,154 例)和无显著体重丢失组( non-CWL 组, 233 例)。 单因素分析用于候选因子的初步选择,选取有统计学意义的变量进行多因素 Logistic 回归分析,建立预测模型。 绘 制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线检测模型的预测效能,采用 Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L)检验预测模型的拟合度。 结果 377 例鼻咽 癌患者中,有 154 例(40. 8%)出现了显著体重丢失。 两组患者的肿瘤家族史、合并心脑血管疾病、N 分期(UICC)、颈部放疗剂 量、体质指数(BMI)、放疗期间是否使用靶向药物、放疗期间是否使用化疗药物、Epstein-Barr(EB)病毒拷贝数、工作情况之间 的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 10)。 多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示,无肿瘤家族史、高 N 分期、颈部放疗剂量高、高 BMI 值、放疗期间使用化疗药、放疗期间不使用靶向药是鼻咽癌患者放疗期间显著体重丢失的独立危险因素(P<0. 05)。 基于以上 6 个因素建立预测模型,ROC 曲线下面积为 72. 5%,灵敏度为 73. 9%,特异度为 57. 8%,H-L 检验结果为 P= 0. 25,提示模型有 较好地拟合效果及鉴别效能。 结论 所构建的预测模型能较好地预测鼻咽癌患者放疗期间显著体重丢失的发生风险,为临床 医护人员及时、针对性对高风险患者给予预防性营养治疗提供参考。     

维生素 B2 和康复新液改善头颈部肿瘤放疗患者口腔黏膜炎和营养状况

目的 分析维生素 B2 联合康复新液对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者的口腔黏膜炎和营养状况的影响。 方法 前瞻性选择 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 1 月入南京医科大学第一附属医院确诊头颈部肿瘤患者共 108 例,均采用强调适形放疗技术,总治疗剂 量为 60~ 74 Gy,每天 1 次,每周 5 次,持续 6~ 7 周;可同时联合化疗。 所有患者均出现口腔黏膜炎,然后将其随机分为对照组 和试验组各 54 例,对照组仅采用维生素 B2 口服,试验组联合维生素 B2 和康复新液。 根据放射治疗肿瘤组(RTOG)标准评估 口腔黏膜炎的严重程度(Ⅲ/ Ⅳ级),采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS) 评分评估疼痛程度,营养指标包括体重丢失量、体质指数 (BMI)丢失量、白蛋白丢失量、前白蛋白丢失量、血红蛋白丢失量和总淋巴细胞计数丢失量,以及患者主观整体评估(PGSGA)评分,不良反应包括口干、恶心呕吐、血小板减少、中性粒细胞减少、神经毒性和肾毒性。 结果 试验组Ⅲ/ Ⅳ级口腔黏膜 炎的发生率比对照组明显下降,口腔黏膜炎的消失时间比对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。 两组治疗后 2 h、4 h 和 6 h 疼痛 VAS 评分均比治疗前明显下降,但试验组比对照组进一步降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。 试验组治疗后 4 周和 7 周的体重丢失量、BMI 丢失量以及治疗 7 周的白蛋白丢失量均比对照组显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。 试验组治 疗后 7 周的 PG-SGA 评分显示,营养状况明显优于对照组(P<0. 05)。 两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。 结论 维生素 B2 联合康复新液能够显著改善头颈部肿瘤放疗患者的口腔黏膜炎和营养状况,减轻疼痛。     

肠内营养对食管癌同步放化疗患者营养状况、不良反应和近期疗效影响——前瞻性、多中心、随机对照临床研究(NCT02399306)

目的 探讨肠内营养对食管癌同步放化疗患者体重、营养状况、不良反应和近期疗效的影响。方法 符合入组条件的食管癌患者按2：1随机分为试验组(同步放化疗联合肠内营养组)和对照组(同步放化疗组)。主要研究终点为放疗过程中及放疗后体重变化。次要研究终点包括营养相关血液学指标、放化疗不良反应、治疗完成率和近期疗效等。采用χ²或t检验差异。结果 2014—2017年共入组203例患者,其中试验组139例,对照组64例。试验组放疗中及放疗后体重丢失明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白的降低明显低于对照组(P<0.05),但淋巴细胞总数减少两组患者无差异(P>0.05)。试验组≥3级骨髓抑制和感染发生率明显低于对照组,而放化疗完成率高于对照组(P<0.05)。放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎发生率两组患者无差异(P>0.05)。试验组肿瘤客观缓解率高于对照组,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 对于食管癌同步放化疗患者,肠内营养有利于保持患者放疗过程中和放疗后体重,改善营养状况,提高治疗完成率,降低不良反应。     

不同放疗方法对食管癌患者近期疗效的影响

目的观察不同放疗方法对食管癌患者近期疗效的影响。方法选取2012年3月至2014年2月间收治的112例食管癌,随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组56例,试验组患者采用三维适形放疗,对照组患者采取常规放疗。观察两组患者1、2年局部控制率及生存率、不良反应发生率及治疗满意率。结果试验组患者1、2年生存率分别为85.7%和58.9%,显著高于对照组的67.9%和37.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者1、2年局部控制率分别为69.6%和48.2%,显著高于对照组的50.0%和28.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者放射性肺炎发生率为3.6%,显著低于对照组的16.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者放射性食管炎发生率为26.9%,显著高于对照组的10.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者治疗满意率为96.4%,显著高于对照组的82.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与常规放疗比较,三维适形放疗患者生存率及局部控制率高,放射性肺炎发生率低,三维适形放疗放射性食管炎发生率较高与肿瘤区域高剂量分布有关,尚可耐受,患者对治疗满意度较高,可延长患者生命,减少不良反应,增加治疗依从性。     

营养治疗对头颈部肿瘤放化疗营养状况影响的前瞻#br# 性研究

目的  探讨营养治疗对头颈部肿瘤患者以铂为基础双药化疗联合放疗患者营养状况的影响。方法  选取本院治疗 的 96 例头颈部肿瘤患者,随机分为营养治疗组（研究组,n=48）和日常饮食组（对照组,n=48）,治疗过程中分别给予 营养治疗和日常饮食,观察两组患者治疗期间的营养状况变化,以体重变化为主要观察指标,同时比较其他营养相关血液 学指标,应用 SPSS 19.0 软件进行相关统计分析。结果  两组患者在治疗期间均出现了不同程度的体重丢失、骨髓抑制和营 养相关指标下降。其中营养治疗组的体重丢失明显低于日常饮食组,具有统计学差异（P=0.001）;白细胞、淋巴细胞、血 红蛋白减少的发生率更低（P=0.009、P=0.000、P=0.033）;且低蛋白血症,低钙、低镁血症的发生概率和严重程度均低于 对照组（P=0.010、P=0.020、P=0.006）,具有统计学差异。另外,研究组中、重度急性期反应蛋白升高的患者比例明显低 于对照组,具有统计学差异（P=0.000）。结论  营养治疗可以改善头颈部肿瘤放化疗的营养状况,体重丢失的发生率更低, 而且白细胞、淋巴细胞、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白等血液学指标下降的发生率低,减轻了治疗相关毒副反应,但是否会带来 长期生存获益还有待进一步研究。     

口服营养补充对食管癌放疗患者营养状况的影响

目的 探讨口服营养补充对食管癌放疗患者营养状况的影响。方法 选取2016年9月至2018年4月期间中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第989医院肿瘤科收治能经口进食、拟行直线加速器适形调强放疗（60Gy/30F）且PG-SGA评分≥4分的食管癌患者100例作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为研究组（口服营养补充组）和对照组（常规液体组），比较两组患者放疗前后能量、蛋白质摄入量、体重以及白蛋白、血红蛋白及淋巴细胞计数等相关营养指标的变化情况。结果 放疗前，两组患者年龄、体重、BMI、KPS评分、PG-SGA评分、营养相关指标均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。放疗后，研究组和对照组体重均有所丢失，但研究组体重丢失无统计学差异（P＞0.05）；对照组放疗后血红蛋白、淋巴细胞、白蛋白和白细胞水平均有明显下降（P＜0.05）；研究组放疗后淋巴细胞有明显下降（P＜0.05），但白蛋白、血红蛋白和白细胞水平下降趋势不明显（P＞0.05）。结论 对于能够经口进食又不能满足营养需求的食管癌放疗患者，口服营养补充有利于补充患者能量和蛋白质需要，保持放疗后体重，改善营养状况。     

放疗联合中药治疗老年Ⅲ A/Ⅲ B期非小细胞肺癌疗效的观察

目的 观察立体定向放疗+中药"贞芪八珍汤"加减方案治疗老年ⅢA/ⅢB期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的疗效.方法 将90例NSCLC患者随机分成两组:试验组60例患者应用立体定向放疗+中药"贞芪八珍汤"加减方案,对照组30例单纯应用立体定向放疗方案,治疗结束后比较近期疗效、Karnofsky评分、肿瘤标志物PPN/MG61水平的变化及中医症状疗效的变化.结果 试验组有效率(53.3%)与对照组(53.3%)比较差异无统计学意义(x2=6.474,P＞0.05);试验组治疗后血清PPN/MG61下降水平(5.80±0.22)ng/L明显高于对照组(2.94±0.35)ng/L(t=3.23,P＜0.05);试验组放疗后生活质量明显优于对照组(x2=4.173,P＜0.05);试验组中医症状总有效率(75.0%)高于对照组(64.3%)(x2=5.174,P＜0.05).结论 立体定向放疗+中药治疗方案可稳定晚期NSCLC患者的病情及改善生活质量、提高Kamofsky评分,同时可显著降低NSCLC患者血清PPN/MG61水平,PPN/MG61可作为ⅢA/ⅢB期NSCLC治疗疗效评价的指标.     

The medically important dematiaceous fungi and their identification

Dematiaceous fungi include a large group of organisms that are darkly pigmented (dark brown, olivaceous, or black). In most cases the pigment is melanin, and specifically, dihydroxynaphthalene melanin. The diseases produced include chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis is a new classification for a diverse group of previously known entities grouped together on the basis of finding dematiaceous hyphal and/or yeast-like forms in tissue; tissue involvement may be superficial, cutaneous and corneal, subcutaneous, or systemic. Identification of these fungi is based mostly upon morphology. Important structures include annellides (Phaeoannellomyces, Exophiala), phialides (Phialophora, Wangiella), adelophialides (Phialemonium without collarettes, Lecythophora with collarettes), differentiation of conidiophores (Xylohypha versus Cladosporium) and conidial hilum, septation and germination (Bipolaris, Drechslera, Exserohilum). Useful laboratory tests include the 12% gelatin test (controversial), nitrate assimilation (W. dermatitidis is negative, most other species are positive), and determination of temperature maxima (especially 37 degrees C for E. jeanselmei, 40 degrees C for W. dermatitidis and B. spicifera, 42 degrees C for X. bantiana, and 45 degrees C for Dactylaria constricta var. gallopava and Scedosporium inflatum).     

Orale Langzeitbehandlung von Onychomykosen mit Ketoconazol

Zusammenfassung: An der Studie zur Wirksamkeit und Anwendungssicherheit von Ketoconazol nahmen 27 Männer im Alter von 20 bis 80 (Median: 57) Jahre, davon 18 mit Onychomykosen und 9 als KontroUen bei den Laborwertbestimmungen, teil. Während des ersten Behandlungsmonats erhielten je 9 Patienten 200 mg und 400 mg Ketoconazol täglich. Danach wurden beide Gruppen 6 Monate mit 200 mg/d weiterbehandelt. Die klinische Beurteilung sowie hämatologische, biochemische und Plasmaspiegeluntersu-chungen erfolgten mindestens monafich, mykologische Untersuchungen wurden vor Aufnahme und bei Beendigung der Therapie vorgenommen. Erne letzte klinische Unter-suchung erfolgte 1 Jahr nach Beginn der Studie. Nach 7 Monaten Behandlung wurden 23 von 30 Nägeln mit “gebessert” bis “stark gebessert” beurteilt, nach dem behandlungsfreien Intervall galt dies für 28 von 30 Nägeln. Die Plasmaspiegel waren mit 200 mg/d ausreichend und uber den Behandlungszeit-raum konstant. Dies spricht für gute orale Resorption und Abwesenheit von Enzyminduktion. Die Laborwerte zeigten im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen und den Werten vor Behandlung keine signifikanten Abweichungen, so daß myelo-, nephro- und hepatotoxische Wirkungen von 400 bzw. 200 mg/d ausgeschlossen werden können. Der Lipidhaushalt wurde nicht beeinfluat und es trat unter Therapie als Folge der Ketoconazolwirkung lediglich Lanosterin im Serum auf. Nach Beendigung der Therapie ging der Lanosteringehalt schnell zurück. Damit erweist sich Ketoconazol in den angewandten Dosen als ein gut verträgliches und zur Langzeitbehandlung von Onychomykosen geeignetes Antimykotikum. Summary: Twenty-seven males with a median age of 57 (range: 20 to 80) years took part in this study on the efficacy and safety of ketoconazole. Eighteen men suffered from onychomycosis; nine served as controls in the safety evaluation. During the first month of treatment, nine patients received 200 mg and the nine other 400 mg ketoconazole daily. Then the treatment was uniformly continued with 200 mg/d for 6 months. Clinical evaluation and haematological, biochemical and plasma level investigations were carried out at least at monthly intervals; mycological controls were performed at the start and end of therapy. A final clinical evaluation was carried out one year after the start of the study. After 7 months of treatment, moderate or definite clinical improvement was obtained in 23 out of 30 nails. After 5 more months without antimycotic treatment this was the case in 28 of 30 nails. Plasma levels obtained with 200 mg ketoconazole daily were adequate and constant during the entire treatment period. This indicates a good oral resorption as well as the absence of induction of hepatic enzymes. The laboratory values did not show significant deviations as compared with the controls or with the pretreatment values. This excludes myelo-, nephro- and hepatotoxic effects of 400 and 200 mg ketoconazole daily. The lipid metabolism was not influenced, the only difference was the occurrence of lanosterol in the serum, which is a result of the mechanism of action of ketoconazole. After the medication period the lanosterol levels subsided rapidly. In the applied doses ketoconazole is a well-tolerated and effective drug for the systemic long-term treatment of onychomycosis.     

Laboratory Techniques Alternative to In Vivo Experiments for Studying the Liberation, Penetration and Fungicidal Action of Topical Antimycotic Agents in the Skin, Including Ciclopiroxolamine

Summary: Short-term experiments on excised skin (human, pig) gave the following results: 1. In the tissue activity test with direct inoculation (D-TAT) commercial preparations of the non-azole antimycotics ciclopiroxolamine, tolnaftate and naftifine, produced higher inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (standard strain) in various levels of the horny layer than were produced by the azole antimycotics econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole and bifonazole. Fast drying solutions of antimycotics invariably gave higher inhibitory activities than creams. In the ultrafiltration tissue activity test (UFT- TAT) against Candida albicans (2 strains), antimycotic agents ranked in order of effectiveness as follows: ciclopiroxolamine – most of the azole antimycotics – bifonazole and naftifine. 2. In tests of fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes (2 strains) and Microsporum gypseum (1 strain) the first step was to inoculate the skin surface. After the horny layer had been penetrated by fungal mycelia, antimycotic agents of documented fungicidal potency, chiefly in the form of creams, were applied to the skin surface and left to act for up to 18 hours. The horny layer and epidermis were then scraped off and the concentration of viable fungi was determined. Ciclopiroxolamine cream and lotion produced by far the greatest diminution in viable fungi; creams containing oxiconazole and naftifine were moderately effective and those containing tioconazole and bifonazole produced a relatively small decrease in viable fungi. To avoid erroneous results it is important to homogenize and dilute the skin scrapings; if this is not done certain antimycotics will give misleadingly high fungal killing rates. At this early stage the scatter of results is still wide and minor differences in efficacy cannot as yet be detected with certainty. 3. From the results of various comparative tests it is evident that pig skin can be used as a substitute for human skin in the tests listed under 1. and 2. above. This discovery may make a valuable contribution towards limiting the need for experiments on living animals and trials on human beings. Zusammenfassung: In Kurzzeitversuchen an exzidierter Haut (Mensch, Schwein) wurde gefunden: 1. Im Gewebeaktivitätstest mit direkter Inokulation (D-GAT) wurde mit Handelspräparaten der Nichtazol-Antimykotika Ciclopiroxolamin, Tolnaftat und Naftifin in verschiedenen Hornschichtniveaus eine höhere Hemmaktivität gegenüber Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Standard-Stamm) erzielt als mit solchen der Azol-Antimykotika Econazol, Miconazol, Clotrimazol, Oxiconazol und Bifonazol. Rasch trocknende Lösungen von Antimykotika ergaben durchweg höhere Hemmaktivitäten als Cremes. Im Ultrafiltrations-Gewebeaktivitätstest (UFT-GAT) gegenüber Candida albicans (2 Stämme) ergab sich nach erzielter Wirksamkeit die Rangfolge Ciclopiroxolamine – Mehrzahl der Azolantimykotika – Bifonazol und Naftifin. 2. In Fungizidie-Testen gegenüber T. mentagrophytes (2 Stämme) und Microsporum gypseum (1 Stamm) wurde zunächst die Hautoberfläche inokuliert. Nach Durchdringung der Hornschicht mit Pilzmyzelien wirkten auf die Hautoberfläche bis zu 18 Stunden lang überwiegend Cremes von als fungizid publizierten Antimykotika ein. Während sich in abgeschabter Hornschicht und Epidermis der so bearbeiteten Hautoberflächen mit Ciclopiroxolamin-Creme und -Lotion die weitaus höchste Verminderung lebensfähiger Keime ergab, bewirkten Cremes mit Oxiconazol und Naftifin eine mittlere und solche mit Tioconazol und Bifonazol eine relativ niedrige Keimeliminierung. Zur Vermeidung von fehlerhaften Ergebuissen mußten Homogenisierung und Verdünnung der Hautschabsel erfolgen, anderenfalls bei mehreren Antimykotika eine zu hohe Keimabtötung vorgetäuscht worden wäre. Wegen der vorerst noch hohen Streuung der Ergebnisse können kleinere Wirksamkeitsunterschiede noch nicht sicher erfaßt werden. 3. Nach dem Ergebnis verschiedener Vergleichstests kann in den Testen zu 1. und 2. Schweinehaut als Ersatz für Haut vom Menschen dienen und dürfte damit wesentlich zur Einschränkung von Versuchen am lebenden Tier und von Prüfungen am Menschen beitragen.     

Efficiency of crude and purified fungal antigens in serodiagnosis to discriminate mycotic from other respiratory diseases

Mycotic immunodiagnosis was performed in 186 hospitalized patients with different respiratory diseases, mostly considered as tuberculosis and others with a doubtful diagnosis. Crude histoplasmin, coccidioidin, paracoccidioidin, blastomycin, candidin, aspergillin, and sporotrichin, as well as purified polysaccharide-protein complexes (PPC) of Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were used as antigens. Immune tests used included skin test (ST), gel immunodiffusion (ID), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), complement fixation (CF), and ELISA. A possible association with candidosis was observed in 17% of patients with tuberculosis and diabetes; one presumptive paracoccidioidomycosis, one confirmed aspergillosis, and six cases of active histoplasmosis were determined. Candidin ST showed 29% of positive reactions with an increased frequency in patients between 31 and 55 years of age. CF test showed the highest positivity percentages with crude antigens, specially for Candida antigen (26.3%) and histoplasmin (18.2%). Cross reactions were evident with crude antigens but decreased when PPC's were used in ELISA.     

Isoconazole nitrate in the treatment of tropical dermatomycoses

Summary. A total of 54 patients with culturally proven tropical dermatomycoses, comprising 23 with various types of dermatophytoses, one with foot infection due to Trichosporon beigelii and one with foot infection due to Geotrichum candidum , two with candidoses of the groin and 27 with pityriasis versicolor, were included in a clinical trial of efficacy of 1% isoconazole cream (Travogen^R, Schering, Berlin, Germany). Five patients were not evaluable. A clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 29 cases in 3–4 weeks. In 15 (31%) of the remaining patients treatment was required for 5–6 weeks, while another three patients required treatment for 8 weeks. In two patients the disease proved to be resistant to treatment with the drug.
Zusammenfassung. Insgesamt 54 Patienten mit kulturell gesicherter Dermatomykose, (23 unterschiedliche Dermatophytosen, eine Trichosporon beigelii - und eine Geotrichum candidum -Fußinfektion, 2 Candidosen der Leistengegend und 27 Pityriasis versicolor) wurden in einer klinischen Wirksamkeits-studie mit 1% iger Isoconazol-Creme (Travogen^R, Schering, Berlin, Deutschland) behandelt. Fünf Patienten waren nicht auswertbar. Eine klinische und mykologische Heilung wurde bei 47 von 49 Patienten (96%) erreicht. Bei 29 patienten (59%) wurde die Heilung bereits nach 3–4 Wochen Behandlung erreicht. Weitere 15 Patienten (31%) benötigten 5–6 Wochen und drei Patienten 8 Wochen Behandlungsdauer. Zwei Mykosesituationen erwiesen sich als therapieresistent.     

Large-scale molecular characterization and analysis of gastric cancer

The recent effort by The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） Network has revealed that gastric cancer, which is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate less than 25%, is a much more heterogeneous disease than previously thought. And yet, conventional treatment approaches and clinical trials have assumed it is a single disease. Although it is well known that under the microscope, gastric cancer cells appear quite different, the current classification scheme recognizes two main categories of gastric cancer： diffuse and intestinal.     

A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: Coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the International Initiative for Accelerated Improvement of Glioblastoma Care

To improve prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma we developed a treatment protocol based on a combination of drugs not traditionally thought of as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents but that have a robust history of being well-tolerated and are already marketed and used for other non-cancer indications. Focus was on adding drugs which met these criteria: a) were pharmacologically well characterized, b) had low likelihood of adding to patient side effect burden, c) had evidence for interfering with a recognized, well-characterized growth promoting element of glioblastoma, and d) were coordinated, as an ensemble had reasonable likelihood of concerted activity against key biological features of glioblastoma growth. We found nine drugs meeting these criteria and propose adding them to continuous low dose temozolomide, a currently accepted treatment for relapsed glioblastoma, in patients with recurrent disease after primary treatment with the Stupp Protocol. The nine adjuvant drug regimen, Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths, CUSP9, then are aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, copper gluconate, disulfiram, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, sertraline, to be added to continuous low dose temozolomide. We discuss each drug in turn and the specific rationale for use- how each drug is expected to retard glioblastoma growth and undermine glioblastoma''s compensatory mechanisms engaged during temozolomide treatment. The risks of pharmacological interactions and why we believe this drug mix will increase both quality of life and overall survival are reviewed.     

Endometrial cancers and predisposition

As nearly 5% of all endometrial cancers occur because of a predisposition, this possibility has systematically to be explored. The hallmarks of predisposition, a young age at diagnosis, a personal or a familial history of cancer, have to be searched systematically. The identification of a predisposition in a family has a major impact on the management of the proband or his relatives. The endometrial cancer main predisposition is Lynch's syndrome. In this review, we will focus on this condition and describe its clinical manifestations, the underlying molecular mechanisms, the cancer risks and the management guidelines. We will also get onto some far less frequent other predispositions.