食管平滑肌瘤10例临床治疗体会

我院１９７５年６月～１９９０年７月共收治食管平滑肌瘤１０例，占同期食管肿瘤总数的０．１９２％（１０／１０９２）。位于食管上段２例，中段５例，下段３例。Ｘ线食管钡餐造影是诊断本病的主要方法。行食管粘膜外肿瘤摘除９例，食管部分切除１例，效果良好。本文就其诊断与手术治疗进行了讨论。     

仙人掌原液毒性的初步研究

背景与目的： 研究仙人掌原液的毒性。 材料与方法： 小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。 结果： 仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g/kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论： 在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

仙人掌原毒性的初步研究

背景与目的:研究仙人掌原液的毒性。材料与方法:小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。结果:仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g／kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论:在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

中晚期贲门癌148例的外科治疗

目的　总结贲门癌手术治疗影响生存率的因素 ,提供今后工作参考。方法　对 14 8例经手术治疗的贲门癌患者进行术后并发症、绝对生存率的X2 检验。结果　本组切除率为 94.5 9% ,近半胃切除占 72 .14 % ,1、3、5年生存率分别为 67.9%、45 %和 2 4.3 %。病期、外侵程度和淋巴结转移等因素对 5年生存率有显著影响 (P <0 .0 1)。术后并发症以吻合口瘘及肺癌并发症为多见 ,其发生率为 3 .6% ,手术死亡率 1.4%。结论　提高生存率的关键在于早期诊断 ,根治手术和术后积极综合治疗。     

胆囊癌29例分析

目的探索胆囊癌的防治方法。方法分析29例胆囊癌病人临床资料、治疗方法及结果。结果术前诊断明确者21例，剖腹探查发现已属晚期，9例为Ⅳ期行根治术，12例为Ⅴ期未行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡。术前怀疑胆囊癌者5例，剖腹探查冰冻切片证实为Ⅴ期及Ⅳ期者各1例，Ⅴ期未行根治术，Ⅳ期行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡；Ⅲ期者3例，行胆囊癌根治术分别于术后10月、13月、17月死亡。2例术中冰冻切片发现的Ⅱ期胆囊癌，行胆囊癌根治术，分别于术后23月、26月死亡。1例意外胆囊癌属Ⅰ期胆囊癌，术后5年半死亡。结论要减少胆囊癌危害，重在及时治疗胆囊结石。     

Clinico-Pathological Study of 50 Cases of Tumours of Larynx

Otoacoustic emissions have been advocated in the management of otitis media with effusion. However, otoacoustic emissions cannot differentiate different types of hearing loss. This study was conducted to find factor that can differentiate otitis media with effusion from other common causes of hearing loss in children. Children were enrolled in the study and divided in four groups consisting of 25 ears each after pure tone and impedance audiometry: (1) Otitis media with effusion group, (2) Normal ear group, (3) Sensory-neural hearing loss group, (4) Chronic suppurative otitis media group. Otoacoustic emissions were recorded and results were analyzed statistically. The normal hearing group had significant difference from other groups but total band reproducibility of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions did not show any statistical difference in the cases groups. In distortion product otoacoustic emissions, group 1 showed significant difference from group 3 and group 1 had significant difference from all other groups at 4 kHz. The study did not find any factor that differentiates otitis media with effusion from other diseases. Although, distortion product otoacoustic emissions can indicate otitis media with effusion but impedance audiometry should be the main tool in the management of otitis media with effusion.     

食管贲门癌切除术黏膜层单层吻合法疗效分析

目的探讨食管、胃及空肠黏膜单层吻合法预防吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及返流性食管炎的效果.方法 1996年3月～2002年8月手术治疗食管癌235例,贲门癌195例,采用食管-胃及空肠黏膜延长、黏膜单层缝合法.结果术后10 d X线吞钡照片示钡剂通过顺畅,吻合口直径1.5～2 cm.术后随访1年,吞咽顺利,未见吻合口狭窄.结论该术式吻合口径宽,对预防吻合口瘘、狭窄及返流性食管炎效果显著,是食管及胃肠吻合较为理想的方法.     

恶性肿瘤肝转移假性肝硬化发生机制及诊疗的研究进展

随着对恶性肿瘤的深入研究,越来越多的肿瘤患者接受到更规范更多线的治疗.更多线的化疗及靶向治疗,使一部分恶性肿瘤肝转移患者的肝脏发生类似肝硬化的形态学及临床改变,称之为假性肝硬化.由于假性肝硬化罕见,对于它的认识多来自于个案报道.因此,本文通过综述国内外关于假性肝硬化的个案报道及相关研究,对其发生机制、影像学及临床表现和...     

Management of intracranial metastases of differentiated carcinoma of thyroid

Summary Brain metastases in differentiated carinoma of the thyroid is a rare occurrence. We treated five documented cases of carcinoma of thyroid with brain metastases out of 400 cases of thyroid cancer treated between 1972 to 1993. 4 were females out of which one was pregnant during the appearance of brain metastases. All cases were treated with thyroidectomy, and radioiodine as primary therapy. Brain metastases developed 6 months to 11 years following treatment of the primary and were treated with radiotherapy and suppressive levothyroxine. We observed the beneficial effect of suppressive thyroxine and the poor prognosis associated with pregnancy and withdrawl of thyroid replacement therapy. 3 of the 5 patients are alive 12–23 months after treatment for brain metastases, while 2 patients died at 4 months and 7 years post brain metastases due to pulmonary and hepatic failure, respectively.     

胆囊腺瘤癌变的相关因素分析

目的:探讨胆囊腺瘤癌变与临床因素的相关性。方法:应用ROC曲线,计算胆囊腺瘤癌变的肿瘤大小临界值。应用χ2独立性检验,计算胆囊腺瘤癌变与临床因素的相关性、临床表现与肿瘤位置的相关性。结果:肿瘤良恶性临界值为2.27 cm。胆囊腺瘤癌变与患者的性别、年龄、是否合并结石无明显相关性（P＞0.05）,而与肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、形态、超声下是否有血流(P＜0.05)等临床病理特征有明显相关性。临床症状与肿瘤是否位于胆囊颈部有明显相关性(P＜0.05)。结论:胆囊腺瘤在超声扫描下表现为单发、无蒂、有血流、直径大于2.27 cm,应高度怀疑已有恶变。肿瘤位于胆囊颈部可引起右上腹胀痛、疼痛向右背部放射、恶心呕吐等临床表现。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤7例临床病理特征并文献复习

目的探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）的临床病理特征以及免疫组化特点。方法对7例SPTP进行临床、组织病理、免疫表型的观察并复习相关文献。结果 7例SPTP,男女之比为2∶5,平均年龄34岁,仅3例有临床症状。6例发生于胰腺,有1例发生在胰腺外。肿瘤均呈囊实性;组织学上肿瘤细胞形态较一致,呈巢状排列,并形成假乳头状结构,部分瘤细胞呈透明细胞样细胞改变;间质黏液样变性、异物巨细胞反应及胆固醇样结晶。免疫组化结果显示：瘤细胞Vimentin、AAT呈强阳性,EMA均呈阴性;部分病例NSE、Syn、CgA、CD56、CD10、、AE1/AE3、PR局部阳性。4例术后随访30～114个月,患者均未发现复发及转移。结论 SPTP少见,多见于年轻女性,以实性、假乳头结构为主要组织学特征,并伴有其它多种组织学结构及多向分化的免疫组化表型。免疫组织化学检测结果对SPTP诊断具有重要价值,AAT、Vimentin阳性是诊断SPTP的可靠依据。     

Lack of Influence of Pregnancy on the Prognosis of Survivors of Thyroid Cancer

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of pregnancy on prognosis of thyroid cancer.Methods: A total of 72 patients aged between 15-45 years who underwent total or subtotal thyroidectomy andsubsequently radioablation were followed up under suppression. Individuals who had term pregnancies afterdiagnosis of cancer (group 1, n: 36) and who were non-pregnant (group 2, n:36) were included in the study.Both groups were compared in terms of scintigraphic relapse and metastasis, ultrasonographic relapse, stagechange of lympadenopathy at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: Relapse was detected in 4 outof 36 pregnant patients (11.1%) and in 5 out of 36 non-pregnant patients (13.9%) with no significant differencebetween groups (p=1.00). Pathologic lymphadenopathy was detected in 2 out of 36 pregnant patients (5.6%) andin 2 out of 36 non-pregnant patients (5.6%) (p=1.00), and metastasis in 3 (8.3%) and in 1 (2.8%), respectively(p=0.61). While stage change was detected in only one pregnant patient (2.8%), and none of the non-pregnantagain there was no significant difference (p=1.00). Conclusions: We conclude that pregnancy does not have aninfluence on prognosis of thyroid cancer.     

少见部位骨巨细胞瘤的X线影像分析

目的统计分析一组少见部位骨巨细胞瘤的Ｘ线影像表现,对易与之混淆的４种骨病提出鉴别诊断,以加深认识。方法搜集经手术、病理证实的少见部位骨巨细胞瘤４８例Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和动脉造影片资料进行回顾性分析。结果表现为囊状膨胀性骨质破坏３０例,且内多有肥皂泡沫状表现;溶骨性骨质破坏１０例;骨外有软组织肿块,骨塌陷变扁伴局部膨出４例;侵犯邻骨４例;骨质增生硬化３例;异常血管及“肿瘤染色”３例。结论Ｘ线平片对少见部位骨巨细胞瘤诊断具有重要价值,ＣＴ优于平片,动脉造影有助于诊断与制定治疗方案。     

舌癌的放射治疗60例分析

 目的　分析 6 0例舌癌采用不同方式治疗的作用 ,探讨提高疗效的最佳治疗方案。方法　回顾分析 1975年 6月至 1994年 6月收治的 6 0例舌癌患者 ,其中单纯放疗 2 5例 ,术前放疗 10例 ,术后放疗2 5例。结果　总的 3年、5年生存率分别为 5 8.3% (35 / 6 0 )和 4 6 .7% (2 8/ 6 0 )。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期的3年和 5年生存率分别为 80 .0 %、6 0 .0 %、6 0 .0 %、4 5 .5 %和 70 .0 %、4 0 .0 %、4 6 .7%、4 0 .0 %。单纯放疗组分别为 36 .0 %和 2 0 .0 % ,术前放疗组分别为 80 .0 %和 80 .0 % ,术后放疗组分别为 72 .0 %和 6 0 .0 %。结论　舌癌放疗与手术综合治疗优于单纯外照射 (P <0 .0 1) ,而术前放疗明显优于术后放疗 (P <0 .0 1)。     

Predictors of malignant potential of cystic lesions of the pancreas

Background

Cystic lesions of the pancreas (CLP) are a diagnostic dilemma, the correct characterisation of which determines surgical management.

Methods

From 1995 to 2005, radiology and pathology records were reviewed for the presence of CLP. CLP were divided into three groups; Group 1: Benign, Group 2: Pre-malignant, and Group 3: Malignant.

Results

Seventy-nine of 121 patients were included [Group 1: n = 46, Group 2: n = 10, Group 3: n = 23], with a median age at diagnosis of 68 (31–92) years. The median follow-up period was 24 (14–84) months. On univariate analysis, female gender (p = 0.04), jaundice (p < 0.01), raised serum ALT concentration (p = 0.03), cyst size (≥2.5 cm) (p < 0.01), and biliary duct dilatation (p < 0.01) were associated with malignant potential. Benign cysts were more likely to present incidentally (p < 0.01). On multi-variate analysis, cyst size (≥2.5 cm) was an independent predictor of malignant potential. Sub-group analysis revealed that cysts < 2.5 cm in the head of the pancreas with evidence of biliary obstruction (either abnormal liver function; raised ALT [p = 0.01], ALP [p = 0.01], total bilirubin [p = 0.02], and/or biliary duct dilatation [p < 0.01]) were associated with malignant potential.

Conclusion

Cyst size ≥2.5 cm on computer tomography imaging was an independent predictor of pre-malignant and malignant pancreatic cysts. Cyst size and the presence of biliary obstruction predict potentially malignant cysts of the head of the pancreas, which require surgical management.     

17例小汗腺汗孔瘤的临床病理特征分析

目的:分析17例小汗腺汗孔瘤（EP）患者的临床表现、病理学特点及诊断、鉴别诊断。方法:对我院近8年明确诊断 EP的患者进行临床资料分析，观察HE及免疫组化、PAS染色。结果:小汗腺汗孔瘤多见于四肢末端，表现多样，16例患者临床均误诊，镜下见肿瘤由增生一致的基底细胞样立方形细胞构成，界限清，从表皮下层向下延伸至真皮内，可见有单层细胞覆盖的有嗜酸性护膜的导管分化或正在形成导管的空泡化细胞及少数囊腔和角质小皮，瘤团周围无栅栏状排列，与基底细胞癌、脂溢性角化病及透明细胞汗腺瘤难以鉴别。结论:小汗腺汗孔瘤是一种少见的良性附属器肿瘤，易误诊，确诊必须依靠病理检查，手术单纯切除即可治愈。     

Adaptation of the Herdecke Quality of Life questionnaire towards quality of life of cancer patients

Although instruments for the measurement of quality of life (QoL) do exist for cancer patients, factors like sleepiness or digestion are only marginally addressed. We intended to adapt the Herdecke Quality of Life (HLQ) towards these aspects in a multi-centre cross-sectional validation study. A group of 293 subjects [79% female, age: 55.9 +/- 13.4 years; 146 cancer patients, 28 patients with rheumatic diseases and a healthy control group (n = 119)]. Structural relations between the items were detected by factor and reliability analyses. For external validation, correlations with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), self-regulation score (SRS) and the Marburger short questionnaire on chronotypology (MQC) were performed, and test-retest reliability was calculated. Factor analysis found three sub-scales: physical abilities (PA) (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90), sleep quality (SQ) (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and digestive well-being (DWB) (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). Sleep quality correlated well with HADS-anxiety (r =-0.52), PA with HADS-depression (r =-0.49). We found moderate correlations of PA and SQ with SRS, while the HLQ scales did not correlate with the MQC. Analysis of test-retest reliability resulted in values of r = 0.757 for PA, r = 0.715 for SQ and r = 0.603 for DWB. The HLQ-cancer suits to measure unique features of cancer-related QoL aspects. In future studies it has to be tested in larger samples of cancer patients.     

碘油乳剂的制作及其对肝脏增强的实验研究

目的将40％碘油乳化成40％碘油乳剂，对其物理性质进行测定和观察，然后探讨其对动物肝脏的增强效应。材料和方法40％碘油10ml、蒸馏水15ml、两种适量的乳化剂及其他物质混合后形成初乳，应用乳均机和超声乳化机将初乳乳化成40％碘油乳剂。11只杂种犬，在不同时期静脉、肝动脉、肠系膜上动脉分别注射稀释为15％碘油乳剂及60％泛影葡胺，然后在不同时期行CT扫描。结果乳剂颗粒平均直径0．63u，95％在1.0u以下，最大不超过5．2u，放置12个月颗粒大小分布不变。静脉乳剂肝脏增强最大平均CT值为75HU，泛影葡胺为21．8HU（P＜0.01）；肝动脉乳剂最大平均CT值为120．5HU，泛影葡胺为50．7HU（P＜0．01）；间接门脉乳剂最大平均CT值为117．8HU，泛影葡胺为41．6HU（P＜0．01）。结论我们制作的碘油乳剂颗粒小、稳定性好、毒性低、显影力强。