同时性食管及贲门双原发癌的诊断和外科治疗

目的：探讨食管贲门双原发癌的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法：对21例食管贲门双原发癌病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：21例中1例失访。随访1年生存率70．0％（14／20）;3年生存率47．1％（8／17）;5年生存率16．7％（2／12）。结论：及时发现食管贲门双原发癌、扩大切除范围可有效提高患者生存时间。     

同一个体食管贲门双原发癌组织Survivin和E-cadherin的蛋白表达

目的:探讨同一个体食管贲门双原发癌组织中Survivin和E-cadherin蛋白变化特征及其意义.方法:采用组织病理学方法和免疫组化ABC法,分析15例食管贲门双原发癌患者食管鳞癌(SCC)和贲门腺癌(GCA)组织Survivin和E-cadherin蛋白的表达状况.结果:15例食管贲门双原发癌患者SCC和GCA组织均出现不同程度的Survivin蛋白的阳性表达和E-cadherin蛋白的异常表达,Survivin在SCC组织中免疫阳性率为71%(10/14),在GCA组织中为33%(5/15);E-cadherin在SCC组织中免疫异常表达率为93%(13/14),在GCA组织中为93%(14/15).Survivin蛋白在食管贲门双原发癌SCC和GCA组织中一致性表达率为58%(8/14);E-cadherin蛋白一致性表达率为86%(12/14).结论:食管癌和贲门癌可能具有相似的发病因素和分子机制.     

外科治疗食管,贲门区多原发癌33例分析

本文报告外科治疗食管、贲门区多原发癌33例,占同期外科治疗食管癌和贲门癌的1.1％(33/3001)。男女之比为4.5:1,术前诊断率27％,术后1、3及5年生存率为68％、25％及16.7％。并对食管、贲门区多原发癌的发病率、术前误诊原因、诊断和治疗方法进行讨论。     

食管多原发癌和食管贲门双原发癌

食管多原发癌和食管贲门双原发癌较少见,国内文献记载其发生率仅在0.8％～2.4％。我院自1972年1月至1992年12月切除食管贲门癌710例,其中食管多原发癌和食管贲门双原发癌13例,现报告如下。     

11例食管、肺双原发癌手术疗效分析

[目的]探讨肺、食管双原发癌的手术治疗效果。[方法]对11例经手术、病理和免疫组化证实的肺和食管或肺和贲门双原发癌病例进行回顾性分析。[结果]全组无围手术期死亡。全组病例1年生存率100．0％,3年生存率60．0％,5年生存率33.3％。[结论]对术前临床考虑肺、食管均为原发性癌患者,在排除其他脏器远处转移的条件下,应积极行根治性手术治疗,以提高生存率。     

食管癌同期并发食管胃贲门双原发癌的诊断和治疗

本文报告1984年4月至1995年11月手术治疗食管癌或贲门癌1259例,经病理证实食管癌同期并发食管胃贲门原发癌22例,发生率占1.75％(22/1259)。癌分布以食管--食管5例,食管--贲门9例,食管--胃8例。本文结合文献对食管胃贲门双原发癌的发病率,诊断标准,诊断方法,病因学及治疗进行了讨论,作者认为,由于术前漏诊率高,应提高对该病的警惕,术中常规探查食管胃,并尽可能一次手术切除。     

叶酸干预对食管贲门癌前病变影响的初步研究

目的:探讨叶酸对食管/贲门各级癌前病变的影响.方法:对河南省林州市食管癌(EC)高发区普查发现的384例食管/贲门正常及各级癌前病变居民进行为期1年的叶酸和安慰剂双盲对照研究,最终58位参与者(叶酸组30位,对照组28位)符合分析条件.结果:膳食补充药剂后叶酸组食管各级癌前病变好转率为50%(15/30),低于对照组的64%(18/28);无变化率为40%(12/30),高于对照组的21%(6/28);而恶化率为10%(3/30),低于对照组的14%(4/28),X2=2.349,P>0.05.叶酸组贲门各级癌前病变好转率为20%(6/30),低于对照组的17%(5/28),无变化率为23%(7/30),低于对照组的50%(14/28);而恶化率为17%(5/30),低于对照组的21%(6/28),X2=4.376,P>0.05.结论:未观察到叶酸干预对食管/贲门各级癌前病变有明显影响,尚需进一步扩大样本量验证.     

上消化道双原发癌14例内窥镜及临床分析

目的 探讨上消化道双原发癌的内窥镜及临床特点,旨在提高对上消化道双原发癌的认识.方法 回顾性分析14例上消化道双原发癌的内窥镜及临床资料.结果 14例上消化道双原发癌临床表现多为咽部不适、进行性吞咽梗阻和上腹不适;癌灶位于食管中段8处、下段14处、贲门1处、胃底、胃体1处及胃窦4处,而癌灶内窥镜表现多样.结论 食管中、下段和胃窦为上消化道双原发癌好发部位,癌灶表现多样化,内窥镜检查须注意观察.     

上消化道双原发癌14例内窥镜及临床分析

目的 探讨上消化道双原发癌的内窥镜及临床特点,旨在提高对上消化道双原发癌的认识.方法 回顾性分析14例上消化道双原发癌的内窥镜及临床资料.结果 14例上消化道双原发癌临床表现多为咽部不适、进行性吞咽梗阻和上腹不适;癌灶位于食管中段8处、下段14处、贲门1处、胃底、胃体1处及胃窦4处,而癌灶内窥镜表现多样.结论 食管中、下段和胃窦为上消化道双原发癌好发部位,癌灶表现多样化,内窥镜检查须注意观察.     

食管及贲门双原发癌（附19例报告）

食管及贲门双原发癌（附１９例报告）安阳市人民医院刘献武，陈景禹，杨明生，王俊生，王永平５４８５４部队医院向长林，王永胜１９８５年２月至１９９２年１２月我们收治的８５２例食管、贲门癌中遇到了１９例双原发癌，其中食管双原发癌１２例，食管责门癌７例。经手术...     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Salivary and serum proteomics in head and neck carcinomas: before and after surgery and radiotherapy

Several body fluids have been evaluated as new sources for cancer biomarker discovery. In this context, salivary and serum proteomics seem promising diagnostic and predictive tools for head and neck diseases. In the present study, we performed a proteomic analysis of saliva and serum from patients presenting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compared the results before and after therapy. In saliva of cancer patients, we observed an altered protein profile, including over-expression of PLUNC and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein. Both proteins may contribute to control tumor growth and, therefore, represent targets for new analysis. We also detected serotransferrin and a modified transthyretin form with altered levels in serum from patients. Comparing preoperative and postreatment samples, the results showed that the protein profile after treatment reverted to a pattern closer to those observed for controls. These results add information on the role of secreted proteins in the cancer process and emphasize the potential of saliva and serum analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of HNSCC.     

Proliferation and apoptosis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome

Clonal expansion of leukemic cells is thought to be due to proliferation in excess of apoptosis. To define and compare proliferation and apoptosis between various leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation as surrogate markers for proliferation and caspase 3 activity and annexin V surface binding as surrogate markers for activation of the apoptotic cascade in patients with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found high proliferation in bone marrow cells from MDS and CMML as measured by PCNA and BrdU incorporation. The lowest level of proliferation was found in CLL. Apoptosis was also highest in MDS and CMML as measured by annexin V and caspase 3 activity. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in proliferation in bone marrow CD34+ cells from various leukemias or MDS. Apoptosis was significantly higher in bone marrow CD34+ cells from MDS and CML in chronic phase as compared to CD34+ cells from AML patients. Our results illustrate differences in proliferation and apoptosis between acute and chronic leukemias and MDS. These differences may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.     

Occupational and environmental radiation and cancer

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between occupational and environmental radiation and cancer is reviewed. Studies of pioneering radiation workers, underground miners, and radium dial painters revealed excess cancer deaths and contributed to the setting of radiation protection standards and to theories of carcinogenesis. Occupational exposures today are generally much lower than in the past, thus any associated increases in cancer will be difficult to detect. Pooling investigations of these more recently exposed workers, however, has the potential to validate current estimates of risk used in radiation protection. New information on the effects of chronic radiation exposure also may come from studies in the former Soviet Union of Chernobyl clean-up workers and of workers at the Mayak nuclear facilities. Studies of environmental radiation exposures, other than radon, are largely inconclusive, due mainly to the difficulties in detecting the low risks associated with low dose exposures. Thyroid cancer, however, has been linked to environmental radiation from the Chernobyl accident and from nuclear weapons tests. Low-level radiation released during normal operations at nuclear plants has not been found to increase cancer rates in surrounding populations. Radon, a human carcinogen, is the most ubiquitous exposure to human populations; remediating high residential-radon levels is recommended, recognizing that the exposure can never be removed completely because it occurs naturally.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.