干酪样坏死性附睾结核声像图特征分析

目的:总结干酪样坏死性附睾结核高频彩色多普勒声像图特征,提高其超声诊断准确率。方法:对12例经手术及病理证实的干酪样坏死性附睾结核高频彩色多普勒检查结果及临床资料进行回顾性分析,同时与28例附睾炎资料对比并进行文献复习。结果:①12例患者结核菌素(PPD)试验阳性67%,患肺结核42%。②干酪样坏死性附睾结核高频声像图特征:附睾局部或全部肿大,外形失常,病变处呈不规则、不均质中等偏强或低回声,兼有局限性较小的不规则、均质低或无回声区,边界不清;高频彩色多普勒能量图:部分患者(33%)病灶见丰富或较丰富以动脉为主的动、静脉血流信号。③继发改变:干酪样坏死性附睾结核者患侧睾丸肿大,内回声增强,可有睾丸鞘膜积液,无阴囊壁增厚及腹股沟淋巴结肿大,不伴有精索静脉曲张。结论:干酪样坏死性附睾结核高频彩色多普勒声像图具有一定特征,超声对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要临床意义。     

高频彩色多普勒超声在诊断多睾症中的应用价值

目的:探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在多睾症诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析我院超声诊断6例(其中5例经病理证实)多睾症患者,分析其声像图表现及临床情况。结果:6例多睾症患者均为三睾,其中4例多睾位于阴囊内,2例位于腹股沟并伴同侧斜疝。3例多睾症多余睾丸与附睾相连,1例多睾伴有附睾及输精管重复,2例无附睾及输精管与之相连。彩色多普勒血流显像:4例内部可见血流信号,2例多余睾丸内无血流信号显示。结论:多睾症有典型的声像图特征,高频彩色多普勒超声在其诊断中有重要意义。     

分析小儿急性睾丸附件扭转的超声表现和诊断价值

目的观察小儿急性睾丸附件扭转疾病的超声表现,并分析其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析医院2017年2月～2019年8月接收的有类似急性睾丸附件扭转表现小儿的病例资料,共纳入161例。纳入者均实施彩色多普勒超声检查,均有"金标准"结果。统计超声表现及超声检查结果。结果本组纳入者中共有88例小儿急性睾丸附件扭转,45例急性附睾炎,28例急性睾丸扭转,超声诊断与"金标准"的符合率分别为97.73%、97.78%、96.43%。超声诊断小儿急性睾丸附件扭转的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.73%、97.26%、97.52%、97.73%、97.26%。急性睾丸附件扭转的主要超声表现:睾丸上极与附睾头之间或睾丸周围不均匀高回声结节,睾丸附睾增大,部分睾丸鞘膜腔内可有液性暗区,阴囊壁呈局限性增厚;彩色多普勒血流图(CDFI)显示高回声结节内无明显血流信号,增大的睾丸附睾内血流信号增多、血流阻力下降、流速加快。结论小儿急性睾丸附件扭转的超声检查有特征性表现,可准确鉴别诊断。     

长期输精管结扎术后附睾的超声表现

目的:探讨长期输精管结扎术后附睾的超声表现。方法:选择输精管结扎术后10～31年且有临床症状的患者64例(结扎组)。同时选择同期被临床诊断为附睾疾病而无结扎史的患者60例作为对照组。用高频超声观察附睾头、体、尾部的形态,厚度及内部回声;用彩色多普勒血流图或能量图观察附睾的血流状况。结果:结扎组附睾体部增厚、尾部增厚、头体尾均增厚及附睾管扩张的发生率分别为64.1%、78.1%、42.2%、54.7%,均显著高于对照组的15.0%、51.7%、8.3%、8.3%(P<0.01),而结扎组附睾的高血供发生率15.6%显著低于对照组的61.7%(P<0.01)。结论:长期输精管结扎术后附睾的主要超声表现是附睾增厚、附睾管扩张,但附睾血流多为无血供或低血供状况。     

阴囊急症93例诊断分析

目的 总结阴囊急症患者的临床特点及超声图像特征,提高早期诊断及鉴别诊断的准确率.方法 首先观察93例阴囊急症患者的临床表现及体征;其中78例患者先用二维超声检测睾丸、附睾的位置、大小、形态及回声强弱,再用彩色多普勒观察睾丸、附睾的血供情况,并与临床、手术及病理结果进行对照.结果 93例阴囊急症患者具有相似的临床表现和体征.78例患者经二维超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,28例病侧睾丸血流消失或减少,睾丸内血流阻力指数增高,超声诊断睾丸扭转,与手术病理结果相符.结论 阴囊急症患者的临床表现多样性,易误诊.二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声在阴囊急症患者的诊断中具有较强的敏感性和特异性,是目前鉴别睾丸扭转与急性睾丸附睾炎的首选方法.     

高频彩色多普勒超声对小儿原发性及继发性肠套叠的诊断价值分析

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿原发性或继发性肠套叠的价值。方法收集2015年7月至2017年12月我院确诊的50例原发性或继发性肠套叠患儿临床资料,回顾性分析本组患儿高频彩色多普勒超声资料,分析超声诊断准确率、肠套叠典型超声声像表现及超声检查中肠壁血运情况中的表现。结果本组50例经高频彩色多普勒超声诊断肠套叠的准确率为100.00%。合并肠息肉者2例、合并肠憩室2例、合并肠重复1例、合并淋巴瘤1例;最终复位成功41例,诊断为肠坏死3例。本组患儿可见典型"同心圆"征或"假肾"征,45例患儿病灶位于腹部右侧。肠管壁血流信号无显著变化者12例、血流信号表现增多者34例;经高频彩色多普勒血流显像、能量图显示存在明显血流信号,其中绝大多数表现"棒状"、"条状"等信号,有3例在两种方式中均未见明显血流信号,未能检测出频谱。结论高频彩色多普勒超声结果对于原发性或继发性小儿肠套叠的临床诊断具有良好的参考价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 :应用彩色多普勒超声鉴别精索扭转和急性睾丸炎。　方法 :回顾性分析 13例急性睾丸疼痛病人的彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)表现和治疗情况。　结果 :8例显示睾丸内血流信号稀疏或消失 ,诊断为精索扭转 ,其中 1例手法复位成功 ,7例手术探查并得以证实。其余 5例显示患侧睾丸血流信号丰富 ,诊断为急性睾丸炎或睾丸附睾炎 ,经抗生素治疗后症状好转 ,超声复查显示血流减少。　结论 :CDFI在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要意义 ,可作为急性睾丸疼痛病人的首选检查方法     

彩超诊断附睾腺瘤样瘤2例报告并文献复习

目的提高临床医生对超声诊断附睾腺瘤样瘤的认识。方法报告2例彩超诊断附睾腺瘤样瘤的患者,并结合文献复习其解剖、临床、病理和超声特征。首先2例患者术前使用二维超声观察记录肿块大小、形态、部位、边界、内部回声,并用彩色多普勒(CDFI)检查,记录其彩色血流信号分布,将取样容积置于血流信号最丰富处,获取频谱,使声束和血流的夹角<60°,测定收缩期血流速度、阻力指数等参数。后经手术顺利切除附睾肿瘤。结果2例附睾肿块均呈等回声、边界规则的肿块,内部回声均匀。1例位于右附睾头的肿块,内部未探及明显彩色血流信号;1例位于左附睾头的肿块,内部探及少量彩色血流信号,最大流速16cm/s,RI:0.62。术后病理诊断为附睾腺瘤样瘤。结论附睾腺瘤样瘤临床少见,超声检查可在附睾头或尾部见到等回声,形态规则,边界清晰完整,内部回声均匀,CDFI示无或有少量彩色血流信号的肿块,腺瘤样瘤可能性大。     

高频彩超对小儿阴囊急症的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的:分析小儿阴囊急症的高频超声图像特征,探讨高频彩超对小儿阴囊急症的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾分析我院2014年1月至2016年1月因阴囊急症而行彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检查的256例患儿(起病时间2 h至3 d,年龄2 d至14岁)睾丸的形态、结构、内部回声及血供情况,并与临床手术及病理结果进行对照分析比较。结果:256例阴囊急症患儿中急性睾丸扭转23例,其中16例患儿行坏死睾丸切除术,有12例行对侧睾丸固定术;7例患儿行扭转睾丸复位,予保留并行睾丸固定术。超声特征:患儿患侧睾丸不同程度增大或缩小,内部回声不均匀,可见不规则片状低回声,可伴有睾丸鞘膜积液。CDFI:患侧睾丸内无明显血流信号,周围血流信号丰富。急性睾丸附件扭转116例,超声特征:睾丸上极上方或睾丸上极与附睾头间类圆形或椭圆形异常回声结节,早期为低回声,后逐渐增高,内部回声不均匀,呈"网格样"。附睾增大,可伴有患侧睾丸增大、阴囊壁增厚。CDFI:增大附睾或睾丸血流丰富,结节内未见血流信号。急性附睾炎103例,超声特征:患儿患侧附睾明显不同程度肿大,内部回声不均匀,CDFI:患侧附睾内血流信号丰富。急性睾丸炎6例,超声特征:患侧睾丸肿大,内部回声呈低回声,回声尚均匀。CDFI:患侧睾丸内部血流丰富。腹股沟嵌顿疝15例,超声特征:可见疝囊突入阴囊,阴囊明显增大,其内可见肠系膜及肠管。CDFI:可见血流信号。急性阴囊壁血肿及水肿8例。超声特征:阴囊壁均匀或不均匀增厚。CDFI;阴囊壁可见血流信号。结论:高频彩超对小儿阴囊急症具有较高敏感性及特异性,可为临床医生诊断及鉴别诊断提供可靠的诊断依据,是临床首选的影像学检查方法。     

高频彩色多普勒超声对睾丸扭转的诊断价值

目的 探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对睾丸扭转的诊断价值.方法 对经手术证实的32例睾丸扭转患者的超声诊断结果及其彩色多普勒声像图特点进行回顾性分析.结果 超声首诊符合31例,诊断符合率96.88%.二维超声和彩色多普勒血流成像相结合,有助于对睾丸扭转的正确诊断.结论 高频彩色多普勒超声对睾丸扭转的诊断具有重要价值.     

多普勒超声在全训部队人员阴囊疾病诊断中的应用

目的探讨多普勒超声在全训部队人员阴囊疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾分析450例阴囊超声检查阳性的全训部队患者(Ⅰ组)的资料,对担负高原运输任务的152名驾驶员(Ⅱ组)进行阴囊多普勒超声检测,并与150名无临床症状的地方男性青年(Ⅲ组)相对比。结果 I组中附睾炎及附睾睾丸炎占43.33%(195/450),精索静脉曲张占22.44%(101/450);Ⅱ组亚临床型精索静脉曲张和睾丸微石症(TM)发生率高于Ⅲ组(P0.001);Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组睾丸及附睾内动脉血流参数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声是诊断全训部队人员阴囊疾病的首选检查方法。     

Clinical implications of power Doppler three-dimensional ultrasonography

Power Doppler ultrasonography displays an estimate of the entire power contained in that part of the received radiofrequency ultrasound signal for which a phase shift corresponding to the motion of the target is detected. In contrast, conventional color Doppler imaging displays Doppler frequency shift information. Few reports have been published on the clinical utility of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in vascular patients. This study analyzed our experience of the clinical utility of this technology. Fifty-three patients selected out of 281 who were referred to our vascular laboratory underwent both conventional color duplex ultrasonography and power Doppler ultrasonography for the following indications: the question of subtotal versus total arterial occlusion, tortuous artery with limited imaging on color duplex ultrasonography, the presence of significant disease by Doppler ultrasonography with limited imaging, deep-lying arteries with an obscure orifice (e.g., renal artery), and heavily calcified arteries. The power Doppler ultrasonography portion of the examination was considered of positive diagnostic value if the final impression was different from that of conventional color duplex ultrasonography. A positive diagnostic value was achieved in 22 of 29 (76%) carotid artery examinations, 10 of 14 (71%) peripheral artery examinations, 4 of 5 (80%) renal artery examinations, and 3 of 5 (60%) aortoiliac examinations. Overall, positive diagnostic value was achieved by adding power Doppler ultrasonography in 39 of 53 patients (74%). Five of six patients (83%) who were felt to have carotid occlusion by color duplex ultrasonography were confirmed to have subtotal occlusion by power Doppler ultrasonography. Similarly, 6 of 8 patients (75%) with questionable subtotal versus total peripheral arterial occlusion by color duplex ultrasonography were confirmed to have subtotal occlusion by power Doppler ultrasonography. Four of five patients' (80%) renal examinations had a positive diagnostic value, which included three patients in whom the orifice of renal arteries was not seen by color duplex ultrasonography. Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography can be more readily applied to clinical practice. Power Doppler ultrasonography is capable of defining the severity or extent of vascular disease, particularly in differentiating subtotal from total arterial occlusion.     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断特殊位置异位妊娠囊

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声诊断特殊位置的异位妊娠囊的价值。方法对31例异位妊娠患者,在超声显像妊娠囊后,对5个位于特殊位置（下腹部外侧或脐腹壁后方、距盆腔内子宫较远而位置较浅表）的妊娠囊进行高频彩色多普勒超声显像。结果对特殊位置妊娠囊,应用高频彩色多普勒显像良好,囊结构回声清楚,环状厚壁或一侧厚壁回声,与低频超声对比能较早期观察到胎心搏动。结论高频彩色多普勒超声对诊断特殊位置的异位妊娠囊有较好的临床意义。     

Recurrent epididymitis in a child without genitourinary malformations: a case report

The patient was a 12-year-old boy, who was brought to our hospital with a chief complaint of swelling and pain in the right scrotum. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed blood flow in the right testis and increased blood flow at the right epididymis. Our diagnosis was right epididymitis, and the swelling of the scrotum was improved by antibiotics. Since there was recurrence, right epididymectomy was performed. Histological diagnosis was chronic epididymitis. Postoperative, screening for abnormalities in the urinary tract revealed no malformations. Recurrent epididymitis in a child without genitourinary malformations is a very rare pathology.     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的高频彩色多普勒超声诊断与病理对照分析

目的:探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤二维及彩色多普勒超声检查的临床意义。方法:对乳头溢液患者进行二维及彩色多普勒超声检查,分析导管内乳头状瘤超声诊断的特点。结果:87例病理证实的导管内乳头状瘤患者的112个病灶中,彩色多普勒超声检查共发现86个(76.8%)病灶,其中53个(62%)位于乳头旁及乳晕区的大导管内,33个(38%)位于中小导管;单发病灶61例,多发病灶12例,其中11例为2个病灶,1例为3个病灶,14例未发现病灶。彩色多普勒超声检出血流信号9个,频谱多普勒测及动脉频谱2个,测及静脉频谱7个。结论:二维及彩色多普勒超声检查可以对乳腺导管内乳头状瘤作出较明确的诊断和定位,是乳头溢液患者病因诊断的有效手段。     

Color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the acute scrotum

PURPOSE: To determine the value of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) in the diagnosis of acute scrotum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 patients referred to our hospital with acute scrotal pain were included in this study. All patients were evaluated with CDUS after the initial clinical examinations. Blood flow of the involved testis was compared semiquantitatively to that of the opposite testis. Patients with a diagnosis of testicular torsion by CDUS underwent surgical exploration. Patients with CDUS diagnosis of epididymitis were treated with intravenous antibiotics. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients evaluated, CDUS diagnosed 5 patients with testicular torsion and 5 patients with epididymitis. All cases of torsion were confirmed intraoperatively. 2 cases with no intratesticular blood flow on CDUS had necrotic testes and underwent orchiectomy with orchiopexy of the contralateral testes. A case with absent flow and 2 cases with decreased flow had bilateral orchiopexy. CDUS findings of normal or increased flow were present in all patients with epididymitis. No cases of testicular atrophy were encountered on long-term follow up in patients with epididymitis. CONCLUSION: CDUS is helpful in detecting the perfusion of the testis as well as in getting anatomical information. CDUS is a very useful device which causes a minimal burden to the patient with acute scrotum. In most cases it will rapidly provides us the correct information although it may not be regarded as the definitive adjunct.     

Efficacy of contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography for the diagnosis of renal mass lesions]

We evaluated the efficacy of contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography with a galactose-based echo contrast agent, Levovist, for the diagnosis of renal mass lesions. The final pathologic diagnosis of eight renal mass lesions was renal cell carcinoma in 6 patients, transitional cell carcinoma in 1 patient and renal cyst in 1 patient (age range, 47 to 77 years; mean, 59.1). Especially in patients with renal cell carcinoma, contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography showed enhancement of mass lesion blood flow signal intensities. In all patients, contrast enhancement was demonstrated. Diagnostic capacity was improved in all patients, excluding 2 in whom mass lesion blood flow was detected by plain color Doppler ultrasonography. Furthermore, in patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the hemodynamics of mass lesions could be visualized, and diagnostic capacity was high. Contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography with Levovist, showed markedly higher mass lesion blood flow than that obtained by the plain color Doppler procedure, improving diagnostic capacity. This procedure was useful for diagnosing renal mass lesions.     

高频彩色多普勒超声在老年腹股沟斜疝、直疝及股疝中的诊断与鉴别

目的分析高频彩色多普勒超声在老年腹股沟斜疝、直疝及股疝中的应用价值。 方法将2019年11月至2021年11月在庐江县人民医院收治的140例诊断为腹股沟疝的老年患者为研究对象,分析患者临床资料。全部患者均接受高频彩色多普勒超声检查,经手术探查,分析斜疝、直疝及股疝的不同超声影像表现,对比分析超声检出率与准确率。 结果高频彩色多普勒超声检查,直疝所占比例为15.94%;其中斜疝所占比率最多为78.26%,股疝所占比率为5.80%。所有患者经手术验证：腹股沟直疝的准确率为100%;腹股沟斜疝中,易复性疝准确率为97.78%,难复性疝为100%,嵌顿性疝为100%,绞窄性疝为100%,股疝为100.00%。所有病例超声检测准确率为98.57%。 结论高频彩色多普勒超声在老年腹股沟斜疝、直疝及股疝中的诊断价值较高,能有效对腹外疝的分型做出准确判断,值得临床推广。