股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折的治疗

[目的]探讨股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折的有效治疗方法。[方法]采用切开复位骨折内固定病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折46例。[结果]随访1～5年,平均2.6年。术后复查X线片示:45例患者骨愈合时间6～18个月,平均13个月,骨折愈合无复发。1例骨折愈合后21个月复发,二期病灶刮除植骨,术后随访4年愈合良好未复发。[结论]应用切开复位骨折内固定病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折效果满意,并发症少。     

颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损

目的 :评价颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损的临床可行性。方法 :2013年1月至2016年1月治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损26例,均未发生病理性骨折,男12例,女14例;年龄8~62岁,平均34.2岁。病理结果:纤维结构不良11例,骨孤立性骨囊肿7例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿3例,非骨化性纤维瘤1例,良性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。术前未进行病灶活组织检查,术后送慢病理,手术采取颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定。结果:26例均随访至恢复日常生活,随访时间8~42个月,平均25个月。参照骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)进行功能评估。术后末次复查股骨正侧位X线片,植骨边缘及植骨体部未见低密度影,植骨区骨愈合良好,所有患者未见复发及转移病灶,内固定物无松动、变形。髋关节功能恢复良好,所有患者无再骨折和畸形进展。结论:股骨近端肿瘤复发与病灶刮除植骨技术有关,刮除后采用化学、物理方法处理消灭残留的肿瘤细胞,利用此方法可以获得疾病的长期治愈,减少复发,恢复髋关节功能。     

经Watson-Jones入路股骨近端防旋髓内钉联合病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端良性病变

目的探讨经Watson-Jones入路股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)联合病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端良性肿瘤和瘤样病变的可行性,评估治疗效果。方法回顾分析2008年1月—2015年1月采用经Watson-Jones入路PFNA联合病灶刮除植骨治疗的38例股骨近端良性病变患者临床资料。其中男24例,女14例;年龄15～57岁,平均28岁。病理类型:纤维结构不良20例,骨囊肿7例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿5例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,内生软骨瘤2例,非骨化性纤维瘤1例。临床表现:髋关节疼痛19例,病理性骨折12例,肢体短缩、髋关节内翻畸形4例,出现原有病灶复发3例。记录手术时间、术中出血量以及术后完全负重时间。随访摄X线片及三维CT,了解植骨融合情况及内固定物位置,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价疼痛程度,国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS93)评分标准评估下肢功能,Harris评分评估髋关节功能。结果手术时间为130～280 min,平均182 min;术中出血量为300～1 500 mL,平均764 mL。术后3例出现切口脂肪液化,均经正规换药顺利愈合,未造成深部感染;其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有患者均于术后2～4周开始部分负重,完全负重时间为3～6个月,平均4.2个月。38例均获随访,随访时间24～108个月,中位随访时间60个月。影像学检查提示植骨均融合,融合时间为8～18个月,平均11.4个月。随访期间无病理性骨折、股骨头缺血性坏死、关节脱位、内固定物松动断裂等并发症发生,无肿瘤复发和远处转移。末次随访时,VAS评分、MSTS93评分和Harris评分均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经Watson-Jones入路刮除植骨后联合PFNA内固定治疗股骨近端良性病变,能够在彻底清除病灶的同时获良好力学稳定性,且术后并发症少,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

股骨近端良性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 通过对股骨近端良性肿瘤病例进行回顾性研究,总结肿瘤学和功能学结果,探讨其外科治疗方法及效果.方法 1998年5月-2006年6月我中心手术治疗股骨近端良性病变共88例,男性54例,女性34例,平均年龄28岁.疾病种类主要包括纤维异样增殖症、骨囊肿和骨巨细胞瘤.手术方式:3例仅接受活检,17例行肿瘤病灶外整块切除,68例行病灶内刮除;其中54例进行了内固定,12例接受人工关节假体置换.结果 平均随访58个月,9例囊内刮除病例(9/85,11.7%)出现局部复发,包括6例纤维异样增殖症,1例骨囊肿,1例动脉瘤样骨囊肿,1例骨巨细胞瘤;其中1例人工假体置换病例出现了深部感染,3例单纯病灶刮除、未行内固定患者出现术后骨折.术后MSTS93评分平均27.3分.结论 对股骨近端良性肿瘤进行适当的刮除植骨内固定通常可以达到较低的复发率和较好的功能.人工关节置换可用于侵袭性或反复复发病例.     

带血供腓骨移植重建股骨近端溶骨性病变致骨缺损

[目的]评价带血供游离腓骨移植重建股骨近端侵袭性良性溶骨性病变所致骨缺损的临床疗效。[方法]总结自2008年4月~2013年3月收治股骨近端良性侵袭性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变共14例,采用病灶内扩大刮除、氯化锌烧灼瘤壁,吻合血管腓骨移植,支持钢板内固定等方法手术治疗,影像学随访评价病变转归、植骨愈合;采用改良肌肉骨髂系统肿瘤学会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,MSTS)肢体功能评价表随访肿瘤切除术后患者肢体功能。[结果]随访18~67个月,平均(35.71±15.80)个月。其中1例骨巨细胞瘤患者于术后12个月复发。其余13例患者随访期间均未见病变复发表现,钢板固定无松动、断裂,无术后病理性骨折,未见股骨头缺血性坏死等其他并发症。移植腓骨无缺血坏死表现、与受区2~7个月骨性愈合,平均愈合时间(4.54±1.27)个月。术后3、6个月MSTS功能评分依次为(25.57±4.27),(27.07±6.53)分。[结论]病灶刮除,氯化锌烧灼瘤壁,吻合血管腓骨移植填充重建,结合支持钢板内固定是股骨近端侵袭性良性肿瘤及瘤样病变的有效外科治疗方法。中期随访表现为病变复发率低,破坏骨结构得以重建,髋关节功能良好。     

股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折42例

目的:探讨股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.方法:对42例股骨粗隆间骨折患者,采用股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗.结果:随访6~24个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间为4~6个月.疗效按Harris髋关节功能评分,优20例,良19例,优良率93%.结论:股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板适合于各种类型的股骨粗隆间骨折,临床效果满意.     

股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折42例

目的:探讨股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法:对42例股骨粗隆间骨折患者,采用股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗。结果:随访6~24个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间为4~6个月。疗效按Harris髋关节功能评分,优20例,良19例,优良率93%。结论:股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板适合于各种类型的股骨粗隆间骨折,临床效果满意。     

青少年股骨近端大范围骨肿瘤样病变的手术治疗

目的：总结病灶次全切除或刮除混合骨移植内固定治疗青少年股骨近端大范围肿瘤样病变的近期疗效。方法：采用肿瘤次全切除或开窗病灶刮除自体髂骨和同种异体混合骨移植治疗29例青少年股骨大范围肿瘤样病变患者,其中骨纤维异样增殖症19例,骨囊肿10例。结果：术后随访1—5年,平均2年3个月,所有患者植骨愈合,1例骨纤维异样增殖症局限性复发,患肢功能均恢复正常,无感染和排斥反应发生,无内固定失败病例。结论：病灶次全切除或者开窗病灶刮除,采用自体和同种异体骨混合骨移植,同时给予坚强内固定治疗青少年股骨近端大范围肿瘤样病变,方法简单,骨量不受限制,关节功能恢复快且完全,复发率低。尽量彻底切除病灶、足量混合植骨、稳定固定和早期功能锻炼是促进骨愈合防止复发的关键。     

原发性股骨近端溶骨性骨缺失的修复重建

目的总结和分析股骨近端原发性溶骨性骨缺损的手术修复方法。方法自1997～2003年我科共收治股骨近端原发性溶骨性骨缺损36例。根据肿瘤的性质及大小分别采用病灶刮除 自体(异体)皮松质骨植入8例；病灶刮除 自体(异体)皮松质骨 自体缝匠肌髂骨瓣复合植入 内固定术22例；病灶刮除 骨水泥填充 内固定5例；瘤段切除 人工双动股骨头置换1例。结果术后随访12～54个月，平均24个月，仅1例骨巨细胞瘤复发，关节功能评分33例优，3例良。结论根据肿瘤的性质和股骨近端骨缺损大小采取不同手术方式进行了病灶清除及功能重建，是一套有效的重建股骨近端骨缺损的方案。     

经Watson-Jones入路动力髋螺钉内固定联合病灶刮除治疗股骨近端良性病变

目的探讨经Watson-Jones入路采用动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)内固定联合病灶扩大刮除治疗股骨近端良性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的疗效。方法 2012年3月—2016年12月,采用经Watson-Jones入路DHS内固定联合病灶扩大刮除治疗股骨近端良性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变患者20例(21处)。其中男13例,女7例;年龄11~51岁,平均27.8岁。病变累及单侧股骨19例,双侧1例。病理类型:纤维结构不良11例,骨囊肿2例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例,良性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,骨巨细胞瘤2例,软骨母细胞瘤1例。Enneking外科分期:除3例病理性骨折为S2期外,其余均为S1期。术前均无股骨近端内、外翻畸形。记录手术时间、术中出血量以及患者术后完全负重时间。随访摄X线片及CT,了解植骨及DHS情况;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价疼痛缓解情况,国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)评分标准评估下肢功能。结果手术时间110~265 min,平均177.1 min;术中出血量200~2 300 mL,平均828.6 mL。术后发生切口浅表感染1例,深部感染1例,存在患髋不适感1例。患者均获随访,随访时间为6~63个月,平均27.4个月。2例骨巨细胞瘤患者术后2 d达完全负重;其余患者术后2~13周完全负重,平均7.2周。末次随访时,VAS评分为(0.19±0.51)分,与术前的(3.52±2.62)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.565,P=0.000)。患者髋关节功能均恢复良好,末次随访时MSTS评分为(29.62±0.97)分,与术前的(23.71±8.77)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=–3.020,P=0.007)。影像学检查示植骨均融合,融合时间为5~12个月,平均8.2个月。术后无病理性骨折、内固定物松动和断裂、股骨头缺血坏死以及关节脱位发生。随访期间无肿瘤复发、转移。结论经Watson-Jones入路充分暴露后行病灶刮除修复病损、DHS内固定治疗股骨近端良性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变安全、有效。     

A biomechanical comparison of proximal femoral nails and locking proximal anatomic femoral plates in femoral fracture fixation: A study on synthetic bones

Background:The incidence of fractures in the trochanteric area has risen with the increasing numbers of elderly people with osteoporosis. Although dynamic hip screw fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of stable intertrochanteric femur fractures, treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures still remains controversial. Intramedullary devices such as Gamma nail or proximal femoral nail and proximal anatomic femur plates are in use for the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures. There are still many investigations to find the optimal implant to treat these fractures with minimum complications. For this reason, we aimed to perform a biomechanical comparison of the proximal femoral nail and the locking proximal anatomic femoral plate in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Result:Nail and plate models were locked distally at the same level. Axial steady load with a 5 mm/m velocity was applied through the mechanical axis of femur bone models. Axial loading in the proximal femoral intramedullary nail group was 1.78-fold greater compared to the plate group. All bones that had the plate applied were fractured in the portion containing the distal locking screw.Conclusion:The proximal femoral intramedullary nail provides more stability and allows for earlier weight bearing than the locking plate when used for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. Clinicians should be cautious for early weight bearing with locking plate for unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures.     

股骨近端解剖型钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端解剖型钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法自2000年1月至2005年1月，采用切开复位，股骨近端解剖型钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折36例，根据术前、术后X线片及术后髋关节功能恢复情况评价内固定效果。结果术后随访6个月～3年，平均18个月，所有病例均在术后3～5．5个月获得骨性愈合，髋关节功能根据Harris评分标准进行评定，优32例，良4例。结论股骨近端解剖型钢板适用于治疗大多数类型的股骨粗隆间骨折，能达到良好的骨折复位和坚强的固定，促进关节早期功能锻炼，骨折愈合率高，是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的理想选择。     

股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的手术治疗

目的:探讨改良Ⅰ期手术治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的方法和疗效。方法 :2010年6月至2015年6月采用改良Ⅰ期清创修复的手术方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连患者10例,其中男9例,女1例;年龄35~77岁。单纯股骨转子间骨折3例,股骨转子间合并股骨近端骨折2例,股骨转子下骨折5例。在彻底清创的基础上以股骨近端LISS钢板重新固定骨折端,用吻合血管游离腓骨移植加混有抗生素人工骨的自体松质骨植骨修复大段骨缺损,术后及早开始不负重关节功能锻炼。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间9~30个月。10例患者骨折均顺利愈合,随访期间无内固定断裂失效及感染复发病例,完全负重时间12~28周。末次随访采用Sanders创伤后髋关节评分标准评估术后髋关节功能:优7例,良2例,差1例。结论:改良Ⅰ期分次清创游离腓骨移植加载抗生素人工骨混合自体骨植骨LISS钢板固定的方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连,骨折愈合率高,髋关节功能恢复满意。在彻底清创的基础上综合运用控制感染与改善骨折愈合条件的各项措施是手术取得成功的关键。     

Restoration of proximal periprosthetic bone loss by denosumab in cementless total hip arthroplasty

Summary

Denosumab contributed to the restoration of proximal periprosthetic bone loss around the femoral stem that were measured using a DEXA, especially in zone 7, at 1 year after cementless THA in elderly osteoporotic patients.

Introduction

Although bone quality is an important issue in elderly osteoporotic patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a cementless stem, periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur has been reported to be decreased by 15–40% postoperatively. Some authors have examined the use of several types of bisphosphonates to prevent decreases in BMD in the proximal femur after cementless THA; however, few reports have demonstrated success in restoring BMD in the proximal medial femoral bone, such as zone 7.

Methods

We conducted prospective study comparing patients who underwent cementless THA administered with denosumab (10 patients) and without denosumab (10 patients). BMD around the femoral stem were measured using a DEXA immediately after surgery, and at 6 months and at 1 year after surgery. No difference was found between the two groups referred to the patient’s demographic data.

Results

We found that denosumab displayed definitive effects in increasing the % change in periprosthetic BMD at zone 7 by an average of 7.3% in patients with cementless THA, compared to control group who were given only vitamin D.

Conclusion

Denosumab is one of a number of anti-osteoporotic agents to have a definitive effect on the restoration of proximal periprosthetic bone loss, especially in zone 7, after cementless THA. Denosumab contributed to the restoration of decreased periprosthetic BMD to normal levels. As the decrease in BMD in the proximal femur after THA is considered to be apparent at 6–12 months after surgery, it is believed that prevention of the deterioration of bone quality is important in the proximal femur immediately after cementless THA for elderly female patients with osteoporosis.

     

Reverse distal femoral locking compression plate a salvage option in nonunion of proximal femoral fractures

Background:When primary fixation of proximal femoral fractures with implants fails, revision osteosynthesis may be challenging. Tracts of previous implants and remaining insufficient bone stock in the proximal femur pose unique problems for the treatment. Intramedullary implants like proximal femoral nail (PFN) or surface implants like Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS) are few of the described implants for revision surgery. There is no evidence in the literature to choose one implant over the other. We used the reverse distal femur locking compression plate (LCP) of the contralateral side in such cases undergoing revision surgery. This implant has multiple options of fixation in proximal femur and its curvature along the length matches the anterior bow of the femur. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this implant in salvage situations.Results:All fractures exhibited union without any complications. Union was assessed clinically and radiologically. One case of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture required bone grafting at the second stage for delayed union of the femoral shaft fracture.Conclusions:Reverse distal femoral LCP of the contralateral side can be used as a salvage option for failed fixation of proximal femoral fractures exhibiting nonunion.     

股骨上段肿瘤切除后人工假体重建的临床研究

目的探讨肿瘤广泛切除后人工假体置换治疗股骨上段恶性肿瘤的疗效,总结并发症发生情况。方法1998年7月至2005年7月,对81例股骨上段骨肿瘤的患者行广泛切除后人工假体置换,肿瘤类型包括股骨近端转移癌30例,股骨近端原发恶性骨肿瘤39例,股骨上段周围原发恶性软组织肿瘤4例,股骨上段纤维异常增殖症3例,其他5例。9例患者使用了灭活肿瘤骨结合人工假体复合重建缺损,5例患者行异体骨人工关节复合体重建,其余67例患者均使用金属假体。术后功能评价采用MSTS93评分。结果30例骨转移癌患者中,因术后均转往相关肿瘤科室行放、化疗,随访率较低,局部复发率不详,但术后短期关节功能良好。76例（93．8％）患者术后半年MSTS93评分平均在25分以上。51例原发肿瘤患者术后随访1．5～7．0年,平均3．5年。1例患者出现髋脱位;2例患者出现假体迟发感染;2例患者出现假体松动;2例患者发生移植物与宿主骨接合处不愈合;2例患者出现髋臼磨损;3例患者出现髋部疼痛,行走困难;1例患者出现假体的下沉。5例患者在术后0．5～2．0年内发生了局部复发。结论股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后应用人工假体重建骨缺损,并发症较少,可以早期进行康复训练,术后髋关节功能良好,可作为股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后的首选重建方法。     

定制人工假体置换治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤

目的评价定制人工假体置换治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤的疗效。方法对股骨近端骨肿瘤30例行瘤段切除、定制人工假体置换治疗。其中21例行加长柄双动性股骨头置换,9例行加长柄全髋置换。术后6个月功能评价采用MSTS 93评分。结果 30例均获随访,时间12～36个月。无感染、假体松动、假体脱位、假体周围骨折等并发症发生。术后6个月MSTS 93评分平均为(26.0±2.14)分;肢体功能:优15例,良12例,中3例,优良率为90%。2例于术后13、15个月死亡。结论定制人工假体置换是治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤的有效方法,术后髋关节功能良好。     

股骨上端骨髓水肿综合征的MRI表现特点

目的：分析股骨上端骨髓水肿综合征的MRI表现特点以提高对该病的认识。方法;回顾性分析10例股骨上端骨髓水肿综合征患者的MRI表现,男6例,女4例;年龄36～57岁,平均41．5岁;病史1周～3个月。临床表现为突然发作的髋部疼痛9例,行走能力及髋关节活动受限7例;全部病例无明显外伤史,女性患者未在孕期。随访3～12个月,症状消失3个月复查MRI后结束随访。结果：MRI主要表现为弥漫性骨髓水肿,累及股骨头、颈、粗隆间,10例13髋中骨髓水肿1级6髋,2级5髋,3级2髋。合并髋关节积液9髋,I级积液6髋,Ⅱ级1髋,III级2髋。治疗3-12个月后患者髋部疼痛症状消失,股骨内MRI信号恢复正常。     

Outcomes of major musculoskeletal oncological reconstructions using prolene mesh-a retrospective analysis from a tertiary referral centre

BackgroundAdequate reconstruction of the soft tissue defect following resection of bone tumors is challenging. Prolene mesh, despite being a useful tool, is not widely used due to the fear of deep infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome and complications of using a Prolene mesh in oncological reconstructions.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in bone tumor patients with soft tissue reconstruction using Prolene mesh between January 2017 and June 2019. Functional evaluation was done using MSTS 93 score. Complications were recorded and were classified as mechanical (dislocation and extension lag) or biological failure (wound problems and deep infection). Comparison was performed between groups with and without biological failure to identify predictive variables.ResultsOf 116 patients, 68 were males and 48 were females, with median age of 22.5 years. Thirty nine patients had tumors of proximal tibia, 23 of proximal femur, 25 of proximal humerus, 24 of pelvis, and five tumors at other sites. Approximately two-thirds (62.9%) of our patients underwent endoprosthetic reconstruction while the rest underwent either biological or cement spacer reconstructions. Excellent or good functional outcomes were reported in 98.3% patients as per MSTS 93 scoring. Complications were noted in 22 patients (18.9%), of which 16 had biological failure, with four patients requiring debridement and mesh removal. Dislocation of prosthesis occurred in 2 patients of proximal femur replacement. Overall re-surgery rate was 5.1% (6 patients). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with or without biological failure with respect to demographics, site of tumor, type of procedure, blood loss, duration of surgery and history of chemotherapy.ConclusionProlene mesh is a useful tool to reconstruct the soft tissue defects following bone tumor resections. It is readily available, reliable and provides reproducible results, with no added risk of wound complications.