腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素Logistic分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素。方法　从 1 337例行LC病人术前的临床症状、体征、辅助检查等指标中分析中转开腹的危险因素。结果　中转开腹 1 3例。 4种因素 ,即胆囊壁厚度、急性胆囊炎的发作次数、一周内出现上腹痛、右上腹体征为中转开腹的危险因素。结论　从 4种危险因素可以预测中转的概率 ,在术前做好高中转风险的心理准备 ,术中能果断做出中转的决定 ,避免手术副损伤     

36例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹原因分析

分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中转开腹的原因。回顾性分析2011年10月—2015年1月1128例急症LC术和中转开腹36例患者临床资料,对中转开腹的因素进行单因素和Logistic多因素回归分析。结果显示,年龄、胆囊炎发作时间、上腹部手术史、合并糖尿病、BMI、胆囊壁厚度、手术出血量、手术时间、急性发病次数、并发症、术前白细胞计数、总胆红素水平、谷丙转氨酶水平均为LC术中转开腹的危险因素,Logistic回归分析年龄、胆囊壁厚度、合并糖尿病、胆囊炎发作时间为中转开腹的独立危险因素。结果表明,导致腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素包括年龄、胆囊壁厚度、胆囊炎发作时间、合并糖尿病等。     

急性胆囊炎术前超声征象与腹腔镜胆囊切除术转开腹的关系

目的：探讨急性胆囊炎术前腹部超声检查征象与腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC）中转开腹的关系。
方法：对226例急性胆囊炎LC患者术前行腹部超声检查,记录胆囊容积,胆囊壁厚度,胆囊窝有无积液,胆囊颈管是否有结石嵌顿,胆囊与周围粘连,胆囊三角粘连情况。分析超声显像与LC转开腹的关系。
结果：208例成功完成LC,18例中转开腹。单因素分析显示超声检查胆囊容积增大,胆囊壁增厚,胆囊颈管结石嵌顿,胆囊颈粘连是中转开腹的危险因素（P＜0.05）。多因素回归分析显示胆囊壁增厚和胆囊颈粘连是影响腹腔镜中转开腹率的独立危险因素。
结论：术前超声检查预测急性胆囊炎LC转开腹简便易行,对急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜手术适应证的选择有重要指导意义。

     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的原因分析及时机选择

目的:研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中转开腹的原因及时机。方法:将成功施行LC的胆囊炎合并胆囊结石患者归入LC组,中转行开腹胆囊切除术(open cholecystectomy,OC)的患者归入OC组,进一步根据中转开腹的时机分为主动中转组与被动中转组,以观察LC中转开腹的危险因素及术中、术后各项指标。结果:OC组上腹部手术史例数、急性胆囊炎发作例数、白细胞计数、胆囊壁厚度均大于LC组;主动中转组手术时间、术中出血量、输血例数、术后引流量、排气时间、下床时间、术后住院时间均明显优于被动中转组。结论:上腹部手术史、急性胆囊炎发作、白细胞计数偏高及胆囊壁厚度增加均是中转开腹的危险因素,根据术中探查情况选择合适的中转开腹时机具有积极的临床意义。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的的危险因素分析及防范

目的：分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹手术的潜在危险因素并探讨其防范措施。
方法：回顾性分析收治的786例行LC患者的临床资料,并进行Logistic回归分析。
结果：786例LC手术中转开腹50例,中转率为6.4%。体质量、上腹部手术史、急性胆囊炎次数（＞5次）、胆囊壁厚度是中转开腹的独立高危因素。
结论：LC中转开腹手术的潜在危险因素较多,评估其危险因素有利于适时中转开腹。

     

不同手术时机腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效及中转开腹影响因素研究

目的探讨不同手术时机腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效及中转开腹的影响因素。方法回顾性分析120例急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,根据LC手术时机的不同,将症状出现48小时内者、症状出现48小时后手术者分别纳入早期组(n=67)、晚期组(n=53),比较不同组别患者围手术期相关指标,并对中转开腹的影响因素进行统计学分析。结果早期组患者手术时间及术中出血量均明显少于晚期组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组中转开腹率及并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,年龄≥65岁、体温≥38.5℃、WBC计数≥15×109/L、腹肌紧张、有上腹部手术史、结石嵌顿、胆囊壁厚度≥5mm是LC术中转开腹的影响因素(P0.05);经Logistic多元逐步回归分析,年龄、白细胞计数、胆囊壁厚度均为影响LC术中转开腹影响的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论急性结石性胆囊炎早期进行LC术(发病48h内)具有手术时间短、术中出血量少的优势,年龄、白细胞计数、胆囊壁厚度均为影响LC术中转开腹的独立危险因素。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素的分析

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中转开腹的危险因素,为在保证安全前提下,降低中转开腹率提供参考。方法回顾分析328例LC患者的临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析方法,分析LC中转开腹的危险因素。结果 328例LC患者中转开腹26例,占7.93%,主要原因是Calot三角解剖不清(12/26,46.12%),腹腔粘连(9/26,34.62%)。墨菲氏征阳性、胆囊壁厚≥3mm、近6个月发作频数≥2次和黄疸为中转开腹的危险因素。结论对存在危险因素的患者,应术前做好中转开腹和适时选择开腹手术的准备。     

胆囊切除术直接选择开腹手术的指征探讨

目的探讨根据术前资料选择直接施行开腹胆囊切除术（open cholecystectomy,OC）的指征。方法2005年1月-2007年11月对325例胆囊切除术（LC319例,OC9例）的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将病例根据条件分成2组,满足下列条件之一的为第1组：非急性胆囊炎胆囊壁厚度≥5mm;B超提示体积明显缩小的萎缩性胆囊炎;急性胆囊炎发作病史超过2年,每年发作超过2次;不符合上述条件之一的为第2组。结果第1组的中转开腹率和手术时间明显高于第2组[21.7%vs1.4%,χ^2=25.346,P=0.000;（81.4±18.6）min vs（41.3±12.5）min,t=14.233,P=0.000]。结论对于术前胆囊壁厚度〉5mm,胆囊体积明显缩小,急性胆囊炎发作病史超过2年、每年发作超过2次,预计LC术中解剖困难的病例选择直接开腹手术是明智的选择。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素分析

目的:分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的原因及相关危险因素,为外科医生的临床决策提供参考。方法:回顾分析3 476例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料,采用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析,探讨影响中转开腹的危险因素,并用SPSS 13.0绘制历年中转开腹率趋势图。结果:3 476例患者中,163例中转开腹,中转开腹率为4.7%;中转开腹组与腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后排气时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胆囊粘连严重、胆囊三角处理困难是中转开腹的主要原因,占所有因素的57.1%;单因素分析结果显示:肥胖、手术经验、腹部手术史、胆囊炎反复发作史、胆囊壁厚度、WBC计数与腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹相关(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示:腹部手术史、肥胖、胆囊炎反复发作史、手术经验、胆囊壁厚度是影响腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中转开腹的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:术前正确评估腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的相关危险因素,可为外科医生术中决策提供一定的参考,并可减少手术并发症。     

Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones; however conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) remains a possibility. Unfortunately, preoperative factors indicating risk of conversion are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with conversion of LC to OC. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: Records of 564 patients undergoing LC in 1995 and 1996 were reviewed. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: (1) acute cholecystitis defined by the presence of gallstones, fever, leukocyte count >10(4), and inflammation on ultrasound or histology; (2) chronic cholecystitis that included all other symptomatic patients. Demographics, history, and physical, laboratory, and radiology data, operative note, and the pathology report were reviewed. RESULTS: 161 of 564 patients, had acute and 403 patients had chronic cholecystitis; 16 acute cholecystitis patients (10%) were converted from LC to OC and 17 chronic cholecystitis patients (4%) had LC converted to OC. Patients having open conversion were significantly older, had greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and were more likely to be males. LC conversion to OC in acute cholecystitis patients was associated with a greater leukocyte count; in gangrenous cholecystitis patients, 29% had open conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Importantly, these risk factors-older men, presence of cardiovascular disease, male gender, acute cholecystitis, and severe inflammation-are determined preoperatively, permitting the surgeon to better inform patients about the conversion risk from LC to OC. While acute cholecystitis was associated with more than a twofold increased conversion rate, only 10% of these patients could not be completed laparoscopically. Therefore, acute cholecystitis alone should not preclude an attempt at laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

急症腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素的分析

目的:分析术前预测急症腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中转开腹的可能性,以期找到客观、实用、准确率高的预测LC手术难易度的方法,并选择适当的手术方式.方法:回顾分析2005～2009年120例急症LC中38例中转开腹患者的临床资料.从胆囊炎、胆囊结石疾病病理方面提取胆囊...     

基于东京指南(2018)下中度(Ⅱ级)急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹危险因素分析

目的探讨中度(Ⅱ级)急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)中转开腹的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年1月137例急性胆囊炎患者资料,57例患者行LC,80例患者行LC中转开腹,依据手术方式不同分成LC组和中转开腹组。所有数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行处理。计量资料以( ±s)表示,对各变量进行正态性检验,各变量未通过正态性检验(P<0.05),以连续性变量以中位数(四分位间距)表示并做秩和检验。多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果(1)单因素分析结果显示：患者年龄、急性胆囊炎发生次数、患者本次发病最高白细胞计数、患者最高体温、彩超诊断下胆囊厚度、胆囊大小中转开腹组均显著高于LC组(P<0.05),LC医师年资中转开腹组均显著低于LC组(P<0.05)。(2)多因素分析结果显示：急性胆囊炎发生次数,患者本次发病最高体温是中转开腹的独立危险因素,LC医师年资是中转开腹的独立保护因素。 结论急性胆囊炎发生次数、患者体温是中度(Ⅱ级)急性胆囊炎行LC中转开腹独立危险因素,有经验的手术医师可以减少该类疾病中转开腹的概率。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

In 1,300 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) 56 patients (4.3%) required conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC); 41 (73%) of the conversions were elective, whereas 15 (27%) were enforced. The causes of the 56 conversions are described and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis of 23 parameters identified the following data as associated with a higher risk for conversion: pain or rigidity in the right upper abdomen (P<0.01), thickening of the gallbladder wall on preoperative ultrasound (P<0.05), intraoperatively found dense adhesions to the gallbladder or in Calot's triangle (P<0.001), and intraoperatively found acute inflammation of the gallbladder (P<0.01). Clinical findings of an acute cholecystitis associated with intraoperative dense scarring in Calot's triangle were the best factors predicting conversion from LC to OC. As a result of the study we preoperatively select our patients for either LC or OC, and a difficult case is performed by a more experienced surgeon to keep conversion rate and complications low.     

Conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy

Background: Identifying patients who are at risk for conversion from laparoscopic (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) has proven to be difficult. The purpose of this review was to identify factors that may be predictive of cases which will require conversion to laparotomy for completion of cholecystectomy. Methods: We reviewed 581 LCs initiated between July 1990 and August 1993 at a university medical center and recorded reasons for conversion to OC. Statistical analysis was then performed to identify factors predictive of increased risk for conversion. Results: Of the 581 LC initiated, 45 (8%) required OC for completion. Reasons for conversion included technical and mandatory reasons and equipment failure. By multivariate analysis, statistically significant risk factors for conversion included increasing age, acute cholecystitis, a history of previous upper abdominal surgery, and being a patient at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Factors not increasing risk of conversion included gender and operating surgeon. Conclusions: We conclude that no factor alone can reliably predict unsuccessful LC, but that combinations of increasing age, acute cholecystitis, previous upper abdominal surgery, and VAMC patient result in high conversion rates. Patients with the defined risk factors may be counseled on the increased likelihood of conversion. However, LC can be safely initiated for gallbladder removal with no excess morbidity or mortality should conversion be required.     

Male gender: risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of male gender on the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been accepted as standard procedure for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis even when the gallbladder is acutely inflamed. With the accumulated experience in the management of acute cholecystitis, some factors including male gender were recognized to influence the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis and increase the conversion rate during LC. This retrospective study tried to clarify the correlation between male gender and the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. The medical records of all patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 1994 to August 1999 were evaluated. These cases were divided into four groups as follows: (1) elective LC group: patients with a history of biliary colic or acute attack of cholecystitis but whose LC was performed electively without any inflammatory change in the gallbladder during operation; (2) acute LC group: patients presenting with acute cholecystitis, and LC was performed successfully without conversion; (3) acute conversion group: patients who underwent LC during the course of acute cholecystitis but the procedure were disturbed by severe inflammatory change so they were converted to open surgery; (4) acute open group: patients whose acute cholecystitis was managed by direct open surgery due to the preoperative prediction that LC would not succeed. The correlation of gender, age, and operating time were assessed among these four groups. We found that: (1) the male/female ratio increased (in the patient group sequence of simple LC, acute LC, acute open, and acute conversion group); (2) in the acute LC group male patients had significantly (p = 0.04, t-test) longer operating time than females; (3) although there was no significant difference between the mean age of male (55.7 +/- 13.4) and female (56.3 +/- 15.7) patients in the acute cholecystitis groups (i.e., all patients in the acute LC, acute conversion, and acute open groups), the distribution curve by age in male patients showed a significantly shift to a younger age compared with female patients (p = 0.009, Fisher's exact test).     

急性结石性胆囊炎行LC术难易程度的相关因素分析

目的：探讨急性结石性胆囊炎行LC(Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,LC)手术难易程度的相关因素。方法：将245例急性结石性胆囊炎患者根据手术时间和有无中转分成容易组（123例）和困难组（122例）（含中转开腹组33例 open cholecystectomy, OC）,分别比较各组术前一般资料、术前影像学差异和腹腔镜下所见,筛选出有统计学差异的指标。结果：术前资料中,容易组和困难组在体温、白细胞计数,手术时机、胆囊壁厚度、胆囊体积、胆总管直径各指标间差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;术中镜下所见,两组在胆囊壁厚度、大小、颈部结石嵌顿、胆总管直径、胆囊三角各指标间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。结论：急性结石性胆囊炎体温升高,白细胞计数增加,胆囊壁增厚、胆囊体积增大、胆总管直径大于8 mm、颈部结石嵌顿、Calot三角不清是行LC困难的因素。