急性胆囊炎术前超声征象与腹腔镜胆囊切除术转开腹的关系

目的：探讨急性胆囊炎术前腹部超声检查征象与腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC）中转开腹的关系。
方法：对226例急性胆囊炎LC患者术前行腹部超声检查,记录胆囊容积,胆囊壁厚度,胆囊窝有无积液,胆囊颈管是否有结石嵌顿,胆囊与周围粘连,胆囊三角粘连情况。分析超声显像与LC转开腹的关系。
结果：208例成功完成LC,18例中转开腹。单因素分析显示超声检查胆囊容积增大,胆囊壁增厚,胆囊颈管结石嵌顿,胆囊颈粘连是中转开腹的危险因素（P＜0.05）。多因素回归分析显示胆囊壁增厚和胆囊颈粘连是影响腹腔镜中转开腹率的独立危险因素。
结论：术前超声检查预测急性胆囊炎LC转开腹简便易行,对急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜手术适应证的选择有重要指导意义。

     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的的危险因素分析及防范

目的：分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹手术的潜在危险因素并探讨其防范措施。
方法：回顾性分析收治的786例行LC患者的临床资料,并进行Logistic回归分析。
结果：786例LC手术中转开腹50例,中转率为6.4%。体质量、上腹部手术史、急性胆囊炎次数（＞5次）、胆囊壁厚度是中转开腹的独立高危因素。
结论：LC中转开腹手术的潜在危险因素较多,评估其危险因素有利于适时中转开腹。

     

腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹手术的危险因素分析

目的：分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹手术的危险因素。方法：回顾分析我院5年间2 850例LC临床资料,采用单因素分析至Logistic多元回归分析推算出LC中转开腹的危险因素。结果：LC中转开腹手术115例,中转率为4.03%。LC中转开腹的危险因素有近半年胆囊炎急性发作≥2次,胆囊炎病史>2年,伴有右上腹体征（右上腹压痛、肝区叩痛、Murphy′s征阳性）,胆囊壁厚度≥3 mm和胆囊积液。结论：中转开腹的危险因素有近期胆囊炎发作频数、胆囊炎病史、右上腹体征、胆囊壁厚度和胆囊积液。术前仔细询问病史和完善检查,选择适合的LC患者和提高术者手术技术是降低LC中转开腹率的有效措施。对于存在危险因素的患者应适时的选择开腹手术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素Logistic分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的危险因素。方法　从 1 337例行LC病人术前的临床症状、体征、辅助检查等指标中分析中转开腹的危险因素。结果　中转开腹 1 3例。 4种因素 ,即胆囊壁厚度、急性胆囊炎的发作次数、一周内出现上腹痛、右上腹体征为中转开腹的危险因素。结论　从 4种危险因素可以预测中转的概率 ,在术前做好高中转风险的心理准备 ,术中能果断做出中转的决定 ,避免手术副损伤     

弃用夹子及超声刀的无异物腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中使用可吸收缝线、电凝钩取代夹子和超声刀进行手术的可行性。 
方法：对554例LC术中采用可吸收缝线结扎胆囊管和胆囊动脉，用分离钳、电凝钩显露胆囊,根据胆囊三角情况采用顺行或逆行方式切除胆囊。解剖出胆囊管和胆囊动脉，用分离钳将长约10 cm的可吸收缝线送入腹腔,腹腔内打结结扎胆囊管及胆囊血管的近端，远端用电凝钩电凝直接离断。 
结果：554例中除1例因胆囊穿孔，致胆囊三角结构不清，1例因与结肠形成内瘘而中转开腹外，其余552例手术均获成功。手术时间10～70 min，平均32 min；术中出血量5～200 mL，平均13 mL。术后无出血、胆瘘和腹腔感染等并发症发生。503例术后随访1个月至1.5年，平均7个月，未发生腹痛、黄疸及发热等症状。每例住院节余费用平均约2 000元。 
结论：LC术中使用可吸收缝线、电凝钩取代夹子和超声刀进行胆囊切除的方法经济、安全、可靠，能有效地避免使用夹子所致的并发症，可减少患者的医疗费用。

     

超声刀处理胆囊动脉完成腹腔镜胆囊切除87例

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用超声刀处理胆囊动脉的安全性及处理方法。
方法：回顾性分析2009年3月—2010年11月单用超声刀处理胆囊动脉完成腹腔镜胆囊切除87例的临床资料。
结果：全组均成功完成手术,其中经脐单孔切除42例,二孔切除5例,三孔切除40例,手术时间20~110 min,平均37.5 min,术中出血5~20 mL,平均7.5 mL,术后无并发症发生,术后2~4 d出院。
结论：应用超声刀处理胆囊动脉完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可靠的,可节省部分手术时间和费用。

     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素的分析

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中转开腹的危险因素,为在保证安全前提下,降低中转开腹率提供参考。方法回顾分析328例LC患者的临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析方法,分析LC中转开腹的危险因素。结果 328例LC患者中转开腹26例,占7.93%,主要原因是Calot三角解剖不清(12/26,46.12%),腹腔粘连(9/26,34.62%)。墨菲氏征阳性、胆囊壁厚≥3mm、近6个月发作频数≥2次和黄疸为中转开腹的危险因素。结论对存在危险因素的患者,应术前做好中转开腹和适时选择开腹手术的准备。     

萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊Calot三角的处理

目的探讨萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)术中Calot三角的处理。方法对125例慢性结石性萎缩性胆囊炎进行LC的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 125例中行LC成功117例,成功率93.6%,中转开腹8例,4例因Calot三角严重粘连、解剖不清、胆囊管无法分离,1例胆囊与周围组织致密粘连无法分离,2例因为胆囊动脉出血,1例胆囊十二指肠瘘而中转开腹。全组术后无并发症,均治愈出院。结论萎缩性胆囊炎LC手术成功的关键是Calot三角的解剖,可以通过术前B超,CT,MRI来判断三角区的情况,术中对三角区的胆囊动脉,胆囊管的正确处理可以提高手术成功率,减少手术并发症。     

Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones; however conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) remains a possibility. Unfortunately, preoperative factors indicating risk of conversion are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with conversion of LC to OC. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: Records of 564 patients undergoing LC in 1995 and 1996 were reviewed. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: (1) acute cholecystitis defined by the presence of gallstones, fever, leukocyte count >10(4), and inflammation on ultrasound or histology; (2) chronic cholecystitis that included all other symptomatic patients. Demographics, history, and physical, laboratory, and radiology data, operative note, and the pathology report were reviewed. RESULTS: 161 of 564 patients, had acute and 403 patients had chronic cholecystitis; 16 acute cholecystitis patients (10%) were converted from LC to OC and 17 chronic cholecystitis patients (4%) had LC converted to OC. Patients having open conversion were significantly older, had greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and were more likely to be males. LC conversion to OC in acute cholecystitis patients was associated with a greater leukocyte count; in gangrenous cholecystitis patients, 29% had open conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Importantly, these risk factors-older men, presence of cardiovascular disease, male gender, acute cholecystitis, and severe inflammation-are determined preoperatively, permitting the surgeon to better inform patients about the conversion risk from LC to OC. While acute cholecystitis was associated with more than a twofold increased conversion rate, only 10% of these patients could not be completed laparoscopically. Therefore, acute cholecystitis alone should not preclude an attempt at laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

基于东京指南(2018)下中度(Ⅱ级)急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹危险因素分析

目的探讨中度(Ⅱ级)急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)中转开腹的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年1月137例急性胆囊炎患者资料,57例患者行LC,80例患者行LC中转开腹,依据手术方式不同分成LC组和中转开腹组。所有数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行处理。计量资料以( ±s)表示,对各变量进行正态性检验,各变量未通过正态性检验(P<0.05),以连续性变量以中位数(四分位间距)表示并做秩和检验。多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果(1)单因素分析结果显示：患者年龄、急性胆囊炎发生次数、患者本次发病最高白细胞计数、患者最高体温、彩超诊断下胆囊厚度、胆囊大小中转开腹组均显著高于LC组(P<0.05),LC医师年资中转开腹组均显著低于LC组(P<0.05)。(2)多因素分析结果显示：急性胆囊炎发生次数,患者本次发病最高体温是中转开腹的独立危险因素,LC医师年资是中转开腹的独立保护因素。 结论急性胆囊炎发生次数、患者体温是中度(Ⅱ级)急性胆囊炎行LC中转开腹独立危险因素,有经验的手术医师可以减少该类疾病中转开腹的概率。     

Conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy

Background: Identifying patients who are at risk for conversion from laparoscopic (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) has proven to be difficult. The purpose of this review was to identify factors that may be predictive of cases which will require conversion to laparotomy for completion of cholecystectomy. Methods: We reviewed 581 LCs initiated between July 1990 and August 1993 at a university medical center and recorded reasons for conversion to OC. Statistical analysis was then performed to identify factors predictive of increased risk for conversion. Results: Of the 581 LC initiated, 45 (8%) required OC for completion. Reasons for conversion included technical and mandatory reasons and equipment failure. By multivariate analysis, statistically significant risk factors for conversion included increasing age, acute cholecystitis, a history of previous upper abdominal surgery, and being a patient at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Factors not increasing risk of conversion included gender and operating surgeon. Conclusions: We conclude that no factor alone can reliably predict unsuccessful LC, but that combinations of increasing age, acute cholecystitis, previous upper abdominal surgery, and VAMC patient result in high conversion rates. Patients with the defined risk factors may be counseled on the increased likelihood of conversion. However, LC can be safely initiated for gallbladder removal with no excess morbidity or mortality should conversion be required.     

经脐入路单孔腹腔镜行胆囊切除术150例报告

目的：探讨经脐入路单孔腹腔镜行胆囊切除术的可信性及安全性。
方法:回顾性分析150例经脐单孔行LC患者的临床资料。
结果:3例因胆囊颈部结石嵌顿,胆囊明显肿胀,显露困难,且术后需引流,改为两孔法完成手术,其余均成功行经脐单孔腹腔镜手术,成功率98%,手术时间30~100 min,无出血、胆瘘等并发症发生,出院时仅见脐部皱褶外,均无可见的腹壁瘢痕。
结论:经脐入路单孔腹腔镜手术操作简单、安全,技术上是可行的。但必需要手术组熟练使用改良的器械及密切配合。

     

急症腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素的分析

目的:分析术前预测急症腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中转开腹的可能性,以期找到客观、实用、准确率高的预测LC手术难易度的方法,并选择适当的手术方式.方法:回顾分析2005～2009年120例急症LC中38例中转开腹患者的临床资料.从胆囊炎、胆囊结石疾病病理方面提取胆囊...