枢椎椎板螺钉治疗上颈椎不稳的临床研究

目的探讨枢椎椎板螺钉技术的临床应用和适应证。方法2004年10月至2008年12月,采用后路枢椎椎板螺钉技术治疗上颈椎不稳35例,男19例,女16例;年龄23～73岁,平均45岁。AndersonⅡ型和Ⅲ型齿突骨折19例,寰椎横韧带断裂1例,先天性游离齿突并寰枢椎不稳2例,寰椎骨折合并寰枢椎不稳7例,不典型Hangman骨折并C2-3不稳1例,C2-3创伤性不稳5例。患者均采用颈椎后路Vertex钉棒系统固定。结果35例患者共置入枢椎椎板螺钉68枚,术中无一例发生脊髓和椎动脉损伤。患者均获得随访,随访时间6个月～4年,平均25.5个月。随访时X线片均未见明显颈椎不稳、内固定失败及螺钉松动退出。11例患者螺钉穿出椎板背侧,但无症状出现。结论枢椎后路经椎板螺钉技术固定牢固,操作简单,相对安全,特别适用于C2椎弓根发育异常或骨折不能采用椎弓跟固定的患者。     

枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位

目的 评价枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎脱位的临床可行性.方法 对5例枢椎椎弓根细小的寰枢椎脱位患者,在气管插管全身麻醉下施行了枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定术.枢椎椎板螺钉的进钉点位于棘突两侧椎板交界处,交叉置人对侧椎板内;寰椎椎弓根螺钉的进钉点位于枢椎侧块中线上,距寰椎后弓上缘最少3 mm,内斜10°,上斜5°.螺钉直径3.5 mm,枢椎椎板螺钉长26～32 mm,寰椎椎弓根螺钉长28～32 mm,结合自体髂骨植骨.结果 患者获得随访3～18个月,平均7.5个月.未发生椎动脉、脊髓损伤,术后临床症状得到不同程度的改善,X线、CT复查螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,植骨3个月后均达到满意融合.结论 枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位效果满意,是又一可供选择的寰枢椎后路固定术式.     

后路寰枢椎经关节螺钉结合寰椎椎板钩与寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎脱位的疗效比较

目的:比较后路寰枢椎经关节螺钉结合寰枢椎板钩固定融合与寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗可复性寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2006年6月~2012年3月行寰枢椎经关节螺钉结合寰椎椎板钩固定融合治疗的74例可复性寰枢椎脱位患者(钉钩组)的临床资料,以同时期相同纳入标准采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗的63例患者(钉棒组)作为对照。记录术前疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、脊髓功能(ASIA分级)、颈部僵硬度、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、术中出血量、手术时间。以末次随访时植骨融合率、VAS评分、ASIA分级、NDI、颈部僵硬度及患者满意度评价治疗效果,并比较两组间的临床疗效。结果:两组患者的年龄、性别比和术前VAS评分、NDI、ASIA分级差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。钉钩组随访时间为76.3±14.0(48~110)个月,平均手术时间为126.1±8.6min,平均术中出血量为207.8±34.2ml,植骨融合率为100%,平均融合时间为4.6±0.9个月;钉棒组随访时间为72.0±12.0(48~96)个月、平均手术时间为129.8±7.9min,平均术中出血量为225.8±30.0ml,植骨融合率为98%,平均融合时间为4.8±1.2个月。两组随访时间、手术时间、植骨融合率和融合时间的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),钉钩组的平均术中出血量与钉棒组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者末次随访时VAS评分、NDI和颈部僵硬度均较术前降低(P0.05)。有神经症状的患者,钉钩组的49例与钉棒组的37例末次随访时ASIA分级较术前提高1~2级。末次随访时,VAS评分、ASIA分级、颈部僵硬度、患者满意度及NDI两组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:后路寰枢椎经关节螺钉结合寰椎椎板钩固定融合与寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗可复性寰枢椎脱位均能达到满意的临床疗效,但前者术中出血量更少。     

经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗C1-2不稳

目的:探讨经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效.方法:2003年1月至2006年12月,采用寰枢椎经后路椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗C1-2不稳患者27例,男18例,女9例,年龄17-71岁,平均43.5岁.其中AndersonⅡ型齿状突骨折16例(陈旧性骨折7例,新鲜骨折9例),Ⅲ型陈旧性齿状突骨折1例,横韧带断裂4例,上颈椎肿瘤1例,先天性游离齿状突并寰枢椎不稳5例.患者均有不同程度的颈枕区疼痛,活动受限;影像学均有寰枢椎半脱位或不稳,JOA评分5～12分,平均8.6分.其中3例难复性脱位患者先行前路松解术;22例同时行植骨融合,5例单纯行内固定.随访治疗效果.结果:27例患者共置入螺钉108枚,其中有3例在置入寰椎椎弓根螺钉时后弓破裂,直接将螺钉固定在寰椎侧块上.手术时间1～3h.出血量100-400ml,术中有2例在剥离寰椎后弓下缘时损伤静脉丛,成功止血.术后X线片及CT显示2例一侧枢椎椎弓根螺钉部分进入椎动脉孔,1例螺钉偏内致椎弓根内侧皮质破裂,均无神经症状,其余螺钉位置良好,寰枢关节复位满意.所有患者均获随访,随访时间6-42个月,平均26个月,术后JOA评分13～17分,平均14-8分.未发生与螺钉相关的神经血管并发症,无内同定松动或断钉现象,22例植骨者术后随访时均已达到骨性融合,5例未行植骨患者1年后拆除内固定,寰枢关节旋转功能良好.结论:寰枢椎后路椎弓根螺钉技术是治疗寰枢椎不稳的有效方法.     

采用椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗寰枢椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳的临床效果。[方法]2009年9月~2017年3月,对6例创伤性寰枢椎不稳患者采用颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗。术前均常规行颅骨牵引,椎弓根进钉点位于寰椎椎弓两侧距后结节20 mm、后弓下缘2 mm,内倾5°~10°、头倾10°~15°,置入直径3.5 mm、长22~26 mm螺钉。枢椎螺钉的进钉点位于侧块内上象限,内倾约25°,头倾约25°置入直径3.5 mm、长24~28 mm螺钉。[结果]术中无血管及神经损伤。术后随访6~36个月,患者临床症状得到明显改善。术后检查显示螺钉位置良好,无内置物松动、断裂。术后12个月JOA评分为11.00~17.00分。[结论]寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳疗效满意。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定在儿童上颈椎疾患中的应用

目的报道5例9岁以下儿童由于不同原因所致寰枢椎不稳行颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定的病例,介绍手术方法、术中及术后注意事项。方法患儿5例,男1例,女4例,年龄2岁～9岁8个月,平均77.6个月。其中枢椎齿突肿瘤破坏致寰枢椎不稳1例,寰枢椎外伤性不稳定1例,寰枢椎发育性不稳定3例。所有患儿均有颈痛、颈椎活动受限及不同程度的脊髓受压症状。术前常规行颈椎X线照片（包括动力位）、颈椎MRI及颈椎三维CT扫描,并利用三维CT数据,采用计算机辅助设计-快速成型（computer aided design-rapidprototyping,CAD-RP）技术制作寰枢椎模型及椎弓根螺钉导向模板,在C型臂X线机监视下行寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉置入及固定融合。其中1例齿突肿瘤破坏致寰枢关节不稳的病儿,后路手术完成后行经口前路齿突肿瘤切除术。结果 5例手术均顺利完成,术中平均出血100～300mL,无手术并发症,术后患儿恢复良好,CT扫描螺钉位置正确。经3～6个月随访,患儿暂无不良反应。结论儿童寰枢椎不稳可以应用3.5mm直径的螺钉行椎弓根固定,C型臂X线机、三维CAD模型以及螺钉置入导板的运用可以提高螺钉置入的准确率。     

多种寰枢椎后路钉棒固定技术的临床组合应用

目的评价3种寰椎后路螺钉固定方法和2种枢椎后路螺钉固定方法构成的钉棒组合治疗上颈椎不稳的可行性和临床效果。方法在气管插管全麻下对132例患者施行了寰枢椎后路钉棒固定技术,寰椎进行椎弓根螺钉、部分经椎弓根螺钉或侧块螺钉固定;枢椎进行椎弓根螺钉或交叉椎板螺钉固定。结果全组病例获钉棒固定,其中寰椎螺钉固定采用椎弓根螺钉224枚,部分经椎弓根螺钉36枚,侧块螺钉4枚;枢椎螺钉固定采用椎弓根螺钉240枚,椎板螺钉24枚。术中未发生椎动脉、脊髓损伤。120例患者术后获得随访3～22个月,平均8个月,临床症状得到不同程度的改善;X线片、CT复查螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,植骨3～6个月后均达到满意融合。结论寰椎和枢椎螺钉可进行多重组合,为上颈椎后路提供灵活多变的短节段固定,增加了钉棒固定技术的临床适用范围。     

经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗寰枢椎不稳症

目的 探讨经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合治疗寰枢椎不稳症的置钉方法及疗效.方法 应用经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗寰枢椎不稳症25例.结果 25例100枚螺钉均成功置入,术后4～6个月植骨融合,未发现钉棒断裂及松动.结论 经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合术可直视下置钉、短节段固定,是治疗寰枢椎不稳症一种值得推荐的治疗方法...     

经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗上颈椎疾患

目的探讨经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗上颈椎疾患的可行性、方法、疗效和适应证。方法2004年10月～2006年1月,采用后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗17例上颈椎疾患患者。男13例,女4例;年龄19～52岁。寰枢椎脱位14例,其中先天性齿状突不连3例,陈旧齿状突骨折4例,新鲜齿状突骨折（C型）2例,寰椎横韧带断裂3例,寰椎骨折2例;枢椎肿瘤2例;C2、3巨大神经鞘膜瘤1例。术前JOA评分8.3±3.0分。结果17例手术时间2.1～3.4h,平均2.7h;出血量300～750ml,平均490ml。术中未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤。1枚寰椎椎弓根螺钉前端穿透侧块内上皮质约3mm,但未影响寰枕关节活动,余位置满意。患者全部获3～18个月定期随访。螺钉位置良好,无钉棒断裂、变形及松动,3～6个月后患者均获植骨融合。术后3个月JOA评分14.6±2.2分,恢复率73%～91%,平均82%。结论经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗上颈椎疾患具有可行性,若术中操作得当,其疗效较好,适应证较广。     

后路椎弓根螺钉治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳

目的探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效。方法自2006年12月至2010年9月,采用C1-C2椎弓根螺钉治疗寰枢椎不稳13例。男9例,女4例;年龄21～52岁,平均43岁。其中寰椎侧块粉碎性骨折1例;齿状突AndersonⅡ型骨折7例,其中3例为陈旧性;寰枢椎脱位2例;联合损伤3例。结果 13例均获得随访,随访时间6～27个月,平均15.7个月。根据脊髓功能Frankel分级评价,好转8例,无改变5例,加重0例;9例骨性融合,4例齿状突骨不连,2例术后1年拆除内固定,未发现内固定断裂、松动、退钉。结论应用寰枢椎椎弓根内固定安全、牢靠,是治疗创伤性环枢椎不稳的一种很好的治疗选择。     

枢椎经椎板螺钉联合寰椎侧块螺钉内固定术的临床应用

目的 探讨后路经枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术治疗上颈椎不稳的临床疗效和并发症.方法 2003年10月至2006年12月,采用此技术治疗寰枢椎不稳17例,男12例,女5例;年龄34～73岁,平均42.5岁.Anderson Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型齿突骨折14例,寰椎横韧带断裂1例,先天性游离齿突并寰枢椎不稳2例.均有寰枢椎半脱位或不稳,表现为不同程度的颈枕区疼痛,活动受限.枢椎经椎板螺钉固定技术以棘突和椎板的交界处椎板头尾方向的中点为进钉点,为避免钉道的相互干扰,第1枚螺钉的进钉点通常选择枢椎椎板的偏头侧,另1枚螺钉的进钉点偏尾侧,用高速磨钻在进钉点磨去少许皮质骨开窗后,用手钻向枢椎对侧椎板钻孔,螺钉方向在直视下与椎板平面并行,并稍向枢椎椎板背侧倾斜,以确保螺钉不穿破椎板腹侧皮质侵犯椎管,宁可穿破枢椎椎板背侧皮质骨.内固定系统均使用颈椎后路Vertex钉棒系统同定.结果 术中无一例发生脊髓和椎动脉损伤.有2例患者在剥离寰椎后弓下缘时,损伤静脉丛,用明胶海绵压迫止血成功.术后CT示枢椎椎板螺钉位置良好,未见侵犯枢椎椎管和脊髓.随访术后X线片未见明显颈椎不稳、内固定失败及螺钉松动退出.结论 枢椎后路经椎板螺钉技术固定牢固,操作简单,相对安全,值得进一步推广.     

Clinical application of C2 laminar screw technique

C2 laminar screws have become an increasingly used alternative method to C2 pedicle screw fixation. However, the outcome of this technique has not been thoroughly investigated. A total of 35 cases with upper cervical spinal instability undergoing C2 laminar screw fixation were reviewed. All cases had symptoms of atlantoaxial instability, such as craniocervical junction pain, and were fixed with the Vertex cervical internal fixation system. A total of 68 screws were placed and hybrid constructs (a C2 translaminar screw combined with a C2 pars screw) were incorporated in two patients. In this series, there were no intraoperative complications and no cases of neurological worsening or vascular injury from hardware placement. Computed tomographic scans demonstrated a partial dorsal laminar breach in ten patients. None of these resulted in neurological symptoms. None of the patients was found to have a breach of the ventral laminar cortex. All the C2 laminar screws fixations were performed successfully. There was no instability seen on the films with no evidence of hardware failure or screw loosening during the follow-up period in all patients. In conclusion, C2 laminar screw technique is straightforward and easily adopted; it can efficiently and reliably restore upper cervical stability. It is an alternative method to C2 pedicle screw fixation, especially in patients with unilateral occlusion of vertebral artery and pedicle deformity of C2.     

借助于枢椎椎板钉重建寰枢关节稳定的初步临床报告

目的 探讨以枢椎椎板置钉法完成寰枢或枕颈固定,用以治疗寰枢关节不稳的可行性.方法 对枢椎椎弓根畸形或椎动脉异位的病例以枢椎椎板置钉的方法 完成寰枢或枕颈固定.如果一侧枢椎椎弓根是大致正常的,就在该侧用椎弓根钉固定,在对侧用枢椎椎板钉固定.在寰椎以侧块螺钉固定,在枕骨以短螺钉固定.用连接棒在寰枢或枕枢间连接.在寰枢后弓间或枕骨与枢椎椎弓间植入颗粒状松质骨.结果 共完成了9个病例,其中寰枢固定2例,枕颈固定7例.使用一侧枢椎椎弓根钉固定、另一侧枢椎椎板钉固定6例,两侧均为椎板钉固定3例.9例均得到随访,随访时间4-13个月(平均9个月).所有病例均得到骨性融合.有神经症状的8例中,症状改善情况为:优3例,良1例,可2例,无变化2例.1例椎板钉进入了椎管.所有病例均没有出现脊髓和椎动脉损伤症状.结论 枢椎椎板置钉操作简便、安全,固定效果可靠.可以作为枢椎椎弓根置钉固定的后备方法 ,适用于椎弓根畸形或椎动脉异位的病例.     

Biomechanical comparison of pedicle screws versus spinous process screws in C2 vertebra: A cadaveric study

Background:

Biomechanical studies have shown C2 pedicle screw to be the most robust in insertional torque and pullout strength. However, C2 pedicle screw placement is still technically challenging. Smaller C2 pedicles or medial localization of the vertebral artery may preclude safe C2 pedicle screw placement in some patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the pullout strength of spinous process screws with pedicle screws in the C2.

Materials and Methods:

Eight fresh human cadaveric cervical spine specimens (C2) were harvested and subsequently frozen to −20°C. After being thawed to room temperature, each specimen was debrided of remaining soft tissue and labeled. A customs jig as used to clamp each specimen for screw insertion firmly. Screws were inserted into the vertebral body pairs on each side using one of two methods. The pedicle screws were inserted in usual manner as in previous biomechanical studies. The starting point for spinous process screw insertion was located at the junction of the lamina and the spinous process and the direction of the screw was about 0° caudally in the sagittal plane and about 0° medially in the axial plane. Each vertebrae was held in a customs jig, which was attached to material testing machine (Material Testing System Inc., Changchun, China). A coupling device that fit around the head of the screw was used to pull out each screw at a loading rate of 2 mm/min. The uniaxial load to failure was recorded in Newton''st dependent test (for paired samples) was used to test for significance.

Results:

The mean load to failure was 387 N for the special protection scheme and 465 N for the protection scheme without significant difference (t = −0.862, P = 0.403). In all but three instances (38%), the spinous process pullout values exceeded the values for the pedicle screws. The working distances for the spinous process screws was little shorter than pedicle screws in each C2 specimen.

Conclusion:

Spinous process screws provide comparable pullout strength to pedicle screws of the C2. Spinous process screws may provide an alternative to pedicle screws fixation, especially with unusual anatomy or stripped screws.     

Posterior C2 fixation using bilateral, crossing C2 laminar screws: case series and technical note

Rigid screw fixation of the axis, for either atlantoaxial fixation or for incorporation of C2 into subaxial cervical constructs, provides significant stability and excellent long-term fusion results but remains technically demanding due to the danger of injury to the vertebral artery. Anatomic variability of the foramen transversarium in the body of the axis can preclude safe transarticular C1-C2 screw placement in up to 20% of patients. Although more recent methods of C2 screw fixation with pedicle screws allow safer fixation in a higher number of patients, there remains a significant risk to the vertebral artery with C2 pedicle screw placement. The author describes a novel technique of C2 rigid screw fixation using bilateral, crossing C2 laminar screws, not previously reported in the literature, which does not place the vertebral artery at risk during C2 fixation. This technique has been successfully used by the author in cases of craniocervical and atlantoaxial fixation as well as for incorporation of C2 into subaxial fixations. The technique is illustrated, and the author's initial experience in treating 10 patients with crossing, bilateral C2 aminar screws for indications of trauma, neoplasm, pseudarthrosis, and degenerative disease is reviewed. The possible advantages of C2 fixation with C2 laminar screws are discussed.     

寰枢椎脱位后路螺钉固定方法的临床选择

目的 探讨寰枢椎脱位后路钉棒固定术中寰椎螺钉和枢椎螺钉固定方法 的临床选择.方法 对2002 年11 月至2011 年12 月广州军区广州总医院收治的228 例可复性和23 例难复性寰枢椎脱位患者,术前进行置钉可行性和复位可能性评估,针对性地选择寰椎和枢椎的后路螺钉固定方法,进行寰枢椎后路钉棒固定治疗.结果 251 例患者均行钉棒固定并获得满意复位.寰椎螺钉固定采用椎弓根螺钉403 枚、部分经椎弓根螺钉77 枚、侧块螺钉22 枚;枢椎螺钉固定采用椎弓根螺钉437 枚、椎板螺钉56 枚、侧块螺钉9 枚.术中未发生椎动脉、脊髓损伤.237 例患者获得随访,随访时间4～38 个月,平均随访时间13 个月.230 例患者获骨性融合;6例为纤维愈合,动力位片（均随访2 年以上）未见复发脱位;另1 例为假关节未融合并双侧枢椎椎弓根螺钉松动,行后路翻修手术治愈.结论 根据寰枢椎脱位的复位难易程度和个体解剖特点灵活选择寰椎和枢椎不同的后路螺钉固定方法,扩大了寰枢椎后路钉棒固定技术的适用范围,提高了手术安全性和成功率.     

组合枢椎椎板螺钉及经枢椎椎板关节突螺钉固定技术的临床应用

目的探讨组合枢椎椎板螺钉及经枢椎椎板关节突螺钉(TLFS)固定技术治疗颈椎损伤的可行性和应用价值。方法自2005年10月～2008年10月,采用枢椎椎板螺钉及经枢椎TLFS固定技术治疗颈椎损伤36例。结果本组获随访13~32个月,平均18个月。30例行自体髂骨植骨,6例行异体骨植骨,获得了良好的骨性愈合。术后CT示枢椎椎板螺钉及经枢椎TLFS位置良好,未侵犯椎管和脊髓。结论枢椎椎板螺钉及经枢椎TLFS固定技术不受C2横突孔中椎动脉的位置和C2椎弓根大小限制,避免了螺钉置入过程中损伤椎动脉的风险,所以该方法可作为传统枢椎后路螺钉固定技术的补充。     

Posterior fixation and fusion with atlas pedicle screw system for upper cervical diseases

Objective： To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of atlas pedicle screws system fixation and fusion for the treatment of upper cervical diseases.
Methods： Twenty-three consecutive patients with upper cervical disorders requiring stabilization, including 19 cases of atlantoaxial dislocation （4 congenital odontoid disconnections, 6 old odontoid fractures, 4 fresh odontoid fractures of Aderson Ⅱ C, 3 ruptures of the C1 transverse ligament, and 2 fractures of C1）, 2 cases of C2 tumor （instability after the resection of the tumors）, and 2 giant neurilemomas of C2-C3（instability after resection of the tumors）, were treated by posterior fixation and fusion with the atlas pedicle screw system, in which the screws were inserted through the posterior arch of C1. The operative time, bleeding volume and complications were reported. All patients were immobilized without external fixation or with rigid cervical collars for 1-3 months. All patients were followed up and evaluated with radiographs and CT.
Results： In the 23 patients, 46 C1 pedicle screws, 42 C2 pedicle screws and 6 lower cervical lateral mass screws and 2 lower cervical pedicle screws were placed. The mean operative time and bleeding volume was 2.7 hours and 490 ml respectively. No intraoperative complications were directly related to surgical technique. No neurological, vascular or infective complications were encountered. All patients were followed up for 3-36 months （average 15 months）. Firm bony fusion was documented in all patients after 3-6 months. One patient with atlas fracture showed anterior occipitocervical fusion. There was no implant failure. Conclusions： Posterior fixation and fusion of the atlas pedicle screw system is feasible and safe for the treatment of upper cervical diseases, and may be applicable to a larger number of patients.     

寰枢椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学评价

目的：评价寰枢椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学稳定性。方法：6具新鲜颈椎标本，按随机顺序，对每一标本先后行C1-C2椎弓根螺钉、Magerl螺钉、Brooks钢丝以及螺钉联合钢丝固定，在脊柱三维运动实验机上测量其三维运动范围。结果：Magerl螺钉或C1-C2椎弓根螺钉联合Brooks钢丝组成的固定系统的三维运动范围最小。C1-C2椎弓根螺钉固定的前后屈伸运动范围与Brooks钢丝固定无差异，但大于Magerl螺钉；其左右侧屈运动范围小于Brooks钢丝固定，大于Magerl螺钉；其轴向旋转角度明显小于Brooks钢丝固定，但与Magerl螺钉无统计学差异。结论：C1-C2椎弓根螺钉的三维稳定性与Magerl螺钉相当，联合Brooks钢丝固定可进一步提高其稳定性。